Minimising aerobic respiratory demands could form the basis to sub-lethal copper tolerance by rainbow trout gill epithelial cells in vitro

Mechanisms of Cu tolerance were investigated in respiratory epithelial cell cultures, from rainbow trout gills, by studying O₂ consumption and protein synthesis rates, intracellular Na concentration and TER. The lowest concentration found to reduce O₂ consumption was 25 M Cu. This did not affect either protein synthesis rate or intracellular Na concentration and was interpreted in terms of copper tolerance; i.e., how these two energetically demanding processes are maintained despite a reduction in aerobic ATP supply. The relationship between protein synthesis rate and synthesis cost is exponential and the cost of protein synthesis in gill cells was found to be minimal (i.e., this cell occupies a position on the asymptotic section of the protein synthesis rate/synthesis cost model) and unaffected by 25 M Cu. Thus protein synthesis rates could be maintained since any reduction would represent an insignificant energy saving. Intracellular Na concentrations and O₂ consumption rates were linearly correlated suggesting reducing intracellular maintenance costs would have a greater significance in terms of overall energetic conservation. Intracellular Na maintenance costs, calculated from O₂ consumption rates and intracellular Na concentrations, were found to decline after exposure to 25 M Cu. Since TER was unaffected this implied the reduced costs arose from membrane `channel arrest'. Thus the Na/K ATPase energy demands, associated with maintaining intracellular Na concentration, could be reduced by decoupling metabolic demand and membrane function. Therefore this study may demonstrate how the flexibility of cellular energetics enables gill epithelial cells to tolerate sub-lethal Cu.     

Action of Clathrodin and Analogues on Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Clathrodin is a marine alkaloid and believed to be a modulator of voltage-gated sodium (Na_V ) channels. Since there is an urgent need for small molecule Na_V channel ligands as novel therapeutics, clathrodin could represent an interesting lead compound. Therefore, clathrodin was reinvestigated for its potency and Na_V channel subtype selectivity. Clathrodin and its synthetic analogues were subjected to screening on a broad range of Na_V channel isoforms, both in voltage clamp and patch clamp conditions. Even though clathrodin was not found to exert any activity, some analogues were capable of modulating the Na_V channels, hereby validating the pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole alkaloid structure as a core structure for future small molecule-based Na_V channel modulators.     

复硝酚钠对低温下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗耐寒性的影响

为缓解低温胁迫对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗的伤害,以黄瓜中农106为试验材料,研究不同浓度复硝酚钠(CSN)浸种对低温胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及萌发后生长的影响,以及CSN灌根处理对黄瓜幼苗壮苗效果及幼苗耐寒性的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的CSN浸种能显著提高低温胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、侧根数和鲜重,以50 mg·L^-1浓度效果最佳。在黄瓜育苗过程中,100 mg·L^-1的CSN灌根处理能显著提高穴盘苗质量和壮苗指数,低温胁迫下CSN通过促进矿质元素吸收,提高幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高生长素(IAA)和油菜素内酯(BR)含量,降低活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量以提高幼苗的耐寒性。本研究为培育黄瓜壮苗和提高黄瓜幼苗耐寒性提供了新方法,也为复硝酚钠在设施蔬菜上的应用提供了技术支持。     

氮肥与复硝酚钠复配对南方大豆光合特性和产量及品质的影响

为确定南方大豆增产增效的栽培管理措施及光合特性与产量品质的相关性,本研究以5个南方主栽大豆品种为材料,于初花期（R1）和鼓粒期（R5）进行叶面喷施不同浓度的尿素和复硝酚钠,试验设置5个处理,3个种植区域,每个种植区3次重复,通过2年的数据,研究了叶面喷施氮肥以及氮肥与复硝酚钠复配对南方大豆品种产量、品质以及光合特性的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥可以提高南方大豆各品种的叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率等光合特性,可提高单株有效荚数、单株粒重等产量构成因素进而提高大豆的产量;同时,氮肥与复硝酚钠复配与单独施用氮肥相比可使油6019、中豆44、中豆41和中豆63的产量增加,对脂肪和蛋白含量影响较小,对高蛋白品种皖豆28未起到增产的效果,但可使脂肪含量有所增加;经过氮素处理后,油6019的产量与品质呈现正相关性。综上所述,氮肥与复硝酚钠复配喷施具有进一步协同提高南方大豆品种产量和品质潜力,但由于对不同品种作用效果存在差异,针对不同基因型大豆品种需要制定最佳的处理方案。     

