台湾东风螺和方斑东风螺蛋白质氨基酸组成和营养价值比较研究

测定了野生台湾东风螺、方斑东风螺及养殖东风螺肌肉干物质的氨基酸含量。结果显示东风螺肌肉蛋白质含有较丰富的必需氨基酸。干物质中水解氨基酸总量从61·14%到64·68%,总必需氨基酸含量从27·73%到29·41%,占氨基酸总量的45·35%到47·55%;呈味氨基酸含量从23·68%到26·50%,平均值为24·77%,占氨基酸总量的42·56%。台湾东风螺和方斑东风螺的第一限制氨基酸均为苏氨酸。野生台湾东风螺氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、总鲜味氨基酸及氨基酸分(64·68%,29·41%,26·50%和49·56)均高于方斑东风螺(60·14%,26·73%,24·87%和41·46),认为台湾东风螺比方斑东风螺更为优良和美味,应该加大开发其利用价值。     

尼罗罗非鱼六个性别相关标记的FISH分析

从尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）BAC基因文库5个克隆中提取和纯化含有6个性别连锁或相关标记（CLC5，GM204，GM271，GM354，UNH995和UNH104）的重组质粒DNA作为模板，以简并核苷酸为引物，通过PCR制备原位杂交探针。探针用荧光素进行标记，并与尼罗罗非鱼中期相染色体进行荧光原位杂交以确定这些标记在尼罗罗非鱼染色体上的位置和分布。结果显示，这些性别连锁或相关标记都位于尼罗罗非鱼第一对染色体长臂近末端，从分子细胞学角度验证了第一对染色体是尼罗罗非鱼的性染色体。另外由于这些标记的荧光信号在XY个体的2条性染色体上都有，一方面说明这些标记在罗非鱼上还不是性别特异的；另一方面也验证了尼罗罗非鱼的性染色体还处于分化的早期阶段。【中国水产科学，2006，13（4）：525—529】     

松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间的研究

纸层析法对松花江鲤鱼肌肉肌苷酸含量和鱼肉保鲜时间作了研究，结果表明：室温２０℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放３小时左右，肌苷酸含量达到了最高值为６．３２６±０．１２μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为９小时。冷冻－１８℃下，鲤鱼肌肉存放１０天，肌苷酸含量达到了峰值为５．９３１±０．１３μｍｏｌ／ｇ，保鲜时间为２０天。     

虾夷扇贝胚胎及早期幼虫酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的组织化学研究

采用组织化学方法对虾夷扇贝胚胎及早期幼虫内的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)进行了定位研究。结果显示:从卵细胞到D型面盘幼虫各个时期ACP和AKP都呈阳性;卵细胞中ACP阳性颗粒比较均匀地分散在细胞内,受精卵中央着色较浅;卵裂期个体较大的分裂球内阳性颗粒较多,16细胞期到囊胚期的细胞近核区域着色深;面盘幼虫可见ACP集中在内脏团和外套膜区域。卵细胞中AKP阳性颗粒主要存在于细胞中央及细胞膜附近,卵裂期、囊胚、原肠胚和担轮幼虫各个发育时期都可观察到细胞膜附近着色较深,面盘幼虫AKP活性集中在外套膜边缘和内脏团。     

温室无沙养鳖工艺的初步研究

温室无沙养鳖法是对传统的有沙养鳖进行重大改革，其主要特点是能克服底质和池水极易污染的问题，从而改善栖息环境，提高放养密度。“人工鳖巢”是一种较理想的栖息隐蔽物，有它替代河沙，排污比较彻底，洗池省工省时。试验证明，无沙养鳖法具有高产、优质、低成本，以及观察检查，饲养管理和干池捕鳖均很方便等优点。这种新工艺对稚鳖和幼鳖都适用，但它是一项综合性的养殖技术，除用“人工鳖巢”替代河沙作鳖的栖息隐蔽物外，在饲     

大型海藻的细菌降解试验

研究了褐藻酸降解菌的筛选及利用其降解海带和裙带菜的方法及适宜条件。结果表明,褐藻酸降解菌更易降解嫩海藻,其降解能力与菌液或酶液的pH、盐度有很大的关系,先培养细菌离心后降解海藻、培养细菌后不离心降解海藻、培养细菌与降解海藻同时进行这三种方式对海藻都有降解能力,但效率依次降低。     

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.     

Effects of α-lipoic and ascorbic acid on the muscle and brain fatty acids and antioxidant profile of the South American pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

The effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (LA) and vitamin C on the fatty acid (FA) composition in the brain and muscle and vitamins E and C levels in the brain were studied in the fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. A two-factorial design, where diets were devoid or supplemented with ascorbate (500 mg AA kg^− 1) and/or lipoic acid (1000 mg kg^− 1), was used. The levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n − 3, EPA) increased (P < 0.01) in muscle polar lipids (PL) in LA groups (6.93% ± 0.43 vs. 5.83% ± 0.40 and 6.68% ± 0.53 vs. 6.00% ± 0.39), and the same trend was also seen in the brain, however not significant. These changes are suggested to be caused by a change in lipid metabolism rather than being a direct effect of protection by LA against lipid peroxidation. No interaction of vitamin C and LA neither effects of LA on vitamin E (15.1-19.2 mg α-tocopherol g^− 1 tissue) or vitamin C (total AA, 41.7-89.8 μg g^− 1 tissue) in brain was detected.     

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.     

Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus

The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline were examined in kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) after intra-sinus (10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration. The shrimp were kept in tanks with recirculated artificial seawater at a salinity of 22–23 ppt. The water temperature was maintained at 25±0.6 °C. The hemolymph concentrations of both drugs after intra-sinus dosing were best described by a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t_1/2 and t_1/2β) were found to be 0.59 and 33.2 h for oxolinic acid and 0.45 and 24.7 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at a steady state (V_ss) and total body clearance (CL_b) were estimated to be 1309 ml/kg and 28.8 ml/kg/h for oxolinic acid and 748 ml/kg and 22.7 ml/kg/h, respectively. The hemolymph concentration–time curves after oral administration did not fit by the nonlinear least squares method using one- and two-compartment model with first-order absorption in either of the drugs. The peak hemolymph concentration (C_max), the time to peak hemolymph concentration (t_max) and the elimination half-life were found to be 17.8 μg/ml, 7 h and 34.3 h for oxolinic acid and 24.3 μg/ml, 10 h and 33.6 h for oxytetracycline, respectively. The bioavailability (F) after oral administration was 32.9% for oxolinic acid and 43.2% for oxytetracycline. The hemolymph protein binding in vivo was determined to be 36.7±8.5% for oxolinic acid and 22.9±4.8% for oxytetracycline.