5个西班牙油橄榄品种苗木的年生长规律

为了解油橄榄品种年生长节律,制订相应的栽培管理措施,对引进的5个西班牙品种进行了苗高和地径的研究。结果表明引进品种的苗高和地径生长规律相同,生长曲线均符合"S"型的生长曲线,可采用Logsitic生长曲线拟合,苗高和地径在年周期中均出现2个生长高峰期,其生长高峰主要集中在6~9月份,但不同品种间苗高和地径生长量存在着显著的差异,其中品种Empeltre和Arbosana的苗高和地径生长量均高于品种Hojiblanca、Manzanill0和Cornicabra。     

佛奥油橄榄叶营养成分测定与分析

采用GC-MS、ICP-AES、杜马斯燃烧法及离子色谱-积分安培检测法等分别测定了佛奥油橄榄叶中的脂溶性成分、矿质元素、蛋白质、氨基酸等营养成分。结果显示,油橄榄叶中酯类占挥发性总成分的26.81%,脂肪酸占18.46%,1-十九碳烯和角鲨烯占1.62%,油酸酰胺占2.00%,维生素E占2.68%,可可碱6.88%,(Z)-9,17-十八碳二烯醛占5.53%;而油橄榄叶中灰分占4.9%,其灰分中Ca质量分数最高,占总灰分的30.5%,其次为K、Mg和P,不含As、Hg和Pb重金属元素。同时研究结果显示油橄榄叶中蛋白质为11.46%,粗脂肪3.0%,粗纤维占15.8%,氨基酸丰富且质量分数较高,氨基酸总量约占干物质的0.991%。尤其富含甘氨酸、组氨酸和缬氨酸,但精氨酸含量甚微。因此,油橄榄叶因其含有诸多动物所需的营养成分可为生物饲料领域提供优质饲料的加工原料。     

精深加工视野下的云南木本油料产业发展

介绍云南省木本油料产业加工现状,认为目前存在着加工方法落后,精深加工企业匮乏,产品缺乏创新等问题。藉此提出引进国外先进机器,构建机械化生产加工体系,扶持精深加工企业,打造知名品牌,研发新产品等对策与建议。     

橄榄果实的冷藏适温与冷害初报

檀香橄榄果实在２、６、１０℃下进行贮藏试验．结果表明，低温可以抑制橄榄果实的呼吸作用，延缓呼吸高峰的出现，抑制过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性，延缓果实的成熟衰老，抑制病原菌的生长．２、６℃低温下橄榄果实细胞电解质渗漏升高，当渗漏率达到５．００ｍｍｓ－１时（贮藏６０ｄ）果实遭受不可逆的冷害．１０℃贮温下的橄榄果实贮藏效果最好，贮藏６０ｄ，好果率仍保持１００％，失重率为１．９９％，肉质脆嫩，果皮、果肉、果核均未发生褐变，具有新鲜果实的原有风味、颜色和品质．建议在６－１０℃下进一步探讨橄榄果实的冷藏适温     

福建橄榄寄生线虫种类鉴定

从福建的橄榄(CanariumalbumRaeusch.)根部鉴定出植物线虫9个种:嗜菌茎线虫(Ditylenchusmyceliophagus)、光端矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchusleviterminalis)、咖啡根腐线虫(Pratylenchuscoffea)、塞氏纽带线虫(Hoplolaimusseinhorsti)、双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchusdihystera)、木亡果拟鞘线虫(Hemicriconemoidesmangiferae)、弯曲针线虫(Paratylenchuscurvi-tatus)、突出针线虫(Paratylenchusprojectus)、巴基斯坦毛刺线虫(Trichodoruspakistanensis).除双宫螺旋线虫和木亡果拟鞘线虫外,有7个种为我国橄榄上首次记录.     

Organic Farming Affects C and N in Soils Under Olive Groves in Mediterranean Areas

Under semiarid climatic conditions, intensive tillage increases soil organic matter losses, reduces soil quality, and contributes to climate change due to increased CO₂ emissions. There is a need for an agricultural management increasing soil organic matter. This paper presents the organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, C:N ratio and stratification ratios (SRs) of these properties for olive groves soils under long‐term organic farming (OF), and conventional tillage (CT) in Los Pedroches valley, southern Spain. The results show that OF increased C and N stocks. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was 73·6 Mg ha⁻¹ in OF and 54·4 Mg ha⁻¹ in CT; and the total nitrogen (TN) stock was 7·1 Mg ha⁻¹ and 5·8 Mg ha⁻¹ for OF and CT, respectively. In the surface horizon (A: 0–16·9 cm in OF and Ap: 0–21·8 cm in CT) and Bw horizon (16·9–49·6 cm in OF and 21·8–56 cm in CT), SOC and TN concentrations and C:N ratios were higher in OF than in CT. Soil properties stratification in depth, expressed as a ratio, indicates the soil quality under different soil management systems. The SR of SOC ranged from 2·2 to 3·1 in OF and from 2·1 to 2·2 in CT. However, only SR2 (defined by Ap‐A/C) showed significant differences between CT and OF. The SR of TN showed similar trends to that of the SR of SOC. Organic farming contributes to a better soil quality and to increased carbon sequestration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genetic variation in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) cultivated in Morocco