机插密度对盐碱地超级稻产量及钠钾离子吸收的影响

为筛选出江苏滨海盐碱地超级稻品种‘湘两优900’的适宜机插密度,研究了不同机插密度（高密度,T₁：25.0×10⁴穴/hm²;中密度,T₂：19.9×10⁴穴/hm²;低密度,T₃：16.6×10⁴穴/hm²）对水稻各指标的影响,并动态监测了土壤及田间水盐分的变化。结果表明：水稻种植能够显著降低土壤可溶性总盐含量,降幅可达28.68%;随机插密度变小,水稻单穴的分蘖数、干物质重能够显著提高,而群体的分蘖数和干物质重会相应的显著降低;水稻SPAD值在生殖生长期时,随密度下降呈增加的趋势,而叶面积指数在所有生育期均呈降低的趋势;机插密度下降能够显著增加单穴钠钾离子积累量和显著降低群体的钠钾离子积累。相关分析表明,不同机插密度水稻实际产量与单株钠离子积累量呈显著负相关,与群体有效穗数、群体干物质积累量呈显著正相关,与每穗总粒数、群体钾离子积累量呈极显著正相关。本试验条件下,江苏滨海盐碱地‘湘两优900’的适宜机插密度为25.0×10⁴穴/hm²。     

亚硒酸钠对甲基汞中毒大鼠的影响研究

以4 mg/kg氯化甲基汞灌胃28天,建立SD大鼠甲基汞亚急性中毒模型.再给予高、中、低三个剂量的亚硒酸钠,选择补硒后0、30、60、90 d四个时间点进行研究.通过考察大鼠体重、生化指标、汞和硒在体内的分布与排出情况,来研究补充不同剂量、不同天数的硒对甲基汞中毒大鼠的影响.结果表明：对甲基汞中毒大鼠补硒后,可加快体重增长,且表现为低剂量组＞中剂量组＞高剂量组.与对照组相比,补硒30 d的肝脏GSH-Px（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）和60d的血清GSH-Px显著升高,60 d的肝脏MDA（丙二醛）显著降低,对肾脏无明显影响.补硒组在补硒20 d内,会抑制尿液中汞的排出,高、中剂量组在60 d后可增加汞在脑和肝中的蓄积.试验证实硒对甲基汞中毒具有一定的解毒作用,可加快体重增长,降低肝脏的氧化损伤,以最大无作用剂量补充60 d为宜.     

肉桂酸催化合成条件的研究

研究了苯甲醛与乙酸酐的物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂种类以及混合催化剂物质的量比对合成肉桂酸的影响。实验结果表明,苯甲醛与乙酸酐的物质的量比为1∶3,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为170℃,催化剂为氟化钠/碳酸钾(其物质的量比为1∶2)时,肉桂酸的产率达76.6%。该工艺降低了反应温度,缩短了反应时间,提高了产率,并且该方法简单,环境污染小,产品纯度高。     

蜈蚣兰初代培养中内生真菌的抑制作用

为了建立蜈蚣兰无菌繁殖体系,以0.2%的山梨酸钾和0.2%的苯甲酸钠为供试药剂,研究了两种不同种类的食品防腐剂在蜈蚣兰初代培养中对内生真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:两种食品防腐剂均对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长有抑制作用,且山梨酸钾的抑菌作用更为显著。同时,两种防腐剂的加入对外植体侧芽萌发均有一定程度的抑制,且苯甲酸钠的抑制作用较为突出。另外,0.8%的次氯酸钠溶液对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长也有一定的抑制作用。     

不同钠盐对班克松种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液处理班克松种子,测定发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,研究钠盐胁迫对班克松种子发芽的影响。结果表明:低浓度(10、20 mmol·L-1)的NaCl、Na2SO4可以促进种子萌发,随着浓度增加,抑制作用加强,250 mmol·L-1的各项指标降到最低。Na2CO3溶液对种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,浓度相同时,Na2CO3胁迫下的各指标值均小于NaCl、Na2SO4。250 mmol·L-1时各项指标为0。由此可以得出,班克松种子具有耐盐性,但对不同钠盐的敏感性不同,对NaCl、Na2SO4的耐受性要高于Na2CO3。