Gel Properties of Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate,CaCl2, and Setting Condition

The effects of setting time, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on textural properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate and compare the effects of setting time (30–90 min), WPC (1–9% of protein ratio), and CaCl₂ (1–59 mmol/kg) on the gel strength. Models for breaking force, breaking distance, and gel strength of surimi gel were established. The maximum gel strength was achieved at the setting time of 60 min, WPC and CaCl₂ at 5% protein ratio, and 15–18 mmol/kg. CaCl₂ was the most significant factor affecting the gel strength.     

Evaluation of Mixed-Feeding Schedules with Varying Dietary Protein Content on the Growth Performance and Reduction of Cost of Production for Sutchi Catfish,Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)

Abstract

An on-station pond trial was conducted for 6 months to investigate the suitability of mixed-feeding schedules with varying protein levels on the growth of sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmuswith silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrixwith a view to minimizing the cost of production. Five different feeding regimes employed were: high protein diet (30% protein, H), low protein (15% protein, L), one day low protein diet followed by one day high protein diet (1L/1H), 7 day low protein diet followed by 7 day high protein diet (7L/7H), and 14 day low protein diet followed by 14 day high protein diet (14L/14H). Ten experimental ponds each of 0.008 ha size were divided into 5 treatment groups each with two replicates. Fishes were stocked at the ratio of 80:20 (sutchi catfish:silver carp) at the total rate of 25,000/ha. Feeding rate was calculated only on the basis of sutchi catfish weight only and fish were fed at the rate of 15,10, 8, and 5% of their body weight for 1st, 2nd, 3rd months, and the rest of the experimental period, respectively. The ranges of water quality parameters during the study period were: temperature 22°C to 32.8°C, dissolved oxygen 4.30 to 7.44 mg/L, pH 6.85 to 7.50, and transparency 21.9 to 32.2 cm. The result of the study showed that significantly (P < 0.05) higher fish weight gain was achieved in feeding schedules of H and 1L/1H and lowest with 14L/14H. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values ranged between 2.06 and 2.51 with H and 1L/1H showing significantly the best FCR. The FCR values were very low when weight of silver carp was considered which ranged between 1.58 and 1.68. The survival (%) of sutchi catfish were lower (78.1 to 82.5%) compared to that of silver carp (90–95%). The total production of sutchi catfish ranged between 3594 and 7095 kg/ha and silver carp ranged between 1777 and 2220 kg/ha. A simple economic analysis showed that fish in 1L/1H fed alternately with low and high protein diets resulted in the highest net profit. The result of the study suggest that for profitable sutchi catfish farming in Bangladesh, farmers can adopt a mixed-feeding schedule of alternated low and high protein diet instead of continuously feeding a high protein diet.     

增加饲料中Vc质量分数对银鲳血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

研究了增加饲料中维生素C（VC）质量分数对银鲳（Pampus argenteus）血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响.以鱼粉、虾粉为蛋白源,鱼油为脂肪源配制VC质量分数分别为104.21 mg·kg^-1、455.33 mg·kg^-1和800.54 mg·kg^-1的3组饲料,依次编号为C1（对照组）、C2、C3.每组饲料设3个重复,投喂平均体质量为（6.18±0.15）g的银鲳幼鱼9周.结果显示,随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,血清溶菌酶活性逐渐升高,C3组较C1、C2组溶菌酶活性显著性升高（P＜0.05）.增加VC质量分数可显著提高组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P ＜0.05）,但VC对不同组织中SOD活性的影响程度并不相同.随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,肝脏与肌肉中VC水平显著性升高（P＜0.05）.同时,高水平VC也显著降低了组织中丙二醛（MDA）的质量摩尔浓度.分析表明,增加饲料中VC质量分数（大于455.33 mg·kg^-1）可提高银鲳血清溶菌酶活性与组织抗氧化能力,降低组织中的脂质过氧化反应.     

如何在湖泊水库中进行不投饵网箱养殖鲢鳙鱼

从不投饵网箱养殖鲢鳙鱼的优点以及相关的技术2个方面,论述在湖泊水库中进行不投饵鲢鳙鱼的网箱养殖技术方法。     

采用酸碱提取法对鲢肌肉蛋白分离特性的影响

对酸处理和碱处理过程中鲢肌肉蛋白质的分离特性,包括蛋白质溶解度、回收率和匀浆黏度等进行了比较研究。结果表明：当pH为1．5—12．5时,普通肉溶解蛋白（Solutionordinarymuscleprotein,SMP-1）与血合肉溶解蛋白（Solutiondarkmuscleprotein,SMP-2）溶解度的变化规律无明显差别,酸处理的最大溶解度均在pH为2．5下,碱处理的最大溶解度均在pH为11．5～12．5下,两者等电点均在pH为5．5下;普通肉匀浆（Ordinarymusclehomogenate,OMH）和血合肉匀浆（Darkmusclehomogenate,DMH）的黏度均随溶解度的增加而增加,但OMH黏度要高于DMH;采用酸碱处理法的蛋白质回收率都非常高,IMP-1最高能达到90．5％,IMP-2也能达到89．5％。     

