四种杀虫剂LC25对Q型烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响

【目的】利用刺吸电位技术（electronic penetration graph,EPG）研究Q型烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）成虫对吡虫啉、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和溴氰虫酰胺4种杀虫剂LC₂₅处理24 h番茄苗的取食行为,探明内吸性杀虫剂亚致死剂量对烟粉虱成虫取食行为的影响。【方法】以无农药暴露史的Q型烟粉虱成虫为供试昆虫,番茄品种‘粉印三号’为供试植株。通过水培生测法确定4种内吸性杀虫剂的亚致死浓度LC₂₅。在此基础上利用EPG监测Q型烟粉虱成虫取食寄主的13个非韧皮部指标和8个韧皮部指标,并对叶片刺吸孔进行显微观察。以无农药处理为对照（CK）。【结果】4种杀虫剂对Q型烟粉虱成虫的LC₂₅值为溴氰虫酰胺>吡蚜酮>吡虫啉>螺虫乙酯。在总记录时间8 h内,Q型烟粉虱成虫的取食在各处理中均产生非刺探波（np）、路径波（C）、电位下降波（pd）、韧皮部分泌唾液波（El）、韧皮部被动吸食波（E2）以及木质部主动吸食波（G）6种波形。在非韧皮部的np波次数上,溴氰虫酰胺处理的次数最多,其次是螺虫乙酯处理,两者间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但均显著高于CK和吡虫啉处理（P<0.05）。C波和G波总持续时间均为CK处理最长,溴氰虫酰胺处理最短,两处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。CK处理的pd波总持续时间显著长于4种杀虫剂处理（P<0.05）,其中螺虫乙酯处理最短,但4种杀虫剂处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。螺虫乙酯处理的F波总持续时间最长,吡虫啉处理最短,两者间差异显著（P<0.05）。CK处理韧皮部的E1波和E2波总持续时间分别为20.52和50.60 min,显著长于吡虫啉处理和溴氰虫酰胺处理对应波的总持续时间（P<0.05）,但E1波总持续时间与吡蚜酮和螺虫乙酯处理均差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】4种杀虫剂LC₂₅均引起Q型烟粉虱成虫的拒食行为,为研究烟粉虱或具刺吸式口器农业害虫对4类杀虫剂亚致死效应的拒食作用机理及防治提供了理论依据。     

三门峡红富士苹果始花期预测模型研究

为了提高三门峡红富士苹果始花期预测水平和花期冻害防御能力,本研究分析了气象因子与苹果始花期之间的关系,依据不同数据组合,利用回归法建立了4种始花期预测模型。结果表明：3月中旬平均气温、下旬平均气温、3月平均气温、≥0℃积温、≥3℃活动积温和有效积温、≥5℃活动积温和有效积温与始花期呈明显的负相关;<0℃积温与始花期呈明显正相关。降水量、日照时数与始花期之间相关性差。通过模型检验,基于≥3℃活动积温和<0℃积温模型作为最优始花期预测模型。该模型可为当地苹果花节气象服务及指导花期冻害防御提供科学依据。     

基于蚁群-BFS算法的复杂环境下农业机器人全区域覆盖研究

目的 以路径重复率为优化目标解决农业机器人在数字生态农场中的全区域覆盖问题。方法 首先,将栅格地图中的障碍物进行膨胀处理,在此基础上进行矩形分区以及分区合并操作;然后,通过改进的蚁群算法规划分区间的遍历顺序、通过改进的广度优先搜索(Breadth first search, BFS)算法规划分区间终点与起点的衔接路径,从而实现机器人全区域覆盖。2种算法的具体改进方案为：分别通过人工免疫算法与粒子群算法改进遗传算法的选择与交叉算子,并将改进后的选择算子、交叉算子、原遗传算法变异算子与蚁群算法相结合改进传统蚁群算法信息素更新方法;建立动态函数以简化BFS算法规划的路径。结果 仿真结果表明,改进蚁群算法收敛时的迭代次数较传统蚁群算法减少了83.1%,路径长度相比减少了4.8%;由改进的蚁群算法与改进的BFS算法规划的机器人遍历路径重复率是传统蚁群算法和BFS算法的56%,且农业机器人能实现对农田区域的100%覆盖。结论 本研究提供了一种农业机器人在复杂环境的数字生态循环农场中进行全遍历覆盖的解决方案。     

