Mitf-M在羊驼皮肤组织的表达与序列分析及免疫组织化学定位

【目的】克隆羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M CDS序列,比较分析羊驼皮肤组织Mitf-M的特征,进一步定位分析Mitf-M蛋白表达的位置,为深入研究羊驼毛色基因表达机制奠定基础。【方法】采用RT-PCR扩增方法分段扩增Mitf-M CDS区,分别利用Clustal X和BioEdit生物学软件对氨基酸序列进行多重序列比较分析,免疫组织化学技术对Mitf-M蛋白定位分析。【结果】羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M的CDS区由419个氨基酸组成,具有bHLH-zip转录家族的保守结构域,该基因与牛和犬亲缘关系最近,Mitf-M蛋白主要分布于羊驼皮肤组织毛球基底层细胞之间与毛乳头周围的黑色素细胞中。【结论】与其它物种相比较,羊驼皮肤组织表达的Mitf-M蛋白保守性很强,在进化过程中的变异不大,可见Mitf-M为毛发的色素沉积提供重要的物质基础。     

Primary bilateral corneal nerve sheath neoplasm in a dog

A 15‐year‐old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread‐like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine.     

Evaluation of Pax5 expression and comparison with BLA.36 and CD79αcy in feline non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Paired box gene 5 (Pax5) is a widely used B‐cell marker for human and canine non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (nHL); however, in the literature there is only one case report using Pax5 in a cat B‐cell lymphoma. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression and detection of B‐cell specific activator protein (BSAP) using a monoclonal anti‐Pax5 antibody in feline nHL (FnHL) tissue samples to evaluate its diagnostic relevance as a B‐cell marker. A total of 45 FnHL samples in 45 cats were evaluated. B‐cell lymphoma was the most common immunophenotype (51.1%) for all the samples and T‐cell the most common immunophenotype (64.3%) for the gastrointestinal (GI) form. Pax5 stained 82.6% of all B‐cell lymphomas and no expression was found in any of the T‐cell lymphomas. Anti‐Pax5 antibody staining in FnHL is similar to that reported in human and canine counterparts and may offer an excellent B‐cell marker in cats.     

孕鼠暴露双酚A对仔鼠存活率、生殖激素及相关基因的影响

为了研究孕鼠在孕期暴露双酚A（bisphenol A,BPA）对仔鼠生殖激素及相关基因的影响,试验将40只昆明孕鼠随机分为A、B、C、D共4组,每组10只。其中A组为对照组,饲喂普通鼠粮;B、C、D组孕鼠整个妊娠期（妊娠1 d至分娩）分别按每只鼠每天50、500、2 500 mg/kg体重给予BPA,待孕鼠自然分娩,观察记录仔鼠死亡情况。至仔鼠性成熟（56日龄）剖杀仔鼠,摘取睾丸或卵巢称重并计算脏器指数,HE染色观察卵巢或睾丸组织结构的变化,ELISA试剂盒分析仔鼠血清睾酮（T）、促卵泡素（FSH）及雌二醇（E₂）水平,免疫组织化学方法检测仔鼠睾丸或卵巢Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测仔鼠睾丸StAR、CYP11a或卵巢AMH、Kitlg mRNA表达。结果显示,孕鼠暴露BPA极显著增加了仔鼠死亡率（P<0.01）,显著降低了仔鼠睾丸重（P<0.05）。ELISA检测结果表明,孕鼠暴露BPA极显著降低了仔鼠T（♂）及FSH（♀）含量（P<0.01）,极显著升高了仔鼠（♀） E₂水平（P<0.01）。HE染色结果显示,随BPA剂量增加,仔鼠睾丸组织损伤严重,间质细胞减少;卵巢组织结构随BPA剂量增大,空泡逐渐增多,黄体颗粒数量逐渐减少。免疫组化结果显示,孕鼠暴露BPA增加了仔鼠睾丸或卵巢组织中Bax阳性蛋白表达,减少了Bcl-2阳性蛋白表达,显著降低了雄性仔鼠StAR mRNA表达量（P<0.05）;B、D组雄性仔鼠CYP11a mRNA表达量极显著降低（P<0.01）,而C组CYP11a mRNA表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;C、D组雌鼠Kitlg mRNA表达极显著降低（P<0.01）,AMH mRNA表达量显著升高（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明,孕鼠妊娠期暴露不同剂量BPA增加了仔鼠死亡率,扰乱了生殖激素平衡和睾丸/卵巢中相关凋亡蛋白及生殖基因表达。     

Nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in a captive jaguar (Panthera onca)

An 18‐year‐old male castrated jaguar (Panthera onca) was presented with anorexia and continuous bleeding from the oral cavity after a history of fighting with the partner animal. Clinical evaluation revealed ulcerating lesions on the gingiva and hard palate and a hematoma on the tongue. Computed tomography of the head and endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach were unremarkable. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed severe nonregenerative anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, and moderate azotemia. Several PCRs for feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M heamominutium, M turicensis), Babesia felis, and Bartonella spp., as well as an FeLV antigen test were negative. The cytologic examination of a bone marrow aspirate was consistent with ineffective erythropoiesis, most likely due to immune‐mediated destruction of the erythroid precursor cells. Prednisolone therapy was initiated (1.25 mg/kg/day), and the CBC returned to normal 16 days after the initiation of the therapy. Anemia relapsed after 4 months and severe splenomegaly was noted. A repeat bone marrow aspirate revealed active erythropoiesis in the presence of erythroid precursor phagocytosis suggesting an immune‐mediated process. Splenic fine‐needle aspiration and tissue biopsies were taken, and all findings including histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Five days later, the clinical condition deteriorated and the jaguar died. Histopathology following necropsy showed infiltration with neoplastic lymphoblasts in the spleen, liver, and abdominal lymph nodes. This case report describes a nonregenerative immune‐mediated anemia associated with a DLBCL in a jaguar.     

