蜂毒化学成分的分离方法研究进展

蜂毒是一种成分复杂具有广泛药理活性的昆虫毒素,包括多肽类、酶类和非肽类物质。对近年来蜂毒化学成分及分离方法的最新研究进展进行综述,旨在了解蜂毒的成分研究及其高纯度组分的获取方法,为蜂毒合理利用提供理论依据和实践基础。     

Agkistrodon halys venom PCA improves hemorheology in rats with coronary artery microthrombosis

AIM: To explore the effect of protein C activator (PCA) from Wannan Agkistrodon halys venom on hemorheology in the rats with coronary artery microthrombosis(CAM). METHODS: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, CAM group, low dose (0.5 mg/kg), medium dose (2 mg/kg ) and high dose (8 mg/kg) of PCA treatment groups. The model of CAM was induced by injecting sodium laurate at dose of 1.0 mg/kg with the concentration of 10 g/L from aortic root to left ventricle. Thrombelastogram was obtained by thromboelastography instrument system. The content of endothelin-1(ET-1) and P-selectin, and the activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma were determined by ELISA. The protein expression of myocardial P-selectin and TNF-α was detected by Western blotting. The structural changes of the myocardial cells and interstitial tissues were observed under microscope. RESULTS: Compared with CAM group, clotting time and clot formation time significantly prolonged in high-dose PCA group. The alpha angle, maximum amplitude, coagulation index, and the levels of ET-1, P-selectin, CK-MB, LDH and AST in plasma were decreased. The protein expression levels of P-selectin and TNF-α in myocardial tissues were down-regulated (P<0.05). Cardiac histological observation showed that coronary microthrombi in medium-dose and high-dose PCA groups were not found. CONCLUSION: Agkistrodon halys venom PCA inhibits the formation of coronary microthrombi, down-regulates the expression of P-selectin and TNF-α, improves the abnormal hemorheology after microthrombi, and effectively protects myocardial cells.     

腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum毒液和卵巢蛋白的电泳分析

寄生蜂毒液和卵巢蛋白在寄生过程中起着重要作用,蛋白成分和性质的研究日益深入。本文主要通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)试验,分析了腰带长体茧蜂毒液和卵巢蛋白的分子量组成。结果表明,腰带长体茧蜂毒液蛋白图谱显示约有7条蛋白带介于43～100kDa之间,含量较高的三条带为97kDa、64kDa、45kDa;卵巢蛋白图谱显示约有12条蛋白带,位于30～200kDa之间,含量较高的两条带为39kDa、43kDa。并对毒液和卵巢的生物学功能进行了探讨。     

不同种松树对松树蜂毒素抗性的初步研究

松树蜂(Sirex noctilio Fabricius)是一种重要的国际检疫性蛀干害虫。目前在我国松树蜂潜在寄主范围内,不同树种对松树蜂毒素抗性之间的差异尚不明确。本文以室内栽培的2~3 a生油松、樟子松、红松、湿地松、马尾松及雪松这6种树种为供试寄主,培育3个月后分别接种毒素、毒素真菌混合液并测定每株枝条针叶的RGB值以及叶绿素含量。结果表明,形态上油松和樟子松幼苗接种毒素、毒素真菌混合液后一段时间内,均出现了比较明显的针叶枯黄、脱落的现象,且混合组长势萎蔫,脱落严重,对照组无明显变化。马尾松幼苗只有接种混合液后变化明显,雪松、红松、湿地松接种后长势强劲,长出新芽。从数值化的角度,油松和樟子松幼苗接种毒素、毒素和真菌混合液后,针叶的RGB值减小及叶绿素含量值显著降低。马尾松幼苗只有接种混合液后,RGB值和叶绿素含量才减小。雪松、红松、湿地松接种毒素以及毒素真菌混合液后,RGB值及叶绿素含量均没有明显变化。以上可以看出樟子松和油松对于松树蜂毒素、毒素真菌混合液的抗性较弱,马尾松对松树蜂毒素具有一定的抗性,对毒素真菌混合液的抗性较弱,红松、湿地松、雪松对两者都具有一定的抗性。该结果可为明确松树蜂在我国潜在的寄主范围及寄主选择性提供科学依据。     

电取蜂毒对蜜蜂群势和蜂王浆、蜂蜜生产的影响

 电取蜂毒不利于蜜蜂群势发展和养蜂生产。电取蜂毒 3d 1次 ,连续 10次 ,可使蜂蜜减产 4 5 .6 4 %～4 9.90 % ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;蜂王浆产量平均降低 4 6 .17% ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;移虫接受率平均降低31.0 5 % ,差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;但对单台产浆量、饲料消耗量、蜂王有效产卵量等影响不大。连续取毒后 11d ,对蜜蜂群势的发展影响不大 ,而 2 3d后蜜蜂群势比对照组低 12 .87% ,35d后低 2 8.81% ,差异均极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。     

蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)毒的柱层析分离及其主要组份Melittin的抗凝作用

 蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)毒通过葡聚糖凝胶G50分离为七个组份,并进行了酶活力测定和毒性测定,酶测定作了磷酯酶A₂,水解蛋白酶,三磷酸腺甙酶,一磷酸腺甙酶等。对直接溶血组份在血液凝固系统上的作用进行了体内外实验,实验表明:抗血凝固作用是由于抑制了凝血活酶的生成和凝血酶原激活物的生成。     

蛇血清抗毒蛋白研究进展

抗蛇毒蛋白是血清中的一种独特蛋白,具有较强的抗毒专一性。简要综述了抗毒蛋白的分子结构、生物学特性、作用机理及分离纯化特性等方面的研究进展。