饥饿对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响#br#

为了给拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)苗种培育过程中饵料的合理投喂提供基础理论数据,采用投喂-饥饿和饥饿-投喂的处理方式对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹分别开展营养储存饱和点实验(PRS)和不可恢复点实验(PNR),研究饥饿对大眼幼体和Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮和生长的影响。结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS实验中,投喂时间≤2 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率为0;投喂时间≥4 d时,大眼幼体的蜕皮率和发育时间与连续投喂组(F组)无显著性差异;但投喂4 d-饥饿组(F4S组)大眼幼体蜕皮后Ⅰ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05)。大眼幼体的PNR实验中,饥饿2 d时大眼幼体的存活率仅为(30.00±13.23)%。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS实验中,连续饥饿组(S组)Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率为0,而投喂2 d-饥饿组(F2S组)、投喂3 d-饥饿组(F3S组)和F组3组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率均无显著性差异。投喂1 d-饥饿组(F1S组)和F2S组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率和个体大小均显著小于F组(P<0.05),且F1S组Ⅰ期仔蟹的发育时间显著延长(P<0.05)。Ⅰ期仔蟹的PNR实验中,除饥饿1 d-投喂组(S1F组)外,F组Ⅰ期仔蟹的蜕皮率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);各组Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的增重率与饥饿时间呈负相关,而发育时间却与饥饿时间呈正相关;饥饿时间≥2 d时,Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕皮后Ⅱ期仔蟹的个体大小明显变小。拟合分析结果显示,大眼幼体的PRS;值是3.57 d,Ⅰ期仔蟹的PRS;和PNR;值分别是0.90 d和2.01 d。研究结果表明,新蜕皮的大眼幼体必须给予充足的饵料才可确保高的存活率,大眼幼体投喂6 d后可以适当减少投喂量,短期饥饿对Ⅰ期仔蟹蜕壳和生长的影响相对较小,Ⅰ期仔蟹的耐饥饿能力强于大眼幼体。     

Comparative Analysis of mRNA Expression of Surface Antigens between Histiocytic and Nonhistiocytic Sarcoma in Dogs

Background

Definitive diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs is relatively difficult by conventional histopathological examination because objective features of HS are not well defined.

Hypothesis

Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of selected cellular surface antigens (SAs) specific to HS in dogs can facilitate objective and rapid diagnosis.

Animals

Dogs with HS (n = 30) and dogs without HS (n = 36), including those with other forms of lymphoma (n = 4), inflammatory diseases (n = 6), and other malignant neoplasias (n = 26).

Methods

Retrospective clinical observational study. Specimens were collected by excisional biopsy, needle core biopsy, or fine needle aspiration. To determine HS detection efficacy, mRNA expression levels of selected SAs specific to HS in dogs, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, were quantitatively analyzed using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Each SA mRNA expression level was significantly higher in HS dogs than in non‐HS dogs (P = .0082). Cutoff values for discriminating between HS and non‐HS dogs based on these expression levels were calculated on the basis of receiver‐operating characteristic analysis. Accuracy of the cutoff values, including MHC class IIα, CD11b, CD11c, and CD86, was 87.9, 86.4, 86.4, and 84.8%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our results suggest that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of the selected SAs could be an adjunctive diagnostic technique with high diagnostic accuracy for HS in dogs. Substantial investigation is required for exclusion of diseases with similar cell types of origin to lymphoma.     