Neoplastic pleural effusion and intrathoracic metastasis of a scapular osteosarcoma in a dog: a multidisciplinary integrated diagnostic approach

A 10‐year‐old, female spayed mixed‐breed or cross‐bred dog was referred to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital of the University of Liverpool due to tachypnea, dyspnea, and pleural effusion not responding to diuretics and antibiotics. The chest was drained and cytology of the pleural fluid was consistent with a modified transudate with presence of atypical cells initially attributed to mesothelial hyperplasia and dysplasia. Computed tomography detected, in addition to the bilateral pleural effusion, diffuse pleural thickening, multiple pleural and pulmonary nodules, and a mineralized and lytic mass in the left scapula. Imaging findings were suggestive of a primary bone tumor with intrathoracic metastasis. Cytology of the left scapular and pleural masses revealed a malignant neoplasm highly suggestive of osteosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of a positive cytochemical reaction for alkaline phosphatase on prestained cytology slides. This finding prompted review of the initial interpretation of the pleural effusion cytology. The presence of neoplastic osteoblasts in the thoracic fluid was identified by a combination of cytochemistry, cell pellet immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy findings. In this report, a multidisciplinary integrated diagnostic approach was used to diagnose and confirm a neoplastic pleural effusion due to osteosarcoma metastasis in a dog.     

短时高温处理对意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白表达的影响

本研究采用免疫组织化学分析方法,测定了HSP70蛋白在意大利蝗卵子发生期的表达定位及33~42℃高温处理对其相对表达量的影响。结果表明,1)在卵黄发生前期,卵母细胞和滤泡细胞均表达HSP70蛋白,而在卵黄发生期和卵黄发生后期,HSP70蛋白阳性表达位于滤泡细胞;2)在33~42℃温度范围内,随着温度升高,意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白相对表达量呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;其中36℃处理组HSP70蛋白相对表达量最高,显著高于27℃对照组(P0.05);42℃处理组HSP70蛋白相对表达量最低,但与27℃对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。短时高温处理对意大利蝗卵子发生期HSP70蛋白相对表达量有显著影响,推测HSP70蛋白的表达在意大利蝗抵抗短时高温胁迫过程中具有重要作用。     

酪氨酸酶在不同被毛颜色羊驼皮肤组织中的表达与定位

【目的】研究酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)在不同毛色羊驼皮肤组织中的表达与定位,为揭示羊驼被毛颜色形成的机制奠定基础。【方法】采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测TYR mRNA在不同毛色羊驼皮肤组织中的相对表达量,采用免疫组织化学技术对TYR在羊驼皮肤中的表达进行定位。【结果】不同毛色羊驼皮肤组织中均有TYR基因mRNA的表达,有色被毛皮肤组织中TYR的基因mRNA表达量显著高于白色被毛组织的表达量;在有色被毛皮肤组织中,TYR阳性反应区主要集中于毛球部位,即毛根成形部;而白色被毛组织中,TYR阳性反应区主要位于毛根壶腹部及膨大部,即毛根永久部。【结论】综合分析TYR基因mRNA表达量及蛋白定位结果可知,TYR是成熟黑色素细胞的标记分子之一,羊驼毛色形成取决于成熟黑色素细胞在毛囊组织中的相对数量及分布部位。     

内皮素受体在不同毛色绵羊皮肤中的表达和定位分析

 【目的】研究内皮素受体A和B(endothelin receptor A and B, EDNR A and B)在绵羊皮肤中的表达与定位,以及在不同毛色中的差异比较,探讨其在绵羊毛色形成中的作用及其相关机制。【方法】以不同毛色的成年绵羊为研究对象(设黑色毛和白色毛两组),用RT-PCR法检测EDNR基因在不同毛色皮肤中的表达,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析不同毛色绵羊皮肤EDNR基因的相对表达量,采用免疫组织化学法和Western blot法对EDNR在绵羊皮肤中的表达进行定位和定量分析。【结果】荧光定量PCR结果显示黑色绵羊中EDNRA的相对表达量是白色绵羊的1.2648倍,EDNRB的则是1.8248倍;Western blot结果显示,皮肤组织粗蛋白提取物中含有EDNR蛋白,且受体A在黑白两组皮肤中表达不显著(P＞0.05),受体B在黑色组的表达显著高于白毛组(P＜0.05);免疫组化实验结果显示,EDNR蛋白在两组皮肤的表皮和毛囊中均有表达,通过光密度分析,受体A在黑毛皮肤各处细胞中的表达显著高于白毛皮肤,受体B则在除毛根鞘之外的其它两处细胞中表达显著高于白毛皮肤(P＜0.05)。【结论】实验结果提示,EDNR参与绵羊皮肤黑素细胞的生成,且两受体作用效应存在差异。     

禁食对生长期北京鸭腺胃ghrelin免疫阳性细胞的影响

本研究旨在观察禁食是否对生长期北京鸭腺胃ghrelin免疫阳性细胞生成有影响。用免疫组织化学的方法检测25、35、50日龄的北京鸭(已经禁食72 h)单位面积(mm2)腺胃组织中ghrelin阳性细胞数目。研究发现在这3个时期,不管是禁食组还是自由采食组,大量ghrelin阳性细胞多分布于腺胃深层复管状腺中;禁食组腺胃中gh-relin阳性细胞数目比自由采食组极显著增加(P0.01)。结果提示:禁食是影响腺胃产生有活性ghrelin的重要因素。