秸秆氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能的影响

本文报道了小麦秸氨化与精料添加对羔羊生产性能影响的研究结果。麦秸氨化提高了羔羊日增重、秸秆与日粮进食量及精料转化效率,但其提高幅度随日粮精料添加量的提高而减小。提高日粮精料添加水平,羔羊日增重与日粮绝对进食量提高,但精料转化效率在氨化与未氨化组呈不同规律变化:未氨化组持续提高,氨化组呈二次曲线规律变化,且“精料/增重”比最低的日粮精料水平为45％。     

高钙日粮对蛋鸡生产性能及出壳雏体内锌含量的影响

生长期日粮钙>3.11%,可使蛋鸡性成熟期明显延缓,开产日龄推迟;其蛋锌及子代出壳雏血锌和多数组织锌含量明显降低,但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变.出壳雏血锌含量能反映体内锌状态,可作为其评价指标.产蛋期高钙(6.11%)或低钙(0.83%)日粮均可使产蛋性能及孵化率降低.     

中草药饲料添加剂——蛋壳素对蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋壳质量的影响

试验选用正在产蛋的800只罗曼鸡群,分组饲喂中草药饲料添加剂——蛋壳素,对生产性能进行测定,试验结果表明,在罗曼产蛋日粮中添加0.02%的蛋壳素与对照组(不添加蛋壳素组)比较:①产蛋量提高6.41%～6.5%;②平均蛋重每枚增加0.55～1.1g;③破蛋率降低2.5%;④饲料转化率提高6.9%～7.28%。另外,蛋壳表面光滑、鲜艳、无沙皮蛋。     

儿茶素在家兔体内的药物动力学及生物利用度研究

对家兔单剂量静注和灌服儿茶素 (Catechin) 2 5mg/kg体重各 5只。用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度。房室模型分析表明静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数为 :t1 / 2α=( 0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 )h ,t1 / 2 β=( 0 .5 8± 0 .0 2 )h ,Vc=( 1 .41± 0 .0 8)L ,Vβ=( 2 .97±0 .1 1 )L ,ClB=( 3.5 3± 0 .1 0 )L/h ,AUC =( 1 6.95± 1 .5 2 )mg/(L·h)。灌服儿茶素的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 / 2Ka=( 0 .39± 0 .0 6)h ,t1 / 2Ke=( 0 .79±0 .1 1 )h ,tmax=( 0 .78± 0 .1 1 )h ,Cmax=( 3.35± 0 .1 6)mg/L ,AUC =( 7.45± 0 .94)mg/(L·h) ,F =( 4 4.1 8± 3.5 9) %。儿茶素在健康家兔体内的药动学特征是 :吸收迅速 ,达峰时间短 ,消除快 ,半衰期短 ,表观分布容积较大 ,口服摄入吸收不完全     

干湿饲喂器对仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用单因子随机设计,选取体重20kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪168头,按体重、性别基本一致分成二组,每组四个重复。试验组应用干湿饲喂器,对照组应用水泥料槽。为期30天的饲养试验表明,应用干湿饲喂器能显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量6.5%(P<0.01)、平均日增重16.9%(P<0.01)和显著降低平均料重比7.0%(P<0.01);能明显提高仔猪饲料的总能表观消化率3.9%(P<0.05)和粗蛋白表观消化率6.1%(P<0.05)。对血清中常规指标测试表明,应用干湿饲喂器能显著提高仔猪血清中碱性磷酸酶活性25.9%(P<0.05)和胃泌素含量65.8%(P<0.05)以及显著降低血清中皮质醇含量40.8%(P<0.05);有提高血清中葡萄糖、总蛋白和降低尿素氮含量的趋势。     

EM制剂对鸡的生长性能与鸡粪除臭效果的影响

探讨了EM制剂对AA鸡的生长性能以及鸡粪除臭的影响。试验对象为经过共同饲养18日龄的AA肉鸡，进行初次称重，并按其体重交叉分组法均匀分为五组(CK对照组、A、B、C、D试验组)，对照组饲料不添加EM制剂，试验组A、B、C三组添加2/1000由华南农大动科系生态实验室提供的EM制剂，D组添加2/1000台湾产亚罗康商品活菌制剂。整个实验期为22d。结果表明，EM制剂不能使鸡的增重、屠宰率、全净膛率有明显的提高，但能增强鸡对疾病的抵抗，能提高成活率和饲料报酬，明显地降低鸡粪的臭味。     

The Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Whole Sugarcane for Dairy Cows and Its Application in Substituting Alfalfa,Oat Hay and Concentrate in Dairy Cows' Diets

