Protective Effect of Tuna Bioactive Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice

Bioactive peptides isolated from marine organisms have shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal protection effect of low molecular peptides (Mw < 1 kDa) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna processing waste (tuna bioactive peptides (TBP)) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in BALB/c mice. Here, we randomly divided twenty-four male BALB/c mice into four groups: (i) normal (untreated), (ii) DSS-induced model colitis, (iii) low dose TBP+DSS-treated (200 mg/kg/d), and (iv) high dose TBP+DSS-treated groups (500 mg/kg/d). The results showed that TBP significantly reduced mice weight loss and improved morphological and pathological characteristics of colon tissues. In addition, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) and decreased inflammatory factors (LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression. TBP increased the gene expression levels of some tight junction (TJ) proteins. Moreover, TBP increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and the diversity and imbalance of intestinal flora. Therefore, TBP plays some protective roles in the intestinal tract by enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of the body, improving the intestinal barrier and metabolic abnormalities, and adjusting intestinal flora imbalance.     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道pH值和盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响

在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%或2.00%的大豆寡糖,研究了不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道pH值和盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡。结果表明:大豆寡糖对18、36日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠和空肠食糜pH值的影响无明显规律,各处理组之间无显著性差异(P0.05);随着大豆寡糖水平的增加,盲肠食糜pH值呈下降的趋势(P0.05),1.00%大豆寡糖添加组18、36日龄肉仔鸡盲肠食糜pH值为最低水平,且显著低于对照组(P0.05)。低寡糖日粮中添加不同剂量大豆寡糖,大幅度增加肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中乙酸和短链脂肪酸总量的浓度(P0.05);添加1.00%或2.00%大豆寡糖,显著增加18日龄肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中丁酸占短链脂肪酸总量的摩尔百分比(P0.05)。     

谷胱甘肽对氯化汞致果蝇肠损伤的影响

以模式生物果蝇为模型,研究了谷胱甘肽(1 mmol/L)对氯化汞(400μmol/L)致果蝇肠损伤的影响。结果表明,谷胱甘肽对氯化汞所致果蝇肠道损伤有一定的保护作用。1 mmol/L谷胱甘肽显著抑制400μmol/L氯化汞所致果蝇肠道上皮活性氧的产生、细胞凋亡以及肠道干细胞的分裂。     

云南红河哈尼梯田稻鱼共作环境中有机氯农药残留现状及其生态风险评价

为明确梯田稻鱼共作环境中有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留现状及其生态风险,于2017年5月采取红河县哈尼梯田所在区域不同海拔的水样和土样,并通过气相色谱仪检测定量进行OCPs的组成、来源分析和生态风险评价。结果表明,水体中共有12种OCPs被检出,残留总量范围为60.43~4 335.35 ng·L^-1,平均值为650.35 ng·L^-1;底泥环境中检测到11种OCPs,残留总量范围为6.68~26.36μg·kg^-1,平均值为12.29 μg·kg^-1。哈尼梯田环境中氯化脂环类OCPs高于氯苯类,主要分布于底泥环境中。从各海拔位点得到的检测结果来看,OCPs的残留并没有随海拔高度而变化。来源分析表明,该地区除历史性残留的OCPs外,存在新的OCPs输入。风险评价最终结果发现,水源汇合处、低海拔和中海拔地区水样中异艾氏剂的残留对水体鱼类存在较大风险;底泥中OCPs的残留风险要高于水中,部分采样位点六六六类、滴滴涕类、硫丹Ⅱ、氯丹和异狄氏剂存在较高的生态风险,而七氯在各个位点的残留均有较大的生态风险。总结得出梯田稻鱼共作环境中,底泥中的OCPs残留较水体需要更多的监控,而OCPs残留中的氯化脂环类需要进一步引起重视。     