Summary Genetic variation was studied using enzyme polymorphism at 8 loci in ancient olive trees. These were being cultivated in 10 sites along a transect from North (Pre-Rif) to South (Anti-Atlas), involving the main ecological areas where the species is cultivated in Morocco. For the 328 trees studied, 16 alleles and 68 multilocus genotypes, of which one was present in more than half the individuals analysed, were detected. Eighty seven per cent of the total genetic diversity was attributable to within site variation and showed a high proportion of local genotypes. The highest values for both genotype number and heterozygosity were observed in the South of Morocco. Such high variation may be due to the partial domestication of olive material which may be derived from crosses between cultivars or between cultivars and feral or wild olive (oleaster) trees growing frequently in the Southern region. Genetic diversity in Moroccan olive, constitutes an important genetic resource which must be conserved for further breeding.     

Effect of olive-derived antioxidants (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol) on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram sperm stored at 15°C or 5°C

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of two olive oil-derived antioxidants, hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, HT) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), on ovine semen during liquid storage at 5°C and 15°C. Semen was collected, pooled, diluted and then divided into aliquots supplemented with different concentrations (5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) of HT, DHPG and a mixture (MIX) of both antioxidants. Sperm motility characteristics were assessed in the different samples at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after cooling, and a fertility trial was also conducted. The results showed that the antioxidant addition did not significantly improve total and progressive motility in ovine cooled sperm maintained at 15° or 5°C. However, in samples stored at 5°C, LIN (48, 72, 96 hr), STR (0 hr) and WOB (0, 48, 72, 96 hr) values significantly decreased in comparison with control treatment when high antioxidant concentrations were added (MIX100 or HT100). When samples were maintained at 15°C, MIX50 showed significantly higher VCL values than the control treatment after 6 hr cooling, and MIX100 showed significantly lower VCL values at 96 hr after cooling. According to the artificial insemination trial, no significant differences were observed when antioxidants were added. In conclusion, the use of HT and DHPG showed small impact in sperm motility and fertility was not affected (nor detrimentally nor positively) when insemination was carried out using antioxidant-supplemented liquid sperm.     

柠檬酸亚锡二钠抑制橄榄果汁褐变研究

【目的】探讨柠檬酸亚锡二钠抑制橄榄果汁褐变的效果,为橄榄果汁防酶褐变提供新途径,也为橄榄果汁饮料、果酒果醋的开发奠定基础。【方法】以新鲜成熟橄榄果为原料,经去皮、碎肉取汁后用柠檬酸亚锡二钠进行护色处理,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化柠檬酸亚锡二钠抑制橄榄果汁褐变的工艺条件。【结果】柠檬酸亚锡二钠抑制橄榄果汁褐变的最佳工艺条件为：橄榄果汁添加0.6%柠檬酸亚锡二钠,于40℃下处理4 h,在此条件下,橄榄果汁透光率达91.7%,柠檬酸亚锡二钠可有效保护橄榄果汁原有色泽。【结论】柠檬酸亚锡二钠对橄榄果汁具有较好的防褐变作用,可应用于实际生产。     

DNA polymorphism in the growth hormone gene and its association with weight in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT: Variation within the growth hormone gene and its association with growth trait in the olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) was investigated. Based on Southern blot analysis and using various kinds of restriction endonucleases, it was demonstrated that the growth hormone gene exists as a single copy gene in the olive flounder. Polymorphisms of various lengths were also detected by Southern blot analysis, and by the subsequent digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -amplified growth hormone gene fragment with Sau 3AI restriction enzyme. To study the possible association between variation in the growth hormone and weight, 60 progenies of the hatchery strain of three various sizes (large, medium and small weight) were selected and the entire genetic structure of the growth hormone gene was analysed. A total of 15 different genotypes was observed from the random association of six haplotypes. Significant heterogeneity of the growth hormone gene with haplotype and genotype frequencies was detected among the different-sized groups.