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of whole sugarcane of dairy cows and its effects of using it replacing alfalfa, oat hay and concentrates in dairy cows' diet on the rumen fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility, blood biochemical indexes and production performance of dairy cows, in order to open up new ways to replace the increasing prices feedstuff such as alfalfa, oat hay and concentrate in dairy cows' diets with whole sugarcane. In experiment one, the in-situ test, namely the rumen nylon bag test was used to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of various nutrients of whole sugarcane, leymus chinensis and alfalfa. Experiment two was in vivo test,repeat 3 ⅹ 3 Latin square design was conducted and Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight, parities and milk yield and permanent rumen fistula were chosen to investigate the effect of using whole sugarcane replacing 25% or 50% of imported alfalfa from the Unites States in dairy cows' diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows. In experiment three, 60 Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, milk yield and milk in lactation were selected to perform production test, which aimed to explore the effects of using whole sugarcane replacing 30% alfalfa hay, 50% oat hay or 10% concentrate on the production performance, blood biochemical indexes of dairy cows and the economic benefits of dairy farms. The results showed that：1) The effective degradation rates of dry matter (DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of whole sugarcane were significantly higher than leymus chinensis (P<0.05), and the effective degradation rates of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) were significantly higher than leymus chinensis and alfalfa (P<0.05). 2) There was no significant effect on rumen pH, NH₃-N (except 25% group at the 4 h time point) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations of dairy cows when using 25% and 50% whole sugarcane to replace imported alfalfa from the Unites States in the diet. There was also no significant effect on DMI and digestibility of DM, CP, OM and ADF, while the digestibility of NDF in the 50% group was significantly increased (P<0.05). In 50% group, the content of serum urea nitrogen in 2 and 8 h was significantly lower than 25% group and control group (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in the blood content of β-hydroxybutyric acid, rumen VFA and total VFA in each group at different time points. 3) After using 50%, 30% and 10% of whole sugarcane to replace oat hay, alfalfa hay and concentrate, respectively, no significant difference was detected in blood glucose, urea nitrogen, β-hydroxybutyric acid, the esterification of fatty acid (NEFA), and milk yield. Besides, combined with milk yield and feed cost, the economic benefits of each cow in the substitution groups increased by 3.28, 7.48 and 1.62 yuan per day. respectively, compared with control group. It can be seen that the whole sugarcane is a kind of high-quality roughage that can be used by dairy cows with high digestibility, and using it to replace 25% or 50% of imported alfalfa from the Unites States in dairy cows' diet does not affect the rumen fermentation characteristics and rumen apparent digestibility of nutrients of dairy cows. And using whole sugarcane replacing 30% alfalfa hay, 50% oat hay or 10% concentrate will not affect the blood biochemical indicators and production performance of dairy cows, and will also increase the economic benefits of the dairy farm.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对肉仔鸡粪便水分的影响

采用单因子试验设计法,测定肉仔鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)后对粪便中水分变化的影响。试验表明:感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后,鸡的生产性能受到显著的影响(P<0.05)。粪便中水分含量高于未感染组,感染后4d粪便中水分含量呈上升趋势,研究认为,粪便中水分含量的增加是球虫感染后的鸡的病理性变化的一种生理反映。在临床上,可将鸡粪便中水分含量的变化作为评判鸡感染球虫的参考指标之一。     

邵伯鸡屠宰性能测定及肌肉品质分析

利用90日龄的邵伯鸡商品代肉鸡进行屠宰性能测定和肌肉品质分析.结果显示,90日龄公母平均活重分别为1552.5克和1230.9克;屠宰率分别为89.71%和88.70%;半净膛率分别为83.31%和79.95%;全净膛率分别为71.36%和68.99%.邵伯鸡的胸肌和腿肌的pH值在宰后45分钟时,接近7,呈弱酸性.腿肌的肉色都较胸肌深(P＜0.05).胸肌嫩度显著地优于腿肌(P＜0.01),而在性别间胸腿肌的嫩度差异不显著(P＞0.05).在肌肉品质的化学性状方面,胸腿肌水分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05).胸腿肌的粗脂肪平均含量分别为1.95%和2.49%,胸肌显著低于腿肌(P＜0.01)并且在不同性别间表现为母鸡显著地高于公鸡(P＜0.01).胸腿肌的粗蛋白含量分别为25.6%和24.2%,差异都不显著(P＞0.05).腿肌干物质含量低于胸肌,灰份含量胸肌高于腿肌,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05).     

Reproductive Disorders of Crossbred Dairy Cows in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia and Their Effect on Reproductive Performance

The study was conducted to estimate the proportion of reproductive disorders and to determine factors affecting reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cows under four different production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The principal postpartum reproductive disorders were retained fetal membranes (14.7%) and uterine infection (15.5%). Anoestrus was the major postpartum reproductive problem in the mixed crop–livestock production system (38.6%) and was significantly associated with this production system. Apart from anoestrus, the occurrence of reproductive disorders was not significantly associated with a production system. Most of the reproductive disorders occurred as a complex rather than as a single abnormality. Two or more abnormal conditions were seen in 11.4% of the cases. Each reproductive trait measured was affected adversely by reproductive disorders. Cows with reproductive disorders in each production system, lactation group and suckling and non-suckling group had longer intervals from calving to first service and to conception (p < 0.001) and required more services per conception (p < 0.001). Pregnancy rate and conception to first service were 84.7% and 51.7%, respectively, for cows without reproductive health problems; and 64.2% and 15.1%, respectively, for cows with reproductive disorders (p < 0.001). Overall, intervals from calving to first service were shorter (p < 0.05) than in younger cows. Intervals from calving to first service and to conception were longer in suckling than in non-suckling cows (p > 0.05). Cows with a good body condition score (>3.5) at calving had shorter calving to first service and conception intervals than cows in poor condition (p < 0.001). The results showed that reproductive abnormalities, coupled with poor body condition, are important factors that contributed to reproductive inefficiency. An appropriate reproductive health management, a reliable artificial insemination service and supplementary feeding could be the management options to reduce or alleviate some of the problems.