小型昆虫蛋白图谱检测方法的比较研究

以烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)]和温室白粉虱[Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)]小型昆虫为研究对象,比较了这些小型昆虫可溶性蛋白SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的检测方法。结果表明,改进的复合银染法在蛋白质检测中具有效果好、简单快捷的特点。     

太湖梅梁湾生物控藻围栏内鲢、鳙比肠长和比肝重的动态变化

为了解滤食性鱼类的消化生理指标及其生态适应性,2005年1-10月,调查了太湖梅梁湾生物控藻围栏中鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)在不同生长阶段的比肠长和比肝重指数的动态变化,分析了比肠长和比肝重与温度、体长、体重以及饵料组成的关系。结果表明,鲢、鳙比肠长和比肝重的季节变化都非常明显,比肠长均值分别为9.66和5.73,夏季的比肠长均明显增大。总的来看,鲢的比肠长和季节变化幅度均大于鳙,表明在滤食和消化浮游植物上,鲢具有更强的环境适应能力;鲢、鳙的比肠长与水温显著正相关(鲢P<0.01;鳙P<0.05),而与体长、体重以及饵料组成的相关性不显著;温度导致的摄食强度变化应是鲢、鳙比肠长季节变化的主要原因。鲢、鳙的比肝重均值分别为1.57%和1.91%,鳙的比肝重明显大于鲢,这可能与鳙摄食更多的浮游动物有关;鲢、鳙的比肝重与温度、体长、体重以及饵料组成均有显著的相关性(P<0.05),表明生物个体的形态特征与其所利用的资源环境有非常紧密的联系。     

鲢鱼糜与淀粉复合系统的微波糊化特性

在2 450 MHz频率的微波处理条件下,为了考察添加鲢鱼糜对小麦粉面团糊化的影响,将小麦粉、鲢鱼糜、NaCl和去离子水按比例混合制成鲢鱼糜面团,面团中鲢鱼糜含量分别为0%,10%,20%和30%(w/w,质量百分比),对样品面团中淀粉的介电特性和糊化特性进行研究。结果表明,对于相同尺寸的面团样品,添加鲢鱼糜可改善面团样品在电磁场中的加热均匀性。随着温度的升高,面团的介电常数和介电损失率分别在20~23和9~12内波动并呈下降趋势,微波的穿透深度因淀粉的糊化略有上升。淀粉的糊化速率随温度的升高而下降。降低样品中淀粉的含量,会使面团糊化活化能由113.54 kJ/mol下降至59.96 kJ/mol。     

以产业集群模式促进黑龙江省农业产业可持续发展

随着我国农业产业化发展进程的推进,农业产业集群式发展已成为普遍现象,这对于农业产业竞争优势的提升,促进现代农业实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以黑龙江省为研究对象,在农业产业集群概述的基础上,分析黑龙江省农业产业集群的发展现状,进而提出以产业集群模式促进黑龙江省农业产业可持续发展的对策。     

山东西部连续强对流天气的多尺度资料对比分析

在常规观测资料基础上,结合NCEP再分析资料、风廓线雷达、多普勒雷达和卫星云图资料,对2016年6月13-14日山东省西部连续两次强对流天气进行分析.分析表明:(1)13日夜间对流强度较14日下午剧烈.两次强对流天气都是在高空冷涡的环流背景下产生的.高空为西北气流,低层存在暖湿平流输送,13日强对流天气由低层切变线和地面辐合线触发,14日由700 hpa弱冷空气触发.(2)强对流发生前都有一定的水汽输送和辐合,下暖湿上干冷,低层辐合,中高层辐散.0℃层高度在4000m左右,-20℃层高度在7000m附近.(3)强对流发生时雷达回波强度大于45dBZ,在1.5°仰角上雷达回波最高达60 dBZ以上,中层强回波区悬垂于低层弱回波区之上.垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)高达20 kg/m2,强回波区不断有中气旋生成.13日夜间有弓形回波,垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)高于14日.风廓线资料中强的垂直风切变和风向波动对强对流天气的发生时间有指示意义.(4)冰雹、大风等强对流天气发生在狭长的冷云区前部、对流云团前部和西南部的TBB梯度区上.