畜禽舍粪便污水及废气净化的研究

猪场污水经文中所述工艺系统处理以后,污水中的化学耗氧量(COD_Cr)达到98.4mg/L;生物需氧量(BOD₅)达到49.6mg/L;悬浮物(SS)达到51.49mg/L以下;硫化物达1.0mg/L以下:铜和铜化物达到0.6mg/L以下。畜舍中的废气净化,选择挥发性的药材制成“姜满净化剂”,能使畜舍的氨(NH₃)降解率达到73.9％,舍内含氟量为15.0mL/m³;硫化氢(H₂S)降解率达到85.8％,舍内的硫化氢浓度为2.8mL/m³;细菌降低率达到70.7％。     

采用PLS-DA分析毛火方式对工夫红茶品质的影响

为探究不同毛火方式对工夫红茶品质的影响,明确新型电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合干燥设备的毛火效果,该研究以一芽一二叶初展嫩度的"福鼎大白"品种为原料进行工夫红茶加工,设定电磁滚筒-热风耦合(Rotary pot-Hot air coupling First-Drying with electromagnetic heat,RHFD)、链板热风(Chain plate Hot air First-Drying,CHFD)、箱式热风(Box Hot air First-Drying,BHFD)、滚筒式滚炒(Rotary pot First-Drying,RFD)等4种毛火方式,比较所制茶样的茶多酚、儿茶素、茶色素、可溶性糖、咖啡碱、氨基酸等29个非挥发性指标,114个气相色谱-质谱技术(GasChromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)检测的挥发性香气指标,10个外形和汤色色泽客观评价指标,同时进行了毛火方式的热效率、生产效率、生产成本等性能指标的分析比较,通过偏最小二乘判别统计(PartialLeastSquaresDiscriminationAnalysis,PLS-DA)分析毛火方式对优质工夫红茶品质的影响,并获得标志性差异化合物。结果表明:电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合毛火处理下茶多酚和儿茶素总量显著最低(P<0.05),简单儿茶素含量较高,茶红素和可溶性糖含量、茶黄素综合指标TDE和茶色素综合指标10TFRB最高(P<0.05),毛火方式对茶黄素总量影响不显著(P>0.05);挥发性化合物总量以RHFD方式最高,RFD方式次之,CHFD方式最低;RHFD毛火方式芳香类、萜烯类等化合物含量最高。电磁内热式滚筒-热风耦合毛火升温快、温度分布均匀且稳定性好,热效率和生产效率高(分别为50.0%、220 kg/h),生产成本较低(仅0.32元/kg),预热时间仅14min;所制红茶在汤色透亮度、香气甜久度、滋味甜醇度等方面均得到提升,感官总分最高(P<0.05),达88.1。PLS-DA分析从挥发性和非挥发性角度均可将工夫红茶4种毛火方式显著区分,并分别获得了43种和18种差异化合物,结合差异性分析获得标志性差异化合物,2,4,6-三(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-甲基环己-2,5-二烯-1-酮、香叶醇、3-辛酮、水杨酸甲酯、茶黄素、茶褐素、可溶性糖、表儿茶素等,可作为区分工夫红茶毛火方式,以及定向加工甜香、甜醇、高亮等优质工夫红茶的指标物质。该研究为红茶加工基础和品质提升提供技术参考和理论指导。     

氯化锂液体除湿器的试验研究

该文分析了液体除湿的优越性及除湿机理，并对一定结构的氯化锂液体除湿器的除湿性能进行了试验研究，得出溶液入口温度和浓度对空气出口温度和含湿量影响的关系,为除湿器的设计和设备运行提供参考和指导。在确定除湿溶液入口参数时，选择的溶液入口温度要比空气出口温度低2～4℃，相应的溶液入口浓度要比空气出口参数所对应的平衡浓度低1%～3%。     

Effects of ambient air pollution on wheat and rice yield in Pakistan

Open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or chiarcoal-filtered air were used to assess the impact of air pollution on the yield of local cultivars of wheat and rice, at a site on the outskirts of Lahore. At this location, 6-h mean O₃ concentrations reach 60 ppb in certain months, and annual mean NO₂ concentrations are 20–25 ppb. The experiments showed significant yield reduction in two successive seasons which ranged from 33% to 46% in wheat and from 37% to 51% in rice. The major yield parameter affected was the number of ears or panicles per plant, although there was also evidence of small effects on 1000 grain weight and on the number of grains per ear/panicle. These results have significance in terms of the maintenance of agricultural yields as pollution emissions rise in south and south-east Asia.     

利用ECMWF再分析数据验证PRECIS对中国区域气候的模拟能力

本文利用1979～1983年的ECMWF再分析数据作为准观测侧边界条件驱动Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，验证PRECIS对中国区域的气候模拟能力。选择典型的观测站点北京模拟的日最高，最低气温、太阳短波总辐射和月均降水量与观测结果进行直接比较，显示：PRECIS具有很强的模拟地面气候季节变化的能力。全国740个台站的观测与模拟值的统计分析表明：尽管模拟的最高，最低气温在0℃附近有一‘锯齿’状的偏差，PRECIS能够很好地模拟全国范围最高，最低气温的型态分布特征；从全国范围看，模拟的降水值偏高，但显示出很强的模拟极端降水事件的能力；模拟的地面太阳短波总辐射与全国122个台站的观测结果的比较显示：PRECIS模拟的辐射值偏高，全国范围内约高22％。因此，当应用PRECIS输出结果进行气候变化的影响评价时，需要对模式的输出结果进行订正。     

科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区最高和最低气温的变化趋势

利用线性趋势分析方法初步分析了近25 a(1981-2005年)乌兰敖都地区逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、02时平均气温、14时平均气温5个气温序列的变化趋势和特征。结果表明:近25 a来乌兰敖都地区的5个气温序列均呈非连续的增加趋势;平均最高气温线性增加率最高(0.78℃/10 a),是平均最低气温线性增加率(0.14℃/10 a)的5.6倍;平均最高气温、平均最低气温各季均为升高趋势;春季增温最明显,秋、夏、冬季的增温程度依次减小;白天气温增加幅度高于夜间,表现出明显的不对称性。     

广西贺州地区温室内空气湿度时空变化研究

以温室为研究对象,探讨研究了晴天、阴天、雨天3种不同类型天气条件下温室内空气相对湿度与绝对湿度的日周期时空变化规律以及整个冬季空气相对湿度与绝对湿度的时空变化规律。为合理调控温室内空气湿度以控制作物病虫害、提高产量和改善品质提供科学依据。     

喷气网带式薄木干燥机的研制

为了满足较大规模刨切薄木、胶合板加工等生产企业对薄木干燥的需要,自行研制了BG1642-16型喷气网带式薄木干燥机。该机采用先进高效的混流式热风循环系统及S形网带,可有效地提高薄木干燥质量,节约能源,该机与国内同类产品相比可提高工作效率40%,节能30%。     

玉米热风干燥中对流换热系数和当量导热系数的确定

以玉米作为热风干燥物料，在垂直热吹风干燥实验中，建立了干燥速率与对流换热系数的关系式。提出了由干燥速率来确定热风与玉米的对流换热系数，进而求取厚层玉米当量导热系数的实验方法     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.