棉铃虫对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抗性遗传力

 为了评估棉铃虫对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的抗性风险,在室内进行了棉铃虫对该药剂的抗性选育和现实遗传力分析。连续用甲维盐对棉铃虫选育25代,与同源对照种群相比,获得抗性倍数为2.974倍的汰选种群。采用阈性状分析方法,获得棉铃虫对甲维盐的抗性现实遗传力 (h²)为0.05218。进一步预测其抗性发展速度,假设以90%致死率继代处理棉铃虫,其抗性达到5倍、10倍分别需要18.67代和26.71代。     

食用菌中农药残留安全及风险预测

概述食用菌农药残留风险评估和预测基础研究方面的国内外进展,对于开展相关研究、控制农药残留危害、确保食用菌产品安全和贸易具有积极的意义.     

生态护坡在城市河道防护中的应用

在简述生态护坡的内涵、特征及国内外研究应用现状的基础上,分析传统护坡对自然及人类生活环境产生的不良影响,从稳定性、生态性、技术性和护坡栽种植物选择等方面,探讨设计生态护坡的原则和要点,展望此技术今后的发展方向。     

基于结构目标的水库生态调度模型与求解

传统水库生态调度中生态需水目标多采用基流方式,缺乏生物对天然水流形态和特征响应方面的信息,以致生态目标对生态系统需求的表征不够全面。因此,基于天然水流表征体系开展水库生态调度研究具有科学意义。基于黄河生态水文指标体系,提出了表征河流天然水流形态的结构化生态管理目标,并将该目标引入模型目标函数,构建了基于结构目标的水库生态调度模型,提出求解方法。通过实例研究发现,结构目标模型结果与流量目标相比,供水破坏率、生态破坏率有所增加,RVA改变度有所减少,保证出力与发电量变化甚微。可见,基于结构目标开展生态调度对恢复河流天然水流特征是可行的,且对水库原有的兴利指标影响较小。结构化目标中不同因子的权重关系对生态调度的效果影响较大,对不同河流或河段进行分时段差异化调节将是下一阶段研究的重点。     

中小型水电站投资风险防范初探

＂十二.五＂期间,在我国水电发展的新形势条件下,投资者们面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战。在水电工程投资项目生命周期的全过程中,会出现各种不同的风险,如何去防范中小型水电站投资风险,使得投资回报率最高,是目前国内企业在投资中小型水电建设项目过程中所关心的问题。然而,对于水电站投资风险的控制研究,无论从理论还是实际出发,都比较少,一般都是依靠企业或者个人的工作经验。结合中小型水电站投资建设的特点及可能产生的投资风险,提供了几种防范措施。     

Mobility and phytoavailability of arsenic in an abandoned mining area

The mobility and phytoavailability of arsenic in an area affected by the abandoned exploitation of an arsenical tungsten-tin deposit was studied to establish the current and eventual environmental risks and to propose possible remediation practices. Soil and plant samples were collected at different distances from the polluting sources and analyzed for their As content and distribution. Critical soil total concentrations of As were found, with values in the range 175-2300 mg kg^− 1. The readily labile As contents represent < 0.2% of the total concentrations, whereas the As contents more prone to be mobilized could rise up to 25%. Different phytostabilizing plants were identified, namely, Agrostis castellana (Boiss. & Reut.), Centaurea jacea L., Eryngium campestre L. and Scirpus holoschoenus L.. Such plants show important root bioaccumulation factor values in relation to the labile As contents (up to 197, 58, 201 and 88, respectively) and low translocation factor values (down to 0.170, 0.032, 0.173 and 0.036, respectively). Additionally to promote the revegetation with these plants, the species Rumex acetosella L. should be eliminated as this behaves as an index plant, reaching above-ground As concentrations up to 218 mg kg^− 1.     

Epidemiology of canine glaucoma presented to University of Zurich from 1995 to 2009. Part 2: secondary glaucoma (217 cases)

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of canine secondary glaucomas in the cases presented to the University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty (UZH) from 1995 to 2009 focusing on possible risk factors for developing secondary glaucoma in this population of dogs. Methods Information was obtained from the computer database of patients examined by members of the UZH Ophthalmology Service, between January 1995 and August 2009. Secondary glaucoma was diagnosed based on the presence of antecedent eye conditions. The data was evaluated for breed, gender, age at presentation, and for antecedent eye conditions known to cause glaucoma including anterior uveitis of unknown cause (AU), lens luxation (LL), intraocular surgery (SX), intraocular neoplasia (IN), unspecified trauma to the globe (T), ocular melanosis (OM), hypermature cataract (PY), hyphema (HY), and six other less frequent conditions. Results A total of 217 dogs were diagnosed with secondary glaucoma from 1995 to 2009. The age of the dogs with secondary glaucoma ranged between 88 days and 19 years (mean 7.7 ± 3.6 years). Data suggested a predisposition for secondary glaucoma in the Cairn Terrier and the Jack Russell Terrier breeds from 2004 to 2009. Common causes of secondary glaucoma from 1995 to 2009 were AU (23.0%), LL (22.6%), SX (13.4%), IN (10.6%), T (8.3%), OM and PY (both 6.9%) and HY (3.23%). Conclusion The report presents the epidemiology of secondary glaucomas presented to UZH from 1995 to 2009. Fourteen risk factors were recorded for secondary glaucoma. This is the first paper documenting OM in the Swiss Cairn Terrier dog population.     

藏族的草原游牧文化（Ⅳ）——藏族的生态文明、文化教育和历史上的法律

通过查阅资料,综述了藏族传统生态伦理：如一切生物都是平等的,家畜与野生动物共生存,对自身生产、消费的限制和对自然资源的有限利用。藏族对自然界的禁忌有：对山的禁忌,对水体和土地的禁忌,禁忌打猎,禁忌侵犯＂神牛＂、＂神羊＂,禁忌陌生人进入牛羊群或在牛羊圈清点牛羊数,禁食用一切爪类、圆蹄类动物肉等。藏族牧民精神上是充实的,他...     

池塘虾蟹生态养殖微孔管道增氧高产高效养殖试验

利用微孔管道增氧技术,进行池塘虾蟹生态养殖试验。结果表明,在16675m2池塘中收获河蟹2800kg,平均单产达112kg/667m2,平均效益达7500元/667m2。微孔管道增氧技术对虾蟹养殖增产增效作用明显。