中国风水侵蚀交错区分布特征分析

风水侵蚀交错带的研究 ,对景观、土地覆盖 /土地利用、全球变化等研究具有重要意义。论文以GIS技术为支撑 ,定量计算出我国风水侵蚀带。在分布特征上 ,主要分布我国北方地区 ,其中以西部沙漠 ,北部山脉沿线为重 ,这种分布与气候、地貌分界有明显联系。 49.6 %风水侵蚀复合带的降水量小于 2 0 0mm。风水侵蚀复合带的土地利用主要以草地为主 ,占 41.8% ,其次为耕地。两种类型的分布 ,草地以与其它土地利用类型交错分布为主 ;而耕地是有重心的分散分布。风水侵蚀复合带的总体侵蚀要强于全国水平。     

干旱区自然灾害监测预警系统的一般模式——以塔里木盆地为例

我国西部干旱区生态环境脆弱 ,自然灾害频繁。塔里木盆地是我国最大的内陆盆地 ,干旱、大风、沙尘暴、洪水、泥石流以及地震、雪灾等自然灾害 ,严重地影响到盆地的生态安全。在RS、GIS及 GPS等技术支持下 ,研究各自然灾害的孕灾机理及过程 ,建立自然灾害的监测评价及预警系统 ,对于塔里木盆地生态环境建设具有重要意义。     

等值线制图工具 Surfer在病虫测报上的应用研究

Surfer系统是美国金软公司开发的专门制作等值线的工具。1997年以来,笔者对其运用于稻飞虱等农作物病虫害的监测方面作了探讨和开发。阐述了病虫分布图的绘制和遮盖图编制的过程和方法。     

基于GIS的中国小麦条锈病菌越夏区气候区划

 基于多年的气象数据(1980~2001年),首次从制约小麦条锈病菌越夏的温度因子入手,结合寄主小麦因素,利用地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS),对我国小麦条锈病菌越夏区进行较详细的气候区划。本研究从温度条件上明确了全国适合小麦条锈病菌越夏的范围。研究表明,在我国小麦种植区适合小麦条锈病菌越夏的范围很广。其中甘肃、四川、云南、陕西境内适合越夏的地区是连成一片的,甘肃东部除了西边的几个县外其它地方7、8月份最高一旬均温在20~23℃,条锈病菌越夏困难;西藏、青海境内的小麦种植区几乎都适合小麦条锈病菌越夏;贵州境内适合越夏的地区可能和云南越夏区是一个整体。云南适合越夏的地区甚广,且地形复杂,需要进一步调查研究。     

基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析

在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS环境下 ,将祁连山区DEM图和坡向图分别同植被图叠加 ,分析研究区各景观组分在空间的分布特征 ;用定量分析景观结构和景观格局程序Fragstats计算景观和各景观组分的相关指数 ,分析其连通性、完整性、破碎化程度及聚集程度。结果表明 :研究区各景观组分分布受海拔高度和坡向的影响非常明显。各景观组分的完整性、连通性和破碎化程度也很不均衡。草地是研究区面积最大、连通性和完整性最好的景观组分 ;青海云杉林呈斑块状或带状分布在阴坡和半阴坡 ,形状最为不规则 ,平均斑块面积小且距离近 ,易受干扰而发生重大变化 ;宜林地和祁连圆柏林相对于农田、疏林地有较强的扩张特征 ;而杨类阔叶林各斑块间相隔距离大 ,斑块之间的邻接性差 ,破碎化程度最为严重。     

Pocono mesic till barrens in retreat: topography,fire and forest contagion effects

