一品红花卉上烟粉虱的序贯抽样技术研究

烟粉虱[Bemisiatabaci(Gennadius)]在花卉一品红上的为害十分猖獗,在调查分析的基础上,研究了烟粉虱在一品红上的序贯抽样技术。结果表明:烟粉虱成虫的平均拥挤度*m与平均密度x-回归方程为*m=-9.05+2.26x-,相关性极显著(0.799 1);以Iwao的序贯抽样为基础,结合Kuno的序贯抽样,提出复序贯抽样技术,防治指标上下限为T′₀(n)=7n+2 5.39n,T″₀(n)=7n-2 5.39n,截止线为T(n)=α+1/(D₀²-β-1/n),D₀=0.15。     

甘肃棉田烟粉虱发生及防治策略

调查了甘肃敦煌地区棉田烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)]的发生情况,分析测定了棉田烟粉虱的发生特点、危害损失,提出了防治策略。     

埃及吹绵蚧在木兰科植物上的发生危害及防治

调查了埃及吹绵蚧[Icerya aegyptiaca(Douglas)]在木兰科植物上的发生危害和生物学特性,并对此虫的形态特征进行了描述,提出了有效的防治措施。     

呋喃丹种衣剂拌玉米种防治地下害虫初步研究

1989年进行了呋喃丹种衣剂(Furadan 350ST)拌玉米种防治地下害虫试验,结果表明按玉米种子重量0.6%、0.8%、1%(有效剂量)拌种,防治细胸金针虫(Agtiotes fusicollis Miwa)、小地老虎[Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg)]的效果分别为77—90.5%、76.8—87.6%,同时兼治玉米蚜[Rhopolosiphum maidis(Fitch),增产8.2—19.5%。经济效益显著,收益与投资比为1:4.1—6.7,而且该药剂在所用剂量范围内对玉米安全。     

甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原鉴定

对甘肃省临夏州小麦脚腐病病原进行了分离鉴定,从3块病田的37株罹病小麦上分离得到56个真菌菌株,分别被鉴定为雪腐镰刀菌[Fusarium nivale(Fr.)Ces.]、燕麦镰刀菌[Fusarium avenaceum(Corda et Fr.)Sacc.]、麦斑点附球霉[Epicoccum triticiP.Henn.]、小壳色单隔孢菌[Diplodiellasp.]、交链孢菌[Alternariaspp.]、芽枝霉[Cladosporiumsp.]、黑孢霉[Nigrosporasp.]。其中,雪腐镰刀菌致病性最强,燕麦镰刀菌致病性中强,麦斑点附球霉致病性弱,其余菌不致病。     

秸秆覆盖全程节水对小麦病害发生的影响

通过秸秆覆盖全程节水对小麦病害发生影响调查,发现其主要病害有:小麦条锈病(Puccinia striiformis West)、小麦白粉病[Blumeria graminis(DC.) Speer]和小麦散黑穗病[Ustalago tritici(Pers)Jens.],免耕和秸秆覆盖处理对这3种病害的发生几乎没有影响;随冬季灌水量的增加,小麦条锈病发病减轻,小麦散黑穗病发病加重,对小麦白粉病影响不大。     

甲酸乙酯对米象乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的影响

报道了甲酸乙酯对米象[Sitophilus oryzae(Linnaeus)]乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性影响,甲酸乙酯对米象表现出很高的毒力,25℃下熏蒸处理24 h的LC₅₀为28.65μL/L。亚致死剂量的甲酸乙酯可以使米象成虫体内AChE的比活力显著下降,用20μL/L的浓度处理24 h,AChE的比活力由15.684 nmol/mg.min下降至9.530 nmol/mg.min;酶动力学研究表明,甲酸乙酯可使米象成虫体内AChE的K_m值明显增加。对于羧酸酯酶,在活体条件下表现为先抑制后激活的规律,离体条件下则主要表现为抑制作用,且随着药剂浓度的增大抑制率也增大。     

温度对阿维菌素(Avermectin)杀螨活性的影响

研究了不同恒温条件下阿维菌素(Avermectin)对朱砂叶螨[Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)]和二斑叶螨(T.urticae Koch)的致死作用,拟合了阿维菌素对两种叶螨的毒力与温度之间的关系。结果表明:阿维菌素分别在16、21、26、31℃和36℃的恒温条件下,对两种叶螨的毒力与温度呈正相关关系,即温度越高毒力越强;朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素的敏感性高于二斑叶螨。     

