种薯芽眼摆向不同对马铃薯性状的影响

以洛马铃薯8号为材料,设置种薯芽眼向上、向下、侧向3个摆向,研究其对早熟春播马铃薯性状的影响。试验结果表明,马铃薯薯块芽眼摆向不同对性状有较大影响,芽眼向下播种的马铃薯与常规播种(芽眼向上)相比,株高增高4.14 cm,芽眼根增多,匍匐根增加1.1条,地上茎增粗1.12 mm,地下茎增长3.68 cm,匍匐茎增加1.19条,块茎增加1.06个,产量增加272.48 kg/667 m2,而大中薯比例、商品率基本相同,绿薯率极低,品质改善。     

不同接种期对香菇L-808栽培的影响

为了探究适宜香菇L-808秋栽的最佳接种期,开展了不同接种期对香菇L-808栽培的影响试验。结果表明,丽水市9月上旬接种比较适宜,子实体产量最高,不同接种期处理对香菇子实体商品性状的影响不是很大。     

Effects of aromatase inhibitors on reproduction in male three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, exposed to long and short photoperiods

Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, males were implanted with Silastic capsules filled with different aromatase inhibitors; 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione or the non-steroidal CGS16949 A, 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrimidazol [1,5-a]pyridin-5-yl) benzonitrile monohydrochloride or empty capsules. The fish were then exposed to long or short photoperiod. Under the long photoperiod most fish in all treatments displayed a hypertrophied kidney (a secondary sexual character in sticklebacks) and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis, similar as in the natural spawning period. Under the short photoperiod the controls had unstimulated kidneys and an active spermatogenesis, whereas the males implanted with both aromatase inhibitors had stimulated kidneys, though not to the extent as in the long photoperiod, and completed, quiescent spermatogenesis. These findings suggest that aromatization is of importance for the inhibitory effects of short photoperiod on reproduction in the stickleback. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

东海北部和黄海南部鲐鱼生长特性及合理利用

采用2002年11月~2003年8月在东海北部和黄海南部区域(30°~34°N、126°E以西范围)所获取的鲐鱼(Scomberjaponicus)样品,通过观察鲐鱼耳石生长轮和基础生物学测定,研究了鲐鱼的年龄和生长;再依据不完全β函数渔获量方程,计算、分析在不同开捕年龄和不同捕捞强度下的单位补充量渔获量(Yw/R)的变化情况。结果表明,采用Walford方法拟合的鲐鱼生长方程,其生长参数K、L∞、t0分别为0.320、451.4和-1.203。比较不同时期鲐鱼的生长情况显示,20世纪60、80年代和21世纪初期鲐鱼的生长较接近,而20世纪70年代的鲐鱼生长情况与其他3个时期的鲐鱼生长相差较大。比较不同海域鲐鱼的生长情况显示,随着纬度的增加,鲐鱼的个体有增大的趋势,经分析很可能与海水温度有关。根据历史资料推算出鲐鱼的最大年龄(tλ)为9龄;根据最近的采样,推算出鲐鱼的开捕年龄和补充年龄都为0.4年,鲐鱼的自然死亡率为0.355,捕捞死亡率为2.27。利用上述参数,动态综合模型模拟的结果显示,该资源过度捕捞已很严重。若保持当前捕捞强度,则必须把开捕年龄限制在2.9龄;若能同时改变捕捞强度和开捕年龄,则可以把当前的开捕年龄限制在2.0龄,捕捞死亡率降到1.3,这样鲐鱼资源才能够得到保护与合理利用。     

稻草覆盖还田量对郴州烟田土壤温度及烤烟生长发育的影响

为进一步推广烟田稻草覆盖还田技术,2012年在湖南郴州进行大田试验,研究了不同稻草覆盖还田量对烟田土壤温度与烤烟生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：稻草覆盖影响土壤温度,6月中旬以前表现为“降温”效应,之后表现为“调温”效应;稻草覆盖可使烤烟成熟期推迟1～2 d,可改善烟株的农艺性状,稻草还田量为4000 kg／hm^2表现最好;稻草覆盖可使烟株旺长期后干物质积累量增加,对提高中上部叶的单叶重、叶长与叶宽有一定作用;稻草覆盖对烤烟单叶重、上中等烟比例和均价无明显影响,但有一定增产增效作用,以还田量4000 kg／hm^2效果最好。     

不同播期对直播稻株型及穗部性状影响的研究

通过研究淮稻5号、武育粳3号、武运粳21号等3个品种不同播期对直播水稻株型及穗部性状的影响,以期塑造直播水稻理想株型。结果表明,在海丰种植条件下,直播水稻最佳播期为6月上旬。随着播期推迟,株高下降,下部节间增长,上部节间变短;同一品种在播期推迟情况下,一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数及每穗粒数均呈减少趋势,不同品种减少幅度存在差异;在推迟播期情况下,武运粳21号、淮稻5号的株高与穗型受到的影响比武育粳3号小,产量的影响也相对较小。     

甘蔗新品种的不同种植密度试验研究

在旱坡地探索不同甘蔗新品种在不同种植密度下甘蔗农艺性状、工艺品质等方面的表现,为不同甘蔗品种在当地蔗区的合理密植提供依据。选用甘蔗新品种粤糖60,柳城05-136和福农39作为试验材料。每个品种设90000、120000、150000和180000芽/hm2四个不同的种植密度。结果表明：出苗率随种植密度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势;有效茎数、蔗茎产量随着种植密度的增大而增加;分蘖率、成茎率、茎径随着种植密度的增大而下降。在不同种植密度方面,90000芽/hm2种植密度的甘蔗分蘖率、成茎率、茎径最大;120000芽/hm2种植密度的甘蔗出苗率最大、生长速度最快;180000芽/hm2种植密度甘蔗的产量最高;不同品种方面,粤糖60产量最高、柳城05-136的生长速最快、蔗糖分最高;福农39的还原糖分最高。柳城05-136的最佳种植密度为180000芽/hm2、粤糖60及福农39的最佳种植密度都为120000芽/hm2。     

Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.     

基于改进CYCBD的滚动轴承复合故障自适应诊断方法

为实现滚动轴承复合故障自适应诊断,该研究提出了基于循环含量比-归一化谐波比例（Ratio of Cyclic Content-Normalized Proportion of Harmonics,RCC-NPH）融合指标改进的最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积（Maximum second order cyclostationary blind deconvolution,CYCBD）方法。首先,构建了RCC-NPH融合指标,解决了CYCBD算法循环频率确定依赖先验知识及遍历所有故障频率空间耗时的问题。其次,根据RCC-NPH融合指标图估计CYCBD的循环频率集,实现了CYCBD参数的自适应选择。再次,采用自适应参数CYCBD方法对输入信号进行解卷积运算,提取了不同循环频率对应的故障信号。最后,对提取的故障信号进行Hilbert包络解调分析,完成故障的辨识。利用该方法分别对仿真信号和轴承复合故障信号进行试验,均能有效检测信号中包含的故障成分,实现了复合故障的自适应诊断。与其他指标相比,该方法能够有效避免噪声和谐波的干扰,适用于复合故障诊断。