Ecology of larval blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus) in the Mississippi River

Abstract –  Ecology of larval blue sucker, Cycleptus elongatus , a North American catostomid that has declined throughout its range, is poorly known because larvae have rarely been sampled. A total of 316 young blue suckers (16.0–39.0 mm total length) was captured over 3 years at 14 off-channel sites in Pool 25, Mississippi River. Blue suckers demonstrated distinct temporal and spatial abundance patterns. Blue suckers were only captured in late May/early June, and were more abundant during a year of little flooding. Abundance was correlated with the distance a site was from the main channel, being highest in island borders and island sloughs in proximity to the channel. Fish guts contained a relatively high biomass of chironomids and zooplankton, suggesting islands were providing suitable feeding opportunities. Because of their proximity to flows, slack waters provided by islands were accessible to blue sucker larvae dispersing from channel spawning areas and facilitated their development into rheophilic juveniles.     

Endocrine stress response and abnormal development in carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae after exposure of the embryos to PCB 126

To investigate whether PCB 126 exposure duringembryonic development induces an endocrine stressresponse in larval carp, eggs were exposed,containing 0.01% ethanol (vehicle-control), 10^-11,immediately after fertilization, for 48 h to water10^-10 or 10^-9 mol l^-1 PCB in 0.01% ethanol. Eggsincubated in water served as controls. After transferto PCB-free water, mortality, the incidence ofyolk-sac and pe-ricardial oedema, wet and dry weight,rate of skin pigmentation, and whole-body contents ofthe stress hormones ACTH, -MSH and cortisol weredetermined at 48, 96, 144, 168, 192 and 216 hpost-fertilization. Except for the dry weight, allparameters of animals exposed to 10^-10 and 10^-9 moll^-1 PCB increased in a concentration-related manner.However, these changes became evident only at 144 hpost-fertilization, i.e. after resorption of theyolk-sac. Swelling of the yolk sac and pericardiumoccurred, and whole-body ACTH, -MSH and cortisollevels increased. Although animals exposed to 10^-10and 10^-9 mol l^-1 PCB displayed stable but elevatedwhole-body ACTH and -MSH levels until 216 h,whole-body cortisol concentrations gradually decreasedfrom 168 h post-fertilization, and were significantlybelow control values at 216 h post-fertilization.Exposure of the carp embryos to 10^-11 mol l^-1 PCB only increased whole-body -MSH levels. Increased whole-body ACTH and cortisol levels indicate that PCBinduces a stress response in carp larvae, possiblymediated by a disturbed hydromineral balance (oedema).We further suggest that the PCB-stimulated bodypigmentation is mediated by a stimulation of -MSHsecretion.     

What are the prospects for black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) aquaculture in salt‐affected inland Australia?

Black bream are a highly regarded sport and table fish, and there has been considerable interest in their aquaculture potential for the salt‐affected agricultural regions of inland southern Australia. In many ways they are an ideal candidate species for inland saline aquaculture because they appear to be very hardy, hatchery techniques are well established for them, and high survival rates have been maintained under a variety of culture conditions and feeding regimes. However, their slow growth rate needs to be increased by at least 33% for black bream to become an economically viable aquaculture species. Growth is amenable to genetic improvement, and sub‐adult growth rate shows moderate heritability and no adverse genetic correlations with other production traits. Nevertheless fillet yield is comparatively low, and in conjunction with unpredictable and early sexual development in culture, industry‐scale meat production remains problematic. These obstacles, however, do not preclude the use of black bream as a recreational fish species for inland saline waters, where their stocking may provide an additional source of rural income and relieve fishing pressure on depleted estuarine populations.     

无源无线轮胎压力监测系统研究

轮胎压力监测系统(TPMS)不仅能作为一种预警系统,有效预防轮胎爆胎事故,而且可以降低汽车油耗,保障整车的性能与寿命,能够产生巨大的经济效益和良好的绿色环保作用。首先报告了三种类型的无源TPMS及其优缺点,着重调查了SAW技术(Surface Acoustic Wave)的谐振型和延迟线型TPMS的研究现状,指出了无源无线TPMS实用化有待解决的问题,最后展望了TPMS未来发展的主流趋势。     

极早熟玉米新品种方玉3号选育及应用研究

方玉3号是承德市农业科学研究所方华研究员于2002年杂交组配的极早熟、高产、优质、抗病玉米杂交种,2007年通过河北省农作物审定委员会审定通过(审定编号:冀审玉2007041号),2008年通过黑龙江省审定(审定编号:黑审玉2008041),是原冀承单3号种植区域的更新换代品种。     