玉米地昆虫及捕食性节肢动物群落结构及动态研究

南宁市郊玉米地害虫、捕食性昆虫、蜘蛛及中性昆虫由90科315种组成,害虫、蜘蛛及捕食性昆虫是玉米地节肢动物群落组成及功能作用的主要群落。禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、六斑月瓢虫(Menochilus sexmaculata)、龟纹瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)、食虫沟瘤蛛(Ummeliata insecticeps)、锥腹肖蛸(Tetragnatha maxillosa)、八斑鞘腹蛛(Coleosoma octomaculatum)、类奇异獾蛛(Trochosa ruricoloides)和脉娲蛛(Wadicosa fidelis)等是群落的主体。分析了4个亚群落的时空格局及数量变动规律以及天敌对害虫的控制作用。     

青海省和内蒙古草原蝗虫痘病毒自然资源调查

为了解我国草原蝗虫中昆虫痘病毒的自然分布情况,于2018年、2019年和2021年在青海省环青海湖地区和内蒙古自治区太仆寺旗共采集8种优势蝗虫,通过镜检手段、巢式PCR技术以及蔗糖梯度离心法鉴定、检测并提取昆虫痘病毒,并测定其对宿主的致死效果。结果表明,在青海省分布的白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus、狭翅雏蝗Chorthippus dubius和在内蒙古自治区分布的毛足棒角蝗Dasyhippus barbipes、锡林蛛蝗Aeropedellus xilinensis四种蝗虫中检测到昆虫痘病毒,自然感染率在5.19%~34.65%之间;其中在毛足棒角蝗种群中检测到的昆虫痘病毒自然感染率最高,为34.65%;其次是采集自同一地区的锡林蛛蝗,昆虫痘病毒自然感染率为20.00%;青海省分布的狭翅雏蝗和白纹雏蝗种群中昆虫痘病毒自然感染率较低。从毛足棒角蝗中分离出有较高致病性的昆虫痘病毒,饲喂该病毒处理小麦叶片后10 d毛足棒角蝗4龄若虫的存活率低于10.00%,表明该病毒具有开发为蝗虫生物防治制剂的潜力。     

Development of a monoclonal antibody to detect predation of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

A monoclonal antibody (McAb), 4B8, was developed to whole homogenates of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), using hybridoma technology. It reacted with all the stages of BPH but did not cross-react with other insects and predator species tested with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunodiffusion revealed it to belong to the IgG₃ subclass. The ascites developed with 4B8?cell lines had high absorbance values until it was diluted over 6.5536?×?10⁷ times tested by indirect ELISA. It could recognize the BPH proteins after one female was ingested by Pardosa pseudoannulata for about 2.13 days at 25°C. The results of extended antigen detection period and the high specificity of the antibody indicated that 4B8 could be used to study interactions between planthoppers and their predators in the field. Application of the McAb to assess relative importance of four major spider species in subtropical rice ecosystem showed that P. pseudoannulata was more important than Ummeliata insecticeps, and those were more important than Tetragnatha sp. and Coleosoma octomaculatum.     

玉米黄花叶病毒运动蛋白的原核表达纯化与抗血清制备

为实现对玉米黄花叶病毒（maize yellow mosaic virus,MaYMV）的血清学检测,丰富该病毒的检测方法,将编码MaYMV运动蛋白（movement protein,MP）的基因连接到原核表达载体pDBHis-MBP上,将构建成功的原核表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中诱导表达融合蛋白,将纯化后的融合蛋白对新西兰大白兔Oryctolagus cuniculus进行免疫并制备MaYMV MP多克隆抗血清,并采用Western blot对抗血清的效价、灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果显示,利用成功构建的原核表达载体经诱导表达获得分子量大小约为62 kD的融合蛋白,纯化后对新西兰大白兔进行免疫获得MaYMV MP抗血清,该抗血清的效价为1∶128 000,灵敏度为1∶32,且该抗血清能够特异性地检测到本氏烟Nicotiana benthamiana中瞬时表达的MaYMV MP,而不与马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus及黄症病毒属Luteovirus的其他病毒发生血清学交叉反应,证明该抗血清具有良好的特异性。表明本研究制备的MaYMV MP抗血清能特异性...     

玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)检测方法

为了提高口岸和基层实验室检疫和监测玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的准确性和工作效率,利用环介导恒温扩增技术(LAMP),根据内切葡聚糖酶(EGase)基因前导序列,设计2个内引物和2个外引物,对玉米细菌性枯萎病菌进行快速检测。结果表明,使用玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的近缘种或引致相似症状的病原菌菊欧文氏菌玉米致病变种Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae、玉米内州萎蔫病菌Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.nebraskensis、燕麦假单胞菌Pseudomonas avenae、杓兰欧文氏菌Erwinia cypripedii检测其特异性,仅玉米细菌性枯萎病菌有扩增。LAMP检测灵敏度达到2 pg DNA,为普通PCR的100倍;与其它检测方法相比,LAMP方法检测时间短,效率高,不仅降低了设备投入,易于操作,而且具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,适合玉米细菌性枯萎病菌的现场检疫和大规模检测。     

Sensitive detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae on Anthurium andreanum by immunocapture-PCR (IC-PCR) using primers designed from sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) of the blight pathogen

One of the most devastating Xanthomonas diseases affecting the Anthurium cut flower industry worldwide is the bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (Xad). The disease can be spread through latently infected tissue-cultured plants that are used for the propagation of Anthurium worldwide. Current disease diagnostic techniques involve the use of semi-selective media and serological tests. This study describes the development of a PCR tool combined with a genus-specific monoclonal antibody for the sensitive detection of the pathogen directly from plants. It was demonstrated that the immunocapture PCR (IC-PCR) was more sensitive than the conventional PCR and even more sensitive than indirect ELISA for the detection of the pathogen. Latently infected plants could be positively screened for the presence of the pathogen. Three sets of primers were designed from DNA probes that were reported to show some specificity to the pathovar dieffenbachiae. The use of all three sets of primers in a single reaction successfully amplified the three individual loci when bacterial DNA was used as a template. The multiplex PCR generated PCR profiles that could differentiate between the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae from other control bacteria. The new primers could therefore be used both for the diagnosis of Anthurium blight in single PCR reactions and also for the profiling of Xanthomonas. pv. dieffenbachiae strains using the multiplex PCR technique.     

Evaluation of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays based on 5S rDNA‐IGS2 regions for detecting Meloidogyne enterolobii

A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of Meloidogyne enterolobii (Me‐LAMP) was developed based on the sequences of the 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) and intergenic spacer 2 (IGS2) segment. The LAMP amplification was achieved at 65°C isothermal conditions within 1–1·5 h. Its amplicons were confirmed using gel electrophoresis, SacI enzyme analysis, lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay, and visual inspection through SYBR Green I and calcein staining. The results demonstrated that the Me‐LAMP was able to specifically detect M. enterolobii populations from different geographical origins, with a detection limit of about 10 fg M. enterolobii genomic DNA, which was 10–100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. In addition, the applicability of LAMP to field detection was confirmed following its successful performance in detecting the pest on root and soil samples. The Me‐LAMP assay possessed the characteristics of simplicity, sensitivity and specificity, and is a promising and practical molecular tool for M. enterolobii diagnosis in pest quarantine and field surveys.     

A systematic review of southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in the age of omics

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is one of the most damaging rice viruses. The virus decreases rice quality and yield, and poses a serious threat to food security. From this perspective, this review performed a survey of published studies in recent years to understand the current status of SRBSDV and white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) transmission processes in rice. Recent studies have shown that the interactions between viral virulence proteins and rice susceptibility factors shape the transmission of SRBSDV. Moreover, the transmission of SRBSDV is influenced by the interactions between viral virulence proteins and S. furcifera susceptibility factors. This review focused on the molecular mechanisms of key genes or proteins associated with SRBSDV infection in rice via the S. furcifera vector, and the host defense response mechanisms against viral infection. A sustainable control strategy using RNAi was summarized to address this pest. Finally, we also present a model for screening anti-SRBSDV inhibitors using viral proteins as targets. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