论“科学技术是第一生产力”的社会转型效应

指出了邓小平"科学技术是第一生产力"的论断具有深刻的内涵,对于推动我国社会不断发展具有重要的作用。虽然不同的社会时期所凸显的社会问题有所不同,但社会问题的解决都离不开"科学技术是第一生产力"的正确指引。当前我国正处在新中国成立以来的第三次社会转型的关键时期,社会经济结构、文化形态、价值观念等都发生了深刻的变化,社会问题层出不穷,亟需得到妥善解决。立足于当前的社会状况并结合邓小平提出"科学技术是第一生产力"这一阶段的历史经验,重新解读"科学技术是第一生产力"这一思想有助于加快实现社会第三次成功转型,实现自然、社会与人类和谐发展。     

Mg2Si单轴应变的结构和电子性能

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了Mg2 Si半导体沿[001]方向单轴应变下的结构、力学性质以及电子性质.计算结果表明：无应变时晶格参数和弹性常数与其他理论及实验值吻合的很好.施加应变后,其与应变方向垂直的晶格常数随应变值呈近似线性变化.通过应力-应变曲线和Born力学稳定性判据,确定了Mg2Si化合物在拉伸、压缩过程中的稳定范围和理想强度.Mg2Si的电子布居和电子态密度分析,表明Si-Mg之间的显示离子键特性,并给出了在拉伸压缩过程中Mg和Si原子轨道电子对总的态密度影响.     

Vaccine-associated granulomatous inflammation and melanin accumulation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., white muscle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of variably sized pigmented foci encountered in fillets of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. The material was sampled on the fillet production line and on salmon farms from fish with an average size of 3 kg from various producers. The fish had been routinely vaccinated by injection. Gross pathology, histology, immunohistochemistry using antisera against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II beta chain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the changes. Macroscopically, melanized foci were seen penetrating from the peritoneum deep into the abdominal wall, sometimes right through to the skin, and also embedded in the caudal musculature. Histological investigation revealed muscle degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation containing varying numbers of melano-macrophages. Vacuoles, either empty or containing heterogeneous material, were frequently seen. The presence of abundant MHC class II+ cells indicated an active inflammatory condition. TEM showed large extracellular vacuoles and leucocytes containing homogeneous material of lipid-like appearance. The results showed that the melanized foci in Atlantic salmon fillet resulted from an inflammatory condition probably induced by vaccination. The described condition is not known in wild salmon and in farmed salmon where injection vaccination is not applied.     

腺病毒/甲病毒复制子嵌合载体猪瘟疫苗rAdV-SFV-E2最早提供完全攻毒保护时间的研究

本实验室前期构建了腺病毒/甲病毒复制子嵌合载体猪瘟疫苗rAdV-SFV-E2,其免疫效力与商品化猪瘟C株疫苗相同,并具有鉴别检测特性.为进一步确定该嵌合载体猪瘟疫苗最早提供完全攻毒保护的时间,本研究将rAdV-SFV-E2免疫健康仔猪(n=5),免疫后于不同时间点采用猪瘟病毒(CSFV)强毒石门株进行攻毒,并检测其抗体应答、临床症状、病毒血症、病理学及组织病理学变化等.结果显示,rAdV-SFV-E2免疫后1周和2周,分别能对致死性CSFV强毒的攻击提供部分保护(3/5存活)和不完全保护(全部存活,但出现了短暂的发热和低水平的病毒血症);免疫后3周和4周,能够完全抵抗致死性CSFV强毒的攻击,表现为无病毒血症,无临床症状,无病理变化和组织病理学变化.该研究进一步证实rAdV-SFV-E2能够作为一种新型猪瘟标记疫苗,在猪瘟的紧急防控中能够起到一定的作用.     

Does water temperature determine year class strength in New Zealand snapper (Pagrus auratus,Sparidae)?

The abundance of 1+ snapper (Pagrus auratus) was estimated by trawl surveys and was found to vary 17-fold over 7 years. There was a strong positive correlation between year class strength and autumn (April-June) sea surface temperature during the 0+ year, with the latter explaining 94% of the variability in year class strength. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but three hypotheses relating snapper growth and survival to temperature are discussed. The strengths of the 1991 and 1992 year classes are predicted to be below average and extremely weak, respectively.