稻鸭共作中CH4和N2O排放规律及影响因素

稻鸭共作是目前稻田种养中的一种典型模式,其主要特点是利用鸭子在稻田内的活动,实现经济效益和生态效益的双赢。鸭子的存在丰富了生物多样性,充分利用了稻田生态位。鸭子的持续运动、觅食、排泄等活动会影响稻田温室气体甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放和全球增温潜势(GWP)。本文结合稻鸭共作中鸭子对稻田环境的扰动行为,从水体、土壤、CH_4和N_2O转化功能菌及种植技术等角度,总结探讨了稻鸭共作中温室气体CH_4和N_2O产生、输送和释放的过程与机理。针对当前稻鸭共作温室气体排放研究中存在的问题,提出了一系列建议和展望,以期为稻田种养温室气体减排的研究提供参考。     

毕节特产珍稀药材圆珠半夏的HPLC指纹图谱分析

为毕节大方圆珠半夏质量标准的建立提供参考,采用HPLC法对10批不同产地及不同采收时间的圆珠半夏进行了指纹图谱研究。结果表明:测定的10批半夏样品有23个共有峰,共有峰面积为91.6%~95.8%,相对峰面积的RSD为0.12%~0.40%;共有峰的相对保留时间从0.182~1.810min,相对保留时间的RSD在0.02%~0.10%。结论,该方法具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可用于圆珠半夏化学成分分析。     

Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

如何提高奥氏气体分析仪检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2浓度的准确度

介绍了检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2气体浓度所用奥氏气体分析仪的构造、原理、操作,提出了提高奥氏气体分析仪检测准确度的方法建议。     

可燃气体检测与报警装置设计

文章介绍了以STC12C5201AD为核心的可燃气体检测与报警装置设计.该装置用催化型可燃气体传感器将气体浓度转换为对应的电压值,然后采用A/D进行采集和标度变换,最后由单片机进行信息处理,判断浓度是否超标,并控制报警动作.     

锅炉烟气余热用于木材干燥的节能改造

针对广东某胶合板企业2台蒸汽锅炉排烟温度高,不能根据工序用热需求实现能源梯级利用的问题,提出了锅炉烟气余热利用方案。根据干燥窑干燥木材的特点,将蒸汽锅炉的烟气引入干燥窑内的换热器用于干燥木材,每年通过回收利用的锅炉烟气余热折合标煤达439t。     

红叶石楠提取类胡萝卜素的工艺条件研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验优化红叶石楠绿叶中类胡萝卜素的提取工艺条件,并用柱层析分离纯化粗提液中的类胡萝卜素。结果表明,在40℃下以丙酮∶乙醇=1∶1为提取剂,料液比1∶10,浸提时间1.5 h,类胡萝卜素含量可达51.26μg/g。该类胡萝卜素粗提液经过柱层析法初步分离纯化,纯化倍数可达1.41。     

农产品中白藜芦醇的高效液相色谱标准化测定方法研究

旨在建立同时测定花生衣、葡萄皮、苜蓿、虎杖、藜芦等农产品中白藜芦醇含量的高效液相色谱标准化测定方法。色谱分析条件如下:以Waters Atlantis T3-C18色谱柱(4.6×150mm,3μm)分离,柱温40℃;以乙腈:0.1%乙酸溶液(体积比为26:74)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长306 nm。花生衣、葡萄皮、苜蓿中白藜芦醇含量的检出限均为0.6μg/g,定量限均为2.0μg/g;虎杖、藜芦中白藜芦醇含量的检出限均为7.5μg/g,定量限均为25μg/g。方法学考察结果显示符合含量测定要求。该方法操作简便、快速,结果可靠,重现性好,可用来研究农产品中白藜芦醇的含量。     

固相萃取-亲水作用色谱法测定香菇中硫杂脯氨酸

通过对色谱条件和样品前处理方法进行优化,建立固相萃取—亲水作用色谱法测定香菇(Lentinula edodes)中硫杂脯氨酸的检测方法。优化后的色谱条件为：Inertsil HILIC 亲水作用色谱柱(4.6×250 mm,5μm)对样品进行分离测定,流动相采用乙腈-0.1%磷酸水(85∶15,v/v)等度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,检测波长193 nm,柱温30℃。前处理方法为：香菇样品采用甲醇-水(70∶30,v/v)提取,MAX阴离子固相萃取小柱进行净化处理,甲醇-1.0%甲酸(90∶10,v/v)作为洗脱剂对目标物进行洗脱。检测结果表明,硫杂脯氨酸在2~100μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,加标回收率为96.3%~101.7%,相对标准偏差在1.3%~4.8%之间,检出限为0.76μg/g,定量限为2.31μg/g。该方法回收率高、简单、快速、无需衍生化,适用于香菇子实体硫杂脯氨酸的定量检测分析。     

意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统与常规开沟犁整地效益对比分析

通过意大利瓦勒拉尼整地系统（由火车型犁和海豚型犁2种犁型构成,其中火车型犁近似水平沟式整地,海豚型犁近似大鱼鳞坑式整地）与常规开沟犁整地效益的对比试验,结果显示：同期覆土层（0～20 cm）的土壤含水量以瓦勒拉尼系统2种整地方式最高,是常规开沟犁整地的1.28倍和1.11倍。火车型犁整地的土壤容重为1.05 g/cm3,常规开沟犁整地为1.08 g/cm3,火车型犁整地后的土壤容重最小。瓦勒拉尼系统的火车型犁整地后的土壤毛管最大持水量是56.12%,远高于未整地的48.44%和普通犁整地的52.12%,分别是后两者的1.16倍和1.08倍。火车型犁整地后文冠果的地径达1.00 cm,是普通犁整地后地径0.42 cm的2.38倍;树高为0.93 m,是普通犁整地后树高0.53 m的1.75倍;保存率由59.30%提高至91.43%,提高了32.13个百分点;海豚型犁整地文冠果4年保存率则提高了13.42个百分点。