基于现代学徒制下的高职机电设备维修与管理专业的探索与实践

高职机电设备维修与管理专业面对现代学徒制人才培养模式，存在认识不足、学生就业与人才培养方案不尽相同、缺少可操作的培养途径、实习学生的利益得不到保障、校企合作热情不高等问题。文章主要阐述了通过运用现代学徒制摸索办学，深化教学改革、满足企业诉求、优化培养学生途径等措施来完善现代学徒制人才培养模式。     

Nutrient availability and corn growth in a poultry litter biochar‐amended loam soil in a greenhouse experiment

Nutrient‐rich biochar produced from animal wastes, such as poultry litter, may increase plant growth and nutrient uptake although the role of direct and indirect mechanisms, such as stimulation of the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and plant infection, remains unclear. The effects of poultry litter biochar in combination with fertilizer on mycorrhizal infection, soil nutrient availability and corn (Zea mays L.) growth were investigated by growing corn in a loam soil in a greenhouse with biochar (0, 5 and 10 Mg/ha) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0, half and full rates). Biochar did not affect microbial biomass C or N, mycorrhizal infection, or alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities, but acid phosphomonoesterase activities, water‐soluble P, Mehlich‐3 Mg, plant height, aboveground and root biomass, and root diameter were greater with 10 Mg/ha than with no biochar. Root length, volume, root tips and surface area were greatest in the fully fertilized soil receiving 10 Mg/ha biochar compared to all other treatments. The 10 Mg/ha biochar application may have improved plant access to soil nutrients by promoting plant growth and root structural features, rather than by enhancing mycorrhizal infection rates.     

凤县休闲农业发展现状及存在问题与对策

近年来,凤县转型发展休闲农业取得了巨大成功,对其发展历程进行深入研究,可以进一步促进凤县休闲农业规范快速发展,同时为我国休闲农业发展提供范例参考。详细阐述了凤县休闲农业发展的现状,对凤县发展休闲农业的优势进行了分析,就存在的问题重点从加强政府引导、理顺管理体制、制定规划标准及加大扶持力度4个方面阐明了凤县休闲农业发展的新举措,以期为凤县在休闲农业发展中获取更大的竞争优势提供参考。     

农业种植养殖传感器产业发展分析

传感器技术是智慧农业建设中的一项关键技术,目前我国农业传感器的应用存在诸多问题,严重制约着农业产业化的进一步发展。本文对比了国内外农业物联网技术应用与集成的现状,并提出了相应的发展策略,最终提出了关于农业种植养殖产业的未来研究重点与发展方向的观点。     

欠发达地区种养循环农业模式面临的问题与对策

种养结合生态循环农业,作为解决农村环境污染、改善农民生活环境,发展绿色农业有效载体。本文以淮安市为例,详细分析了欠发达地区当前种养循环农业模式发展面临的的产业规划、标准化生产、服务组织等方面存在的问题,并就如何破解发展难题,促进种养循环农业发展提出应对的政策措施。     

山西省襄垣县有机旱作农业发展研究

襄垣县是山西省有机旱作试点县,根据其自然条件,通过总结该县有机旱作发展现状、制约因素及潜力分析,提出适宜的对策措施,为今后有机旱农业的发展提供一定的参考。     

现代机械制造工艺与精密加工技术探析

社会主义市场经济逐年发展，各行各业都在不断成长，机械制造工业也有了较大的发展，现代机械制造工艺的运用渐渐成熟。但是我国的机械制造基础比较薄弱，现代机械制造工艺与精密加工技术都需要深层的研究和实践。文章阐述了现代机械制造工艺和精密加工技术的基本情况，并分析了它们的特点，希望能够以此对现代机械制造工艺与精密加工技术有个明晰的介绍。     

Drought Tolerance and Water Use of Cereal Crops: A Focus on Sorghum as a Food Security Crop in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) faces twin challenges of water stress and food insecurity – challenges that are already pressing and are projected to grow. Sub‐Saharan Africa comprises 43 % arid and semi‐arid area, which is projected to increase due to climate change. Small‐scale, rainfed agriculture is the main livelihood source in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA. Because rainfed agriculture constitutes more than 95 % of agricultural land use, water scarcity is a major limitation to production. Crop production, specifically staple cereal crop production, will have to adapt to water scarcity and improved water productivity (output per water input) to meet food requirements. We propose inclusion and promotion of drought‐tolerant cereal crops in arid and semi‐arid agro‐ecological zones of SSA where water scarcity is a major limitation to cereal production. Sorghum uniquely fits production in such regions, due to high and stable water‐use efficiency, drought and heat tolerance, high germplasm variability, comparative nutritional value and existing food value chain in SSA. However, sorghum is socio‐economically and geographically underutilized in parts of SSA. Sorghum inclusion and/or promotion in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA, especially among subsistence farmers, will improve water productivity and food security.     

物理农业工程技术在南药发展中的应用现状

近年来，物理农业在我国北方地区受到重视，并在一些农业产业投入和运用，其技术价值和优点在生产过程已显示出来。随着物理农业工程技术在国际与国内市场的不断完善和发展，有可能成为我国第四代农业发展方向。以云南为例，分析当前南药发展现状，充分论述利用当地气候资源、地理优势及物理农业工程技术优势发展云南南药的必要性。并预测在发展过程中将要面临的各种困难，最后提出运用物理农业工程技术发展南药产业的建议。     

农业绿色高效节水领域研究现状与思考

节水农业是水资源高效利用和农业可持续发展的重大问题，对于节约水资源具有极其重要的意义。为了解当前绿色农业高效节水领域的最新研究热点和发展趋势，本文梳理总结了我国现代化节水农业领域的基础背景、研究现状以及发展态势。结果表明，“灌溉设备与技术开发”、“农业用水精量调配与控制”、“作物高效用水机理”及“农业用水对环境变化的响应”等是近年来的研究热点，并建议开展水肥一体化智能技术与管理及其对作物、土壤、环境、社会等综合效应等的相关研究，以期为我国农业绿色高质量发展提供帮助。