Evaluation of maternal parent and puroindoline allele on kernel texture in a reciprocal cross between two hard spring wheat cultivars

Kernel texture is an important characteristic for both the milling and the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene sequence variation and mutations to the two puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb), located at the Ha locus on chromosome 5DS, account for the majority of variation in wheat kernel texture. Other factors also influence kernel texture, including effects associated with different maternal parent backgrounds. To investigate the effect of two hard puroindoline alleles in different maternal backgrounds, a population of 228 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a reciprocal cross between two wheat cultivars ID377s (Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a) and Klasic (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) were examined in two succeeding generations (F₇ & F₈). Kernel texture was determined using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) and the RIL puroindoline haplotype was identified by the sequence-specific PCR amplification of each gene. Analysis of variance identified a significant (P 0.001) effect of the maternal parent and puroindoline mutation on kernel texture. RILs containing the Pina-D1b mutation were significantly harder than lines containing the Pinb-D1b mutation. RILs which had Klasic as the maternal parent were significantly harder than those which had ID377s as the maternal parent. When the maternal parent and puroindoline allele were analyzed in combination, RILs derived from Klasic as the maternal parent and the Pina-D1b allele were significantly harder (P 0.001) than those containing the same allele but ID377s as the maternal parent. The same occurred for RILs containing the Pinb-D1b allele, lines with Klasic as the maternal parent were harder than lines with ID377s as the maternal parent. These results corroborate the harder phenotype of the Pina-D1b allele and indicate a significant maternally-inherited contribution to kernel texture variation.     

Effects of homoeologous group 1 and 6 chromosomes of the Cappelle-Desprez (Bezostaya 1) substitution lines on aspects of bread-making quality of wheat

Summary The group 1 and 6 inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of Cappelle-Desprez (Bezostaya 1) were intercrossed along with the donor and recipient varieties, Cappelle-Desprez and Bezostaya 1, to give 36 genetically different families. The analysis of the means of these families showed that variation in SDS-sedimentation volume fitted a predominantly additive model. There were no significant within or between chromosome interactions among the group 1 and 6 chromosomes. Nor was there any evidence for interactions between these chromosomes and those of the background. Significant dominance/within chromosome interactions amongst the background chromosomes were however detected. Some of the positive effects on SDS-sedimentation were associated with increased grain hardness. Chromosome effects on % grain protein were not correlated with SDS-sedimentation.     

高赖氨酸玉米主要品质性状的配合力分析

用4个软质胚乳和4个硬质（或半硬质）胚乳的高赖氨酸玉米自交系，进行8×8完全双列杂交试验，分析了后代籽粒品质性状的遗传表现和配合力。软质胚乳亲本和硬质胚乳亲本杂交时，当代F1籽粒的胚乳硬质度表现出显著的正反交差异，以硬质亲本作母本时F1籽粒硬质度较高，但F2籽粒的硬质度无显著的正反交差异。硬×硬类型杂交后代的     

狗猪鹿牙齿的高耐磨特性对比

为解决土壤工作部件磨损严重的问题,该文以狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙为研究对象,采用摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦磨损试验,考察了狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的摩擦学性能,通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜测量磨损深度,利用扫描电子显微镜观察狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙的磨损形貌,利用纳米压痕仪分别对狗牙、猪牙、鹿牙进行力学性能试验,测试其纳米硬度和弹性模量。试验表明：狗牙釉质磨斑表面磨屑剥落严重、附着大量的细小磨粒、有明显的龟裂现象,磨损体积为1.91×107 μm3,猪牙釉质磨斑表面主要是磨屑剥落,磨损体积为1.56×107 μm3,鹿牙釉质磨斑表面也表现为磨屑剥落,磨损程度比猪牙齿的轻,磨损体积为1.39×107 μm3;牙齿的耐磨性与其硬度密切相关;鹿牙釉质的耐磨性、纳米硬度和弹性模量最大,狗牙釉质的最小。该文以动物牙齿为仿生原型,为耐磨触土部件的研发提供新的参考方向和理论依据。     

