羊驼生殖器官的解剖与生殖生理学特性

综述了羊驼生殖器官的解剖结构与发情、排卵、交配、妊娠和分娩等生殖生理学特征及生殖相关问题。雄性羊驼生殖器官主要特征是睾丸相对较小,缺精囊腺,阴囊位置靠近肛门,阴茎为纤维性类型,阴茎形成S形弯曲,交配时伸出包皮,包皮口朝后,排尿时尿流向后方。雌性羊驼生殖器官主要特征是子宫为双角子宫,子宫颈皱襞不发达,子宫黏膜结构与猪和马的相似。羊驼为单胎动物,交配诱导排卵,通常是单个排卵,即仅有一个卵泡破裂。雌性羊驼无明显的发情表现,性成熟母羊驼空怀状态随时接受交配,交配为卧式交配。妊娠率较高,妊娠与否可以通过多种妊娠检测方法来确定;自然情况下很少有难产发生,遇有特殊情况才需要助产。     

不同品种猪IFN-α基因的克隆与序列分析

根据现有猪α干扰素(IFN-α)基因序列设计引物,应用PCR技术直接从肝组织基因组中扩增丹系长白和法系长白、英系大白和法系大白猪IFN-α基因。将克隆得到的特异性片段克隆入pGEM-TEasy载体中,转化感受态细胞JM109,运用蓝白斑筛选、质粒PCR鉴定及酶切鉴定筛选阳性可疑菌株,并将筛选的阳性株进行测序。结果表明,得到了上述4个品系的猪IFN-α基因。核苷酸同源性均在97.2%以上,氨基酸同源性均在92.8%以上。     

Influence of mineral fertilizers and different soil types on nutrient leaching: Results of lysimeter studies in East Germany

A lysimeter experiment on mineral fertilizer use and soil type was begun in 1985 to study the interrelationships between the level of mineral fertilization and the leaching of nutrients. Increased application of mineral fertilizers brought about not only a significant reduction in effluence build-up, but also a significant increase in yield. The lowest levels of nitrogen leaching were found in clay-sand soil in use as grassland, and the highest in sandy soil used as arable land. Unexpectedly, the study was unable to prove statistically that a reduction in N, P and K leaching follows automatically from a reduction in mineral fertilization. Hence, suboptimal fertilization cannot be the only corrective measure if a noticeable or marked reduction in the adverse impact on water quality due to nutrient leaching is to be achieved. Interim plantings should be integrated in crop rotations. Agricultural crops must be siteadapted and suited to the fertilization regime.     

Effects of Partial Substitution of Basal Diet with Wild Buckwheat on Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Congjiang Xiang Pigs

This study investigated the effects of replacing partial basal diet with wild buckwheat on fatty acids and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscles of Congjiang Xiang pigs.Forty Congjiang Xiang pigs with 20 kg initial body weight,were randomly assigned to 4 groups,10 heads per group.The pigs in control group were fed the basal diet.In the other groups (groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ),diets were substituted with fresh wild buckwheat at 10%,20% and 30% on the early fattening stage and 20%,30% and 40% on the late fattening stage,respectively.After feeding trial,three pigs from each dietary treatment were slaughtered to determine the fatty acids and amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle.The results showed that:①The partial substitution of basal diet with wild buckwheat had some effects on fatty acids in porcine muscle.Compared with the control group,the content of linoleic acid in the group Ⅰ,the content of linolenic acid in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the content of peanut diene acid of group Ⅱ and arachidonic acid of group Ⅲ were increased by 54.69%,43.57%,62.50%,25.00% and 127.10%,respectively.The saturated fatty acid (SFA),polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)and essential fatty acid (EFA)of all testing groups were higher than that of control group (P>0.05).②The amino acids were affected in some degree by the substitution rate of wild buckwheat.The content of asparaginic acid in control group was significant lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05) and extremely significant lower than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01).The content of glycine in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groupⅠ and Ⅱ (P<0.05),higher than that of control group (P>0.05).The content of methionine and lysine in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in control group and group Ⅰ (P<0.05),respectively.The EAA/TAA in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than the other groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,partial substitution of basal diet with wild buckwheat could increase the contents of PUFA and EFA,and improve the amino acid profile of Congjiang Xiang pigs.     