河北省北部马铃薯早疫病菌对嘧菌酯敏感性的测定与分析

选取2009~2011年采集自河北省张家口、承德两地的74株马铃薯早疫病菌(Alternaria solani),用抑制分生孢子萌发的方法,进行嘧菌酯敏感性测定,旨在为生产上科学使用嘧菌酯提供理论依据。结果表明,嘧菌酯的EC50介于0.01~0.13μg/m L之间,平均EC50为0.04μg/m L。处于敏感基线的菌株(EC500.01~0.07μg/m L)占总数的87.84%。2009~2011年所采集的早疫病菌对嘧菌酯敏感性随年度略微有所下降,不同地区采集的菌株对嘧菌酯的敏感性也有差异。因此,河北省北部地区马铃薯早疫病的防控仍可以使用嘧菌酯,但不可盲目,并实时检测菌株的抗药性。     

两个早熟玉米新品种在黑河地区耐密性鉴定试验

为了筛选适合黑河地区种植的玉米品种,选取新选育的2个玉米新品种为试验材料,通过对不同年间2个品种不同密度下性状进行分析。同时利用不同种植密度下的表现,对小区产量进行比较分析。结果表明:2个品种随着种植密度加大,玉米各生育时期会相应推迟1~2d。在密度加大的情况下,各品种在不同时期的生育进程、株高和穗位并没有因为密度的增加而存在较大的差异。德美亚1号适宜种植密度90 000株·hm-2;边单3号适宜种植密度75 000株·hm-2。     

Effects of early cleaning on young Picea abies stands

Young Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst) are typically cleaned of non-crop species on one or several occasions during young stand stage. In order to objectively evaluate the perceived benefits of early cleaning (EC), we studied the effects of EC on three study sites 2–2.5 years after receiving the treatment. Experiments were established as a randomised complete block design with a total of 40 blocks. Although height growth and mortality were not significantly affected, we found that EC substantially reduced canopy competition and, consequently, the mean diameter of released spruce grew 21–32% faster depending on the site. Furthermore, non-crop trees that were cleared during EC had fewer sprouts in two of the three sites and the sprouts were substantially smaller than the corresponding non-crop trees on control in all sites. EC can reduce the cost of pre-commercial thinning because EC reduced the estimated time needed for subsequent management by 18–49%. Thus, EC offers forest owners and managers an economically viable young stand management option.     

企业级气象与地质灾害预警服务定制技术

在实际生产中,气象和地质灾害预报预警暴露出信息无权威性、信息分散、预报信息无针对性、信息获取和发送人工化等问题。分析了中国石油各企业的预报需求,提出服务定制模式,自主研发了气象与地质灾害预报预警平台。该平台以保障企业安全生产为目标,及时获取权威预报预警信息,经系统自动分析后,通过多种渠道快速发布专业的气象、地质灾害预报信息,实现提前12h乃至更长时间为各级管理人员提供针对本企业的预报预警信息,为企业减灾防灾和辅助生产调度等提供科学依据,从而最大限度地减少因气候变化和地质灾害带来的损失。     

开沟起垄穴直播方式对水稻分蘖前期甲烷排放的影响

【目的】研究开沟起垄式水稻精量穴直播技术对甲烷气体排放的影响.【方法】选取同步深施肥精量穴直播(30 cm)、宽窄行(35 cm+15 cm)精量穴直播和25cm固定行距精量穴直播3种直播方式,以人工撒直播、机插秧、手抛秧和人工移栽为对照,利用静态箱法测定水稻分蘖前期甲烷的排放通量.【结果和结论】对2010和2011年2年采集的数据分析结果显示,与非精量直播对照组相比,精量穴直播可以降低田间54.55%甲烷气体排放(P=0.011);不同栽种方式的甲烷平均排放通量顺序为:深施肥精量穴直播[(1.48±0.44)mg·m-2·h-1]宽窄行精量穴直播[(1.65±0.30)mg·m-2·h-1]固定行距精量穴直播[(2.57±0.56)mg·m-2·h-1]人工撒直播[(2.89±0.61)mg·m-2·h-1]机插秧[(3.77±0.64)mg·m-2·h-1]人工移栽[(4.76±0.90)mg·m-2·h-1]手抛秧[(5.33±0.84)mg·m-2·h-1].研究结果表明开沟起垄穴直播技术可以有效降低水稻分蘖前期甲烷气体的排放.