秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析

该文基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10-2,两者相较于燃煤发电（2.97×10-1）的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短（12.03年）,运营期净现值可达1 497 371元/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术（14.5年）,净现值为672 529元/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20年且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。     

不同排水体制对内秦淮河污染负荷的比较分析

排水体制和管网系统是城市基础设施建设的重要组成部分,不同排水体制对流域水环境污染存在明显差异.理论计算结果表明,在秦淮河流域分流制条件下,全年COD、NH3-N平均入河总量分别为1 057.2 t、15.9 t,其中51.0％、48.4％来源于中雨径流雨水;合流制条件下,全年COD、NH3-N平均入河总量分别为1 517.6 t、29.9t,其中82.2％、74.9％来源于大雨污水溢流.负荷比较分析结果表明,不同排水体制在3种雨型条件下,各河段NH3-N负荷无明显差异,主要表现在中雨COD负荷不同.中雨时,分流制雨水中COD负荷约是合流制溢流污水的2～3倍;而大雨时,合流制溢流污水与分流制径流雨水负荷相近.总之,分流制雨水径流污染不容忽视,合流制溢流污水污染应结合降雨强度及其他因素综合考虑.     

Intake and discharge nutrient loads at three intensive shrimp farms

This study was conducted to help provide a framework for Australian regulation of shrimp farm siting and discharges. Monitoring of farm water usage, and intake and discharge water quality was conducted at three commercial intensive shrimp farms, chosen to represent different operating environments, latitudes, cultured species and management styles. Weekly samples were taken over 3 years, for 3–12 months at each farm, to investigate intake and discharge concentrations and loads of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mean water exchange was 1.4 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 10% day^?1) at the first farm studied and 0.5 ML ha^?1 day^?1 (about 3.6% day^?1) at the others. Farm mean discharge concentration varied as follows: TSS, from 36.9 to 119 mg L^?1; TN, from 2.1 to 3.1 mg L^?1 and TP, from 0.22 to 0.28 mg L^?1. Farm mean intake concentrations were from 11% to 91% of equivalent mean discharge concentration (for TN at Farm B and TSS at Farm C respectively). Mean net discharge loads, related to area of production ponds at each farm, varied as follows: TSS, from 4.8 to 85.7 kg ha^?1 day^?1; TN, from 1 to 1.8 kg ha^?1 day^?1 and TP, from 0.11 to 0.22 kg ha^?1 day^?1. The highest net loads of TSS, TN and TP were all from the farm with the highest water exchange rate, located on a coastal river, and studied during a year of high rainfall with associated poor water quality. These results can be used to help predict likely discharge characteristics for new shrimp farms, and provide a benchmark against which to evaluate future improvements in shrimp farm environmental management.     

有载自动调容配电变压器及其动态降损节能效益分析

为验证有载自动调容配电变压器降损节能效果及其解决“大马拉小车”的机理,根据实测的动态日、月负荷数据,绘制了日、月负荷曲线;对SZ11-M-T型有载自动调容型变压器与S11普通型配电变压器的动态功率损耗进行了综合经济性比较。计算结果表明：对于峰谷用电量差异明显,峰谷负荷轮换频繁的用电区域及用电季节性集中的农村配电区域,避免普通变压器长期处于“大马拉小车”有效途径是使用有载自动调容配电变压器;相对于无载调容,有载自动调容配电变压器降损节能经济效益十分明显,使用范围更广。     

麦草酸水解制取糠醛和纸浆的研究

提出一种采用稀硫酸水解，综合利用麦草、制取糠醛和纸浆的方法。通过对水解反应影响因素的探讨．发现较优 化的水解工艺条件为用酸量20％、时间180min、最高温度110℃、液比15洗浆废水和精馏后废水的污染负荷远低于常规碱法草浆厂废水的污染负荷，且低于GB3544-92规定的造纸工业废水排放二级标准。     

Optimal Load Curtailment in Bulk Power System Reliability Evaluation

This paper studies the question for considering optimal load curtailment in bulk power system adequacy evaluation. A minimization model of load curtailment is utilized for the contingency states which may have load curtailment. In order to calculate realistic bus indexes, two practical load curtailment philosophies are incorporated in the minimization model of load curtailment, which is achieved in computer program developed for bulk power system reliability evaluation. The minimization model of load curtailment, correlated algorithms, and flow chart of program are given in this paper. The effectiveness and availability of the model are verified from two case studies.     

混凝土枕线路的钢轨伤损分析

从轨道受力状态对混凝土枕线路钢轨伤损进行了分析,列举了钢轨伤损的主要影响因素;钢轨应满足高纯净度、高强韧性的要求.     

复杂荷载作用下单轴对称开口薄壁梁柱的弯扭屈曲

采用Rayleigh-Ritz法求解两端等弯矩、横向集中荷载和均布荷载作用下单轴对称开口薄壁截面梁柱弯扭屈曲临界荷载。分析中考虑了3种常见边界条件以及屈曲前变形的影响。将本文弯扭屈曲临界荷载理论值与试验值比较，吻合较好。     

承载索许用荷重设计法研究

原传统的许用应力法,在承载索设计计算中运算繁琐,应用不便。本文提出许用荷重设计法,在抛物线理论的基础上推导出一系列计算公式,编制承载索数值表,建立起系统的许用荷重设计方法。     

胆酸负荷对妊娠后期绵羊母体和胎儿血浆IGF—2及其代谢物水平的影响

以绵羊及其胎儿为试验对象，研究了胆酸负荷对妊娠后期母体和胎儿血浆胰岛素样生长因子－2(in-sulin-like growth factor-2,IGF-2）及其代谢物水平的影响。将7只确知妊娠时间的绵羊分为试验组5只和对照组2只，试验前装置颈静脉瘘，在妊娠90h和104d2闪给试验组静脉灌注胆酸盐1．1mg/kg，给对照组静脉灌注等量生理盐水，妊娠120d时手术安装胎儿后肢胫前动脉血管瘘。每天采胎儿和母体的血样，分离血浆，测定血浆IGF－2和主要代谢物水平。同时测定胎儿出生时生长发育指标。结果表明：（1）试验组母羊IGF－2水平低于对照组，相反其胎儿IGF－2水平却高于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）试验组母羊的总蛋白和乳酸水平分别比对照组35．64％；（3）试验组胎儿出生重比对照组小29．00％，胎龄短7．50d。因此认为，胆酸重复灌注可引起妊娠绵羊早产和胎儿出生重降低，而这可能与IGF－2和主要代谢物水平变化有关。