The Pocono mesic till barrens (PMTB) are a unique assemblage of fire-maintained shrub communities that support numerous rare species. Historically these barrens covered a large area in the vicinity of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, USA. However, due largely to regional fire suppression instituted in the early 1960s, over 70% of the area covered by barrens succeeded to fire-intolerant forest that does not support the rare species. We investigated the influence of forest proximity on barrens succession across three geomorphic types during periods of high fire frequency and fire suppression, testing the hypothesis that forest processes such as seed rain, shading, and detrital enrichment of soils enhances barrens succession through a contagion effect. Evidence of a forest contagion effect should be shown by increased rates of barrens succession with increasing proximity to the nearest forest edge. In order to detect a forest contagion effect, barrens persistence and barrens succession were modeled in proximity zones of 0-50 m, 50-100 m, 100-200 m, and greater than 200 m from the nearest forest edge. We used existing GIS data layers for fire, geomorphology, and vegetation distribution in 1938, 1963, and 1992. The layers were modified and overlain using ArcView software to determine persistence and succession rates for each unique combination of layers in each proximity zone from 1938 to 1963 (pre-fire suppression) and 1963 to 1992 (post-fire suppression). ANCOVA results indicate that proximity to the nearest forest edge significantly affected barrens persistence rates in both time periods, but succession rates were significantly affected in 1938 to 1963 only. Twenty-eight percent of the 1938 barrens succeeded to forest by 1963; 56% of the 1963 barrens became forest by 1992. Results support previous findings that barrens persistence is enhanced by increased fire frequency, and that barrens persist longer where they overlie flat glacial till than on other geomorphology types.     

基于GIS的丹东地区柞蚕农业气候区划

根据当地柞蚕实际生产与气象条件的关系,确定了柞蚕生产的农业气候区划指标.运用丹东地区1:250000地形数据和丹东及周边地区气象站30年的气候资料,建立区划指标小网格推算模型,应用GIS技术对丹东地区柞蚕生产进行气候区划,将该区划分为气候最适宜区、气候适宜区、气候次适宜区和气候不适宜区,为丹东柞蚕生产的合理布局和发展提供参考依据.     

GIS技术在农业信息化中的应用

气候、资源和水土等地理信息是农业发展的重要影响因素,通过GIS技术分析复杂多变的地理信息,可以进行有效的信息管理、分辨和测试。阐述了GIS技术的概念及其在农业信息化中的应用,并对GIS技术发展前景进行了展望。     

中国东北漫川漫岗典型黑土区沟道侵蚀特征

[目的] 通过对450 km²黑土区进行实测调查，旨在评估研究区沟道侵蚀现状。[方法] 选取沟道侵蚀严重的450 km²的漫川漫岗黑土区为调查区域，首先在谷歌卫星影像上进行侵蚀沟识别和定位，再对侵蚀沟立体形态进行实地测量。[结果] ①研究区土地利用以耕地为主，耕地、建设用地、林地、草地分别占研究区总面积的85%，8%，6%，1%。②研究区坡耕地占86%，坡度0.25°~3.0°占64%，大于5°的占12%。③共有侵蚀沟1 049条，其中耕地中侵蚀沟577条，占总侵蚀沟条数的55%；沟壑密度1.2 km/km²，按沟壑密度衡量沟蚀强度为中度；沟壑面积比例为2.89%，以此界定沟蚀强度为剧烈。④研究区侵蚀沟平均长度、宽度、深度和面积分别为996，13.1，2.7 m和2.4 hm²。[结论] 漫川漫岗黑土区沟道侵蚀严重，主要危害坡耕地，但侵蚀沟相对较小，易于治理。     

A comprehensive study on occurrence records of African neglected and underutilized weed species,Cleome gynandra L. (cat's whiskers) validating the ecogeographical range expansion in West Bengal,India

Cleome gynandra L., commonly known as cat's whiskers, is an erect, branched, annual herb, belonging to the family Cleomaceae. The species is thought to have originated in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia, and thereafter have spread to other tropical and subtropical countries in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Cat's whiskers is a highly nutritious vegetable and also possesses numerous medicinal values, yet it is considered as a neglected and underutilized weed species (NUS) in most of the world. In India, C. gynandra is recorded in Assam, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. There is no earlier report of this species in West Bengal, India. This report is the first record of natural occurrence of C. gynandra in West Bengal, India. The main objective of this report is to provide valid information about the invasion and naturalization of this species in a new geographical area supported with suitable data. Global distribution data of cat's whiskers was retrieved from available web resources and mapped using Quantum GIS software in order to validate the de novo nature of occurrence of this species in this region.