归芪益母复方制剂对产后奶牛瘤胃微生物和短链脂肪酸的调节

本试验旨在探究归芪益母复方制剂对产后奶牛瘤胃微生物和短链脂肪酸的调节作用。将19头待产的健康荷斯坦奶牛随机分为两组,对照组10头,试验组9头。试验组奶牛产后每天灌服归芪益母复方制剂500 mL,对照组奶牛每天灌服等体积饮用水,连续6 d。产后第7天晨饲前采集瘤胃液,采用16S rRNA高通量测序和GC-MS/MS靶向代谢组学技术对两组奶牛瘤胃菌群的丰度和短链脂肪酸的含量进行了测定。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛瘤胃变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、Escherichia-Shigella属和拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)的菌群丰度极显著升高(P<0.01),乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和Subdoligranulum属菌群丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。试验组奶牛瘤胃丙酸(P<0.05)和异丁酸(P<0.01)含量明显升高。本研究从瘤胃微生物菌群及短链脂肪酸角度揭示了归芪益母方对产后奶牛的保健机制。     

牛ACAS2基因的电子克隆与序列分析

本研究以牛的乙酰辅酶A合成酶2(ACAS2)基因为研究对象,利用生物信息学方法和同源序列克隆技术,对牛的ACAS2基因进行了电子克隆和序列分析,并对推导出的ACAS2蛋白结构与性质进行了初步分析。实验结果:牛ACAS2基因的cDNA序列长2 726 bp,包括了2106 bp的开放阅读框序列(ORF),54 bp的5?非翻译区序列(5?UTR)和566 bp的3?非翻译区序列(3′UTR),由702个氨基酸组成。该基因cDNA核苷酸编码区序列与人,猕猴,小鼠,黑猩猩,家犬ACAS2基因的相似性分别为91%,90%,87%,89%,90%,90%,推导的氨基酸序列与人,猕猴,小鼠,黑猩猩,家犬的相似性分别为94%,94%,92%,94%,87%。以ACAS2基因cDNA编码区序列构建的分子进化树研究结果表明,牛的ACAS2基因在人,猕猴,小鼠,黑猩猩,家犬等物种中,与家犬的亲缘关系特别近。牛的ACAS2蛋白的三级结构包含7个跨膜结构—Cutoff模体,三个比较大的分别位于169~199位氨基酸,170-191位氨基酸和326-345位氨基酸处。     

Cholesterol and short-chain fatty acids in diets for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (L.): effects on growth, organ indices, macronutrient digestibility, and fatty acid composition

The influence of dietary cholesterol (CHOL) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; sodium salts of acetic, propionic and butyric acid, 5:5:2 w/w/w) on growth, organ indices, macronutrient digestibility, and fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was investigated. Salmon (initial average weight 0.7 kg) held in seawater (7°C) for 175 days were fed one of six diets: 1, without CHOL/SCFA supplement; 2, with 0.5% SCFA; 3, with 2.0% SCFA; 4, with 1.0% CHOL; 5, with 1.0% CHOL and 0.5% SCFA; 6, with 1.0% CHOL and 2.0% SCFA.
Neither SCFA nor CHOL supplements had any significant effects on specific growth rate (SGR), mortality, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of macronutrients, total lipid content. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) was slightly increased in salmon fed the CHOL supplement ( P  < 0.05). Hepatic CHOL concentration, but not the hepatic CHOL pool, was significantly increased ( P  < 0.001) by dietary CHOL supplementation.
The fatty acid compositions of fillet and gut tissues were not influenced by dietary treatment, while significant effects of CHOL supplements were observed in faeces and liver. Less saturated fatty acids and more mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were excreted with faeces in salmon fed CHOL supplements. Salmon fed CHOL supplements significantly reduced the relative concentration of hepatic palmitic acid (C16 : 0), arachidonic acid (C20 : 4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22 : 6 n-3), while the contents of oleic acid (C18 : 1 n-9) and eicosenoic acid (C20 : 1 n-9) were significantly increased. SCFA did not influence the observed effects of dietary CHOL.
The present study shows that dietary CHOL supplements profoundly altered excretion and liver metabolism of individual fatty acids in salmon. The impact of this alteration on physiological performance has not been elucidated.     

