Systemic antibacterial drug use in dogs in Australia

A survey of veterinarians' use of antibacterial drugs was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to Australian practitioners. Respondents were asked to indicate their general patterns of use of various systemic antibacterial drugs and drug combinations in dogs and their approach to certain specified clinical disorders. Overall, antibacterials of the p-lactam type (penicillins and cephalosporins) were most commonly used. Other antibacterials with substantial use were doxycycline, sulphonamide-trimethoprim, metronidazole, fluoroquinolones and clindamycin. Drug selection for different disorders was generally appropriate when compared with recommendations in recent texts, although inappropriate use was evident in some circumstances.     

社区群众参与体育活动的动机和原因分析

城市社区建设方兴未艾，社区体育作为社区服务的重要内容和精神文明建设的重要组成部分理应满足社区建设发展的需要。通过文献法，调查法，比较逻辑法，对社区群众参与体育活动的动机与原因进行了探讨，旨在倡导科学锻炼，反对迷信邪教，为负责社区体育的组织机构提供参考依据。     

Microbial Biomass and Activity in a Laterite Soil Amended with Municipal Solid Waste Compost

The dynamics of soil quality indicators, such as microbial biomass-C, soil respiration, and urease and acid phosphatase activities, in a laterite soil (Typic Haplustalf ) amended with different doses of Calcutta municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) were studied over 120 days of incubation at 30 °C under 60 % soil water holding capacity. The parameters were found to increase with the increase in doses of MSWC. Soil microbial biomass-C (MBC) and soil respiration activity reached peak values at 30 days of incubation and then gradually decreased up to 120 days of incubation. Urease and acid phosphatase activities showed peak values at 60 and 90 days of incubation, respectively. The increase in soil enzyme activities with the fall in MBC suggested that the release of enzymes was associated with lysis of microbial cells at the end of their life cycle. There was no indication of any detrimental effect on soil quality indicators of application of MSWC to soil.     

卷叶黄精根提取物的抗菌活性初步研究

本文对秦岭卷叶黄精(P loygonatum cirrh ifolium)不同部位的化学成分和根提取物抗菌活性进行了初步研究,结果如下:①其根、茎、叶中均含有三萜皂苷、甾体皂苷、黄酮类、蒽醌及其苷、香豆素类、糖、有机酸、挥发油、油脂、高级脂肪酸和粘液质化合物。此外,根中还含有蛋白质、氨基酸、多元酚类,茎和叶中含有内酯类化合物。②其根各溶剂萃取物中,正丁醇萃取物的抗菌活性最强,乙酸乙酯萃取物次之,其它萃取物则无明显的抗菌活性。③在所选18种菌种中,萃取物对病原菌真菌和细菌生长的抑制程度远大于霉菌。     

昆明山海棠的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

昆明山海棠是一种传统的中草药，在我国分布广泛且应用历史悠久。以往研究发现昆明山海棠含有萜类、生物碱、甙类、糖类、有机酸、齐墩果酸、多糖、β－谷甾醇等多种成分，药理活性包括抗炎、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、抗生育等。治疗风湿性关节炎、慢性肾炎、白血病、红斑狼疮等疾病疗效显著。最后又进一步证明该植物具有抗癌活性、抗雄性生育活性和抗雌性生育活性，故其具有良好的开发前景。本文主要对我国昆明山海棠在化学成分及药理活性方面的研究进展进行了简要综述。     

白花曼陀罗叶总碱提取物杀线活性及其作用机理研究

为了解白花曼陀罗的杀线活性物质及其作用机理,对白花曼陀罗叶的总生物碱进行了提取鉴定,并通过测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及乙酰胆碱含量研究其作用机理,结果表明:生物碱是白花曼陀罗的重要杀线活性物质,可抑制线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,提高线虫乙酰胆碱含量,直接作用于线虫的神经系统。     

早期限饲对肉鸡心肌易颤性和血清心肌酶活性、电解质水平的影响

艾维因商品肉鸡于 4～ 12日龄时进行 10 %限饲 ,分别于 2 5、32日龄进行心肌易颤性的评价和血清心肌酶活性、血清电解质水平的检测。结果如下 :(1)早期限饲可以提高肉鸡的输钾诱颤阈 ,表明可降低肉鸡的心肌易颤性 ;(2 )早期限饲可以降低血清心肌酶 (AST、L DH、CK)的活性 ,表明可增强肉鸡的心肌机能 ;(3)早期限饲对血清电解质水平无明显影响。本试验验为进一步阐明早期限饲降低肉鸡猝死综合征发生的机制提供了理论依据     

高温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片质膜透性及保护酶活性的影响

用耐热性不同的两个黄瓜品种为试材,以昼28℃/夜13℃为对照,研究其在高温胁迫下(昼35℃/夜20℃)细胞膜透性与保护酶活性的变化情况.结果表明,高温胁迫使黄瓜幼苗叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量积累量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、电解质渗漏率(EL)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均上升.耐热品种脯氨酸含量积累量、保护酶POD、CAT活性上升幅度大于不耐热品种,而电解质渗漏率、丙二醛含量增幅小于不耐热品种;而保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈下降趋势,耐热品种下降程度小于不耐热品种.解除逆境胁迫正常温度恢复2天,两品种各项指标值均有所恢复,且耐热品种恢复程度大于不耐热品种.     

Spatial changes and driving factors of lake water quality in Inner Mongolia,China

Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes (Juyanhai Lake, Ulansuhai Lake, Hongjiannao Lake, Daihai Lake, Chagannaoer Lake, Hulun Lake, and Wulannuoer Lake) across the longitudinal axis (from the west to the east) of Inner Mongolia. Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index (TLI (Σ)), multivariate statistics, and spatial analysis methods. The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline. Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics. Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes, with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. The values of TLI (Σ) ranged from 49.14 to 71.77, indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication, and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication. The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI (Σ). The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake, whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level. The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality. It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia, which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.