酸与碱处理对海带多糖提取及其抗氧化活性的影响

本试验采用柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法从海带中提取多糖组分,以总抗氧化能力和羟自由基（·OH）为衡量抗氧化活性指标,比较这两种提取方法得到海带粗多糖产率和抗氧化活性。试验结果表明：柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法的提取率分别为15.92%和6.05%,所提取的海带粗多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,且柠檬酸提取法抗氧化活性更高。 [关键词] 柠檬酸提取法|碱提取法|海带多糖|抗氧化活性     

菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌防治罗非鱼链球菌病的应用研究

为解决罗非鱼链球菌感染难题,本研究在抗菌肽菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂的基础上,对其进行了抑菌活性、稳定性和罗非鱼养殖应用研究。结果发现:表达产物菌丝霉素对常见致病菌如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和猪链球菌均有较好的抑菌活性。选用米糠作为菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌的保护剂载体,此制剂可在常温保存一年。通过上述的应用基础试验,初步建立一套菌丝霉素分泌型丁酸梭菌制剂养殖应用方案,此方案可显著降低罗非鱼链球菌病发病率58.6%以上。本研究为丁酸梭菌制剂在防治罗非鱼链球菌病应用方面提供了参考,此制剂有望替代抗生素,促进罗非鱼养殖业的持续健康发展。     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

杂交构树叶多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

为建立和优化杂交构树叶多酚的提取工艺,本试验采用超声波辅助提取的方法,以构树叶多酚得率为考察指标,通过单因素试验研究液料比、乙醇浓度、超声时间、超声温度4个因素对构树叶多酚得率的影响;在单因素试验的基础上,借助响应面法设计4因素3水平的试验方案,对构树叶多酚提取的工艺参数进行优化,建立回归模型并进行响应面分析,最终确定最佳的提取工艺参数,并进行3次平行验证;以维生素C为对照,通过测定构树叶多酚对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除率,评价构树叶多酚的体外抗氧化活性。结果显示：4个因素对构树叶多酚得率的影响顺序依次为：乙醇浓度（B） > 液料比（A） > 超声温度（D） > 超声时间（C）,响应面分析结果显示：两两因素之间存在交互作用,但交互作用不显著（P>0.05）;在液料比为70：1、乙醇浓度为60%、超声时间为50 min、超声温度50 ℃的条件下,构树叶多酚的得率最大,为13.62 mg/g,与响应面法的预测值接近;体外抗氧化试验结果表明,构树叶多酚可以清除DPPH和ABTS自由基,并且在高浓度情况下可以达到与维生素C相当的水平。综上,试验建立的构树叶多酚提取工艺准确、可行,同时证明构树叶多酚具有良好的抗氧化活性;该结果可为构树叶多酚的生物活性研究以及构树叶的药用价值开发提供参考。     

芹菜发酵液对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的保护作用研究

本试验旨在研究发酵前后芹菜汁的主要功能成分变化和芹菜发酵液对葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的防治及免疫调节作用。选取50只4周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组及低、中、高浓度芹菜发酵液组,每组10只。按10 μL/g BW的剂量标准给空白组和模型组小鼠灌胃无菌生理盐水,其他组小鼠则灌胃不同浓度的芹菜发酵液,持续7 d。从第8天开始,除空白组自由饮用无菌水外,其余组连续7 d自由饮用3% DSS溶液;在此过程,每日称量体重,进行疾病活动指数（DAI）评分。在第14天,通过摘眼球取血法获得全血,随后脱颈处死小鼠,解剖取出结肠组织测量长度并通过苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法制作病理切片,进行病理学分析。以流式细胞仪分选技术检测外周血中CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比值,以酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和IL-10的含量。结果表明：①芹菜汁经发酵后,总酸、总糖、总多酚、类黄酮、维生素C和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等多种活性成分的含量均显著增加（P<0.05）。②与模型组相比,芹菜发酵液高浓度组能减少DSS引起的小鼠体重损失（P<0.01）、结肠缩短（P<0.01）和DAI降低（P<0.05）。③组织病理学分析结果表明,各发酵液组的UC症状均得到不同程度改善,肠腺结构相对完整,杯状细胞轻微减少,仅有少量淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸入。④流式细胞仪分析结果显示,相较于模型组,发酵液组全血CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比值极显著升高（P<0.01）。⑤ELISA检测结果显示,与模型组相比,芹菜发酵液组的IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ含量极显著下调（P<0.01）,IL-10的含量极显著上调（P<0.01）。综上,芹菜汁经发酵后主要功能活性成分均得到显著提高,并且发酵芹菜液对DSS诱导的小鼠UC具有一定的防治和免疫调节作用,其作用机制可能与维持外周血中CD4⁺与CD8⁺T淋巴细胞平衡,以及抑制促炎症因子（TNF-α、IL-6和IFN-γ）表达,促进抗炎症因子（IL-10）表达有关。     

Flash flood simulation and valve behavior of Mytilus galloprovincialis measured with Hall sensors

Mussels close their shell as a protective strategy and the quantification of this behavioral marker may represent an alarm signal when they are exposed to environmental stressors. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to recover and then the resilience or inertia of valve activity after a pulsing exposition to diverse levels of salinity (5, 10, 20, and 35 PSU as reference value). The trial simulated an event of drastic and sudden reduction of seawater salinity thus mimicking an event of flash flood from intense rain. Valve gaping and movements were measured in continuous cycle for 10 days using a customized magneto-electric device which uses Hall sensors. Results showed that under normal conditions of salinity (35 PSU), the general pattern of valve movements was a continuously open state with sporadic spikes indicating a closing motion. At salinity of 5, PSU mussels reacted by closing their valves, leading to a 77% mortality on the 4th day. At salinity of 10, PSU animals were observed with closed valves for the entire duration of the exposure and no mortality occurred, they showed a significant reduction in the valve activity once the reference value of salinity was re-established. In contrast, salinity of 20 PSU did not trigger a significant behavioral response. Interestingly, there no define rhythms of valve movements were recorded during salinity challenges.     

非离子表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响研究进展

综述了非离子表面活性剂对反刍动物瘤胃微生物数量、酶活性、瘤胃发酵特性、饲料消化率和生产性能等方面的影响作用以及与其他饲料添加剂的互作效应,并就其作用机制进行了阐述。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.