害虫对Bt杀虫蛋白抗性相关受体蛋白互作网络分析

为对Bt杀虫蛋白与化学杀虫剂的协同使用提供理论指导，通过蛋白互作分析方法，以黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster为模型，对化学杀虫剂与Bt杀虫剂作用受体以及抗性相关蛋白的互作网络进行研究。结果表明，Bt杀虫蛋白的27个受体在黑腹果蝇中共存在50个互作蛋白，其中有39个蛋白只与Bt杀虫蛋白抗性相关，11个蛋白还与化学杀虫剂抗性相关，这2类杀虫剂抗性互作网络交集较小，并且重叠蛋白的变异引起交互抗性的概率不大。表明Bt杀虫蛋白与化学杀虫剂产生交互抗性的概率较小，可以将Bt杀虫剂与化学杀虫剂协同使用，提高害虫防治效果，并有效克服或延缓害虫抗性产生。     

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Pseudomonas syringae strains associated with the recent citrus bacterial blast and bacterial black pit epidemics in Tunisia

In the spring of 2012, symptoms of a disease resembling citrus blast and citrus black pit were observed in some orchards in Tunisia. The epidemic spread rapidly in the following years. Twenty‐four commercial citrus orchards from four Tunisian regions showing characteristic symptoms of bacterial diseases were surveyed during a 3‐year study. Eighty‐eight Pseudomonas‐like bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from the northeast and west of Tunisia. No isolates were recovered from the central region. Overall, 46 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and most of them showed similar phenotypic and genetic profiles. The virulence of three selected isolates differed from one plant cultivar to another as well as from the type of plant organ used for the inoculation. In a bioassay test, all isolates produced syringomycin, which was confirmed by molecular detection based on the syrB and syrD genes. Only EC122 possessed syrD but not syrB. DNA fingerprints, based on repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction (rep‐PCR) and PCR melting profile (PCR MP), were used to determine the potential genetic diversity among strains. Clustering of PCR MP fingerprinting data matched with rep‐PCR fingerprinting data. The generated distribution tree showed that Tunisian isolates were closely related to the citrus reference strain LMG5496. In contrast, EC112, isolated from citrus, and the almond isolate EC122 were distantly related to the type strain LMG1247^T isolated from lilac. Such studies have not been reported until now for P. syringae from citrus.     

小麦蔗糖非发酵相关蛋白激酶SnRK3基因的克隆与分析

为明确小麦蔗糖非发酵-1相关蛋白激酶（sucrose non-ferment-1-related protein kinase,SnRK）在协调植物体内多种信号通路之间的作用,通过普通PCR方法从扬麦20中克隆SnRK基因,利用生物信息学方法对其进行分析,使用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析其在激素、干旱、盐和病菌胁迫下的表达模式,并测定瞬时过表达该基因对烟草叶片抗致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans侵染能力的影响。结果显示,从扬麦20中克隆获得SnRK3基因,命名为TaSnRK3.16-D;该基因编码蛋白可能通过与多种蛋白互作参与多种形式的调控;过表达TaSnRK3.16-D增强了小麦对脱落酸、NaCl、PEG、白粉病菌Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici和赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum胁迫的抗性,经亚细胞定位和根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens瞬时表达试验验证表明TaSnRK3.16-D定位于细胞膜上,且其在烟草叶片上过表达部位的致病疫霉侵染病斑颜色较对照病斑颜色浅,一定程度上抑制了致病疫霉的侵染。表...     

高效液相色谱法测定稻田样品中喹啉铜残留

采用高效液相色谱仪,建立了喹啉铜在稻田水、稻田土壤、水稻植株、稻秆、谷壳和糙米中残留量的检测方法。稻田水、水稻植株、稻秆、谷壳和糙米用乙腈和1 mol/L的盐酸提取,土壤用乙腈和2 mol/L的氢氧化钠提取。稻田水无需净化,其余样品用正己烷和乙腈净化后,采用带有紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定,流动相为V(磷酸盐缓冲液)∶V(乙腈)=60∶40,流速0.8 m L/min,紫外检测波长为250 nm。结果表明:在0.05~5 mg/L范围内,喹啉铜质量浓度与其相对应的色谱峰面积之间呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=231.55x-15.064,决定系数(R2)为0.998 5,达极显著水平。在0.05~1 mg/kg添加水平下,稻田水、稻田土壤、水稻植株、稻秆、谷壳和糙米中喹啉铜的平均回收率在83%~103%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)在1.5%~6.6%之间。该方法的前处理过程较简单,且准确度、精密度和灵敏度均符合农药残留分析的技术要求。