土壤和大米中得克隆检测方法的研究

为探究对高氯代阻燃剂得克隆选择性好和灵敏度高的检测方法，采用振荡提取和加速溶剂萃取（ASE）两种方法对土壤和大米中得克隆的两种异构体残留进行提取，利用TSQ 8000三重四极杆GC-MS/MS（气相色谱质谱/质谱联用）的二级质谱检测分析，建立了土壤和大米中得克隆的残留测定方法。结果表明，得克隆的两种同分异构体syn-DP和anti-DP在试验测定条件下保留时间比较合适，线性范围分别为5.00×10^-13~4.02×10^-9 g和1.62×10^-12~1.30×10^-8g，最低检出限分别为1.00×10^-13 g和5.0×10^-14 g。对于土壤样品中的syn-DP，在试验设定的添加浓度下，振荡提取和ASE方法添加回收率分别为85.32%~91.42%和90.69%~95.63%，变异系数均小于4.64%；对于anti-DP，振荡提取和ASE方法添加回收率分别为82.45%~90.16%和88.78%~98.23%，变异系数均小于4.96%。采用ASE法，大米中syn-DP和anti-DP的回收率分别为90.56%~98.56%和90.36%~96.56%，变异系数均小于5.05%，振荡提取法回收率小于加速溶剂萃取法，分别为86.47%~90.24%和85.84%~89.61%，变异系数均小于4.53%，达到了痕量syn-DP和anti-DP残留分析方法的要求。研究表明，采用ASE和振荡提取两种预处理样品的方法，二者的回收率均能满足土壤和大米样品中得克隆的痕量残留检测分析方法的要求，且该分析方法灵敏度高、准确性好，适合土壤和大米中得克隆的残留检测。     

Short-chain fatty acids inhibit bovine rumen epithelial cells proliferation via upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 1A,but not mediated by G protein-coupled receptor 41

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in regulation of rumen epithelial growth. The mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of SCFAs on the proliferation of bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) remain unknown; however, SCFAs can bind to G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41); hence, the regulatory effects of SCFAs on BRECs proliferation may be mediated by GPR41. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of SCFAs and GPR41 on BRECs proliferation. We demonstrated that SCFAs activate the expression of GPR41 and inhibit (p < .05) BRECs proliferation, while the GPR41 knockdown (GPR41KD) BRECs exhibited (p < .05) slow proliferation compared with controls. The treatment of BRECs with 10 mM SCFAs significantly enhanced (p < .05) expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors 1A (CDKN1A), 2A (CDKN2A) and 2B (CDKN2B) and inhibited (p < .05) their transition from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle, compared with controls. Remarkably, the GPR41KD BRECs treated with SCFAs restored high level of CDKN1A, relative to GPR41KD BRECs, but did not affect (p > .05) the expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2B. The GPR41KD BRECs had significantly reduced (p < .05) cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D2 mRNA abundance compared with controls. The GPR41KD BRECs treated with SCFAs significantly decreased (p < .05) CDK4, cyclin D2, CDKN2A and CDKN2B mRNA abundance compared with BRECs treated with SCFAs. Overall, our results demonstrated that downregulation of CDK4 and cyclin D2 likely mediates the inhibitory effects of GPR41KD on BRECs proliferation. Additionally, CDKN1A plays a vital role in mediating the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on the BRECs proliferation, and that these changes are not mediated by GPR41.     

提高湖南油茶产业比较效益的策略研究

在市场拉动、科技推动和政策启动下,湖南油茶产业面临前所未有的发展机遇。但与此同时,单位面积产量低、劳动力成本高、产业化链条短、政府配套服务缺失,导致湖南油茶产业比较效益低下,在很大程度上抑制了油茶作为一项特色产业的持续发展。挖掘油茶产业的巨大潜力,迅速提高湖南油茶单位面积产量和经济效益,当务之急就是要努力实现"五化":种苗良种化,经营集约化,作业机械化,产品多样化,服务贴心化。