秋水仙素处理日本矮紫薇种子变异的初步研究

用0.05％、0.10％、0.15％3种不同浓度秋水仙素和24、48、72 h 3个不同处理时间,对日本矮紫薇种子发芽性状和幼苗生长性状进行研究.结果表明:0.05％、0.10％、0.15％浓度秋水仙素处理日本紫薇种子24、48、72 h,随着秋水仙素浓度的增加和处理时间的延长其种子发芽率、发芽势、出苗率均有降低的现象,0.15％浓度秋水仙素溶液处理的日本矮紫薇种子72 h时出苗率低于10％.随着秋水仙素处理浓度和时间的延长,幼苗生长表现出矮化、根部变短、叶片变厚的趋势.该研究获得了3株矮化的变异植株及2株株型变异的幼苗,对日本矮紫薇突变体产生、筛选及良种选育提供了基础.     

改进Canny算法在再制造视觉检测中的应用

为了提高再制造生产过程中对废旧零件检测分类的效率,本文将视觉检测应用于再制造生产过程,提出把图像的边缘信息作为零件分类的重要依据。通过分析传统Canny算子存在的缺陷,本文引进了开关型中值滤波,弥补了高斯滤波抑制噪声能力差的缺点;并用OTSU自适应求取阈值,避免了传统Canny算法中对阈值的人工调整。实验结果表明,该方法能够获得清晰完整的边缘轮廓,可以用于再制造生产过程中对零件的检测分类,并有较高的效率。     

Shifts in microbial diversity through land use intensity as drivers of carbon mineralization in soil

Land use practices alter the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of land management intensity on soil microbial diversity (i.e. richness and evenness) and consequences for functioning is still poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question by coupling molecular characterization of microbial diversity with measurements of carbon (C) mineralization in soils obtained from three locations across Europe, each representing a gradient of land management intensity under different soil and environmental conditions. Bacterial and fungal diversity were characterized by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes. Carbon cycling activities (i.e., mineralization of autochthonous soil organic matter, mineralization of allochthonous plant residues) were measured by quantifying ¹²C- and ¹³C-CO₂ release after soils had been amended, or not, with ¹³C-labelled wheat residues. Variation partitioning analysis was used to rank biological and physicochemical soil parameters according to their relative contribution to these activities. Across all three locations, microbial diversity was greatest at intermediate levels of land use intensity, indicating that optimal management of soil microbial diversity might not be achieved under the least intensive agriculture. Microbial richness was the best predictor of the C-cycling activities, with bacterial and fungal richness explaining 32.2 and 17% of the intensity of autochthonous soil organic matter mineralization; and fungal richness explaining 77% of the intensity of wheat residues mineralization. Altogether, our results provide evidence that there is scope for improvement in soil management to enhance microbial biodiversity and optimize C transformations mediated by microbial communities in soil.     

硫酸铜对泥鳅精子活力的影响

以泥鳅精子为受试材料,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统,研究硫酸铜(0.1、1、10 mg/L)对泥鳅的精子活力的影响.结果表明,在0 h试验组,0.1 mg/L的硫酸铜明显降低泥鳅精子运动速度,1 mg/L的硫酸铜对运动时间和速度产生显著抑制作用,10 mg/L的硫酸铜时运动百分数、运动时间和速度都产生明显影响(P<0.0...     

山东栒子全长转录组测序数据组装及功能注释

山东栒子是中国山东省的特有种,现已处于极度濒危状态。目前,山东栒子的分子生物学研究较少,基因数据库资源极度缺乏,急需探究其生物学遗传信息,以加快对山东栒子的保护遗传学工作。本研究以山东栒子叶片、花、成熟果实为实验材料,利用PacBio Sequel测序平台对其转