湖南省不同种源山苍子主要形态及经济性状的分析与评价

为给山苍子资源的有效利用提供理论参考依据,以湖南省10个不同海拔分布区的山苍子资源为研究对象,测定了其冠幅、株高、枝下高、花朵数量、坐果率及鲜果含油率、柠檬醛含量等主要形态及经济性状指标,比较分析了不同种源地的山苍子鲜果含油率及其精油中柠檬醛含量间的差异性。测定结果表明:10个海拔分布区的山苍子其株高、冠幅和枝下高分别为3.51~5.30 m、3.90~7.15 m和0.26~0.60 m;其花期均为盛花期;每个标准枝的花朵数量间的差异较大,其变化范围为381~1 591朵;而其坐果率间的差异不显著,其均值为49.69%;其单果鲜质量间的差异也不显著,其均值为0.127 g;其鲜果含油率间的差异较为显著,其中,湘西凤凰的最高(达到3.67%),而永州双牌、郴州桂东和永州冷水滩的(分别为3.57%、3.46%和3.35%)次之;其精油中的柠檬醛含量表现有差异较为明显的3个等级,其中,湘西凤凰的最高(72.26%),郴州汝城、怀化麻阳和怀化中方的均较低(分别为65.21%、63.78%和63.56%),其余分布区的均居中等水平(68.28%~69.25%)。综合分析结果表明,不同种源地的山苍子其天然种群的遗传多样性较为丰富,山苍子鲜果含油率及精油中的柠檬醛含量间均有一定的差异性。     

沙地植被恢复不同结构湿地松林分土壤养分效应及综合评价

由于历史原因、自然因素和人为干扰，鄱阳湖区土地风沙化问题成为南方生态环境突出问题之一，为揭示湿地松在沙地植被恢复中的土壤养分效应，在江西南昌县岗上镇风沙化综合治理示范区为试验点，以不同结构湿地松林分为研究对象，并以裸沙地为对照，分别在湿地松+灌+草、湿地松+草、湿地松纯林林分及裸沙对照地内各设立3个面积为20 m×20 m的样地，调查测定不同结构湿地松林主要养分含量，并通过灰色关联度分析，对不同结构湿地松林土壤养分进行综合评价。结果表明：湿地松+灌+草能够显著提高土壤的养分含量，灰色关联度为0.923，土壤肥力最高，湿地松+草除了对土壤全钾的含量没有显著影响，对其他养分含量均有显著提高，灰色关联度为0.612，土壤肥力一般。湿地松纯林土壤的有效磷、速效钾含量显著低于裸沙地，灰色关联度为0.485，土壤肥力较差。结果表明，湿地松林+灌+草土壤肥力最高，表明湿地松林+灌+草结构的配置对改善沙地土壤养分效果较其他两种林分结构最佳。     

皖东江淮丘陵区不同水文年水稻优化灌溉制度的研究

依据安徽省天长市气象局1961-2008年多年气象资料和安徽省天长二峰灌溉试验重点站多年水稻灌溉试验成果,从不同水文年的水稻需水量、渗漏量、降雨量入手,利用建立的水分生产函数模型和水量平衡原理分析了皖东江淮丘陵区不同水文年水稻在不同供水条件下的优化灌溉制度。为准确客观评估皖东江淮丘陵区的水稻干旱损失,制定抗旱减灾工作预案,水资源的优化调度,合理的调整产业结构等提供科学依据。     

氨制冷装置用空气冷却器的改进设计

本文针对氨制冷装置用空气冷却器（冷风机）在运行过程中肋片管束不均匀结霜而导致冷却器传热系数下降的问题，提出了一种改进的设计方法，即不同管排上采用不同片距的空气冷却器设计，并对按此方法设计的一台冷风机进行了测试。实测结果表明采用此方法可有效地解决上述问题，同时此方法也为空气冷却器的优化设计提供了途径。     

东方白鹳与家禽消化器官形态特点的比较

用东方白鹳，鸡，鸭和鹅各４只，采取主要消化器官，进行常规组织学观察与测量，与家禽比较，东方白鹳食管长，无素囊，食管粘膜上皮薄，食管腺不发达，腺胃体积大，肌胃较小，小肠较短，但十二指肠发达；大肠较短，其中盲肠退化，肠壁内充满了淋巴组织；胆囊呈梭形，肝管和胆囊管分Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ三型，胰岛数量较多。     

昆明种小白鼠生长发育规律的研究(一) 几种内分泌器官的生长发育

本试验提供了昆明种小白鼠正体前叶、肾上腺(左、右)、甲状腺、胸腺、性腺(左右卵巢或左右睾丸)、腺的重量及其占体重的百分比随日龄的增长而变化的试验参数。