俄罗斯小麦籽粒硬度及puroindoline基因等位变异的分布

小麦籽粒硬度是重要的品质性状之一,对小麦加工品质具有重要影响.为了合理引进种质资源,培育高品质小麦品种,本研究利用小麦硬度指数测定仪JYDB100×40对引进俄罗斯小麦品种的籽粒硬度进行检测,利用STS标记和变温PCR对控制籽粒硬度基因puroindoline的主要等位变异进行分析.结果显示:208个俄罗斯引进小麦品种硬度指数范围为45.6 ～79.2,硬质麦品种为190个(91.35％),混合麦品种为18个(8.65％).Pina基因有Pina-D1a、Pina-D1b和杂合Pina-D1a/ Pina-D1b共3种类型,所占比例分别为87.02％、10.10％和2.88％.Pinb基因有Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1c和双位点突变Pinb-D1bc 4种类型,所占比例分别为37.02％、55.77％、3.85％和3.37％.统计结果显示:携带Pina-D1b+Pinb-D1a基因小麦籽粒硬度指数显著大于Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1b,Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1a和Pina-D1a+Pinb-D1bc.其他puroindoline等位变异之间没有显著差异.俄罗斯硬质麦种质资源丰富,是改善我国小麦籽粒硬度和品质的重要遗传材料.     

小麦籽粒胚乳结构性状的研究

利用扫描电镜观察了 4个小麦品种 (系 )的籽粒断面 ,分析了 2 6个小麦品种的加工品质性状。结果表明 :软麦籽粒断面胚乳薄壁细胞的淀粉粒清晰可见 ,并保持完整状态 ,胚乳结构比较疏松 ;而硬麦籽粒断面胚乳淀粉粒多数破碎 ,胚乳结构相对致密。硬麦品种出粉率、粗蛋白含量、沉淀值、面团评价值等性状的平均值均高于软麦品种 ,但软麦的水溶性蛋白质含量平均值高于硬麦品种。籽粒硬度与角质率与多种加工品质性状呈显著正相关 ,与水溶性蛋白质呈显著负相关 ,因而硬度作为硬麦指标比较可靠。试验还发现 ,参试软麦品种中有沉淀值较高的品种出现。     

多元醇对聚酯改性有机硅树脂性能的影响

通过对包括三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇及乙二醇这几种不同的多元醇合成的聚酯,利用有机硅中间体改性成膜后,对基材的附着力、硬度、柔韧性所做的探讨,可知在硅含量相同时,乙二醇的附着力最好,且柔韧性也最好,但耐热性能最差,在综合考虑的基础上,三羟甲基丙烷的性能最好。     

Distribution of Grain Hardness in Chinese Wheats and Genetic Analysis

A hundred winter wheat and 41 spring wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to investigate the distribution of grain hardness in Chinese wheats and correlations between grain hardness and other kernel traits. P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3 from three crosses, i. e. , Liken2/Yumai2, 85Zhong33/Wenmai6 and 85Zhong33/95Zhong459 were sown to study the genetics of grain hardness. Significant correlation was observed between hardness measured by Single Kernel Characteristic System 4100 (SKCS 4100) and Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy, r ranging from 0. 85 to 0.94. Chinese wheat is a mixed population in terms of hardness, ranging from very soft to very hard. For autumn-sown wheat, on average, grain hardness decreases from north to south and spring-sown wheat is dominant with hard type. Hardness is negatively associated with flour color, and its associations with flour yield and ash content differ in winter and spring wheats. Grain hardness is controlled by a major gene and several minor genes with additive effect mostly, but dominant effect is also observed, with heritability of 0.78.     

不同砂光量下展平竹板硬度及回弹率研究

竹材是粘弹性材料,在载荷条件下会产生弹性变形。以毛竹展平板材为研究对象,研究不同的竹材表面砂光量对其硬度以及卸载后对竹壁回弹率的影响。研究结果显示,随着展平竹板表面砂光量的增大,硬度先有上升的趋势,在砂光量为0.5 mm达最大值后逐渐降低;竹壁的回弹率随着表面砂光量的增大而逐渐降低,在砂光量为1.5 mm后下降趋势变缓;同时,竹壁的回弹率也随着卸载后陈放时间的延长而逐渐增大,但是增大趋势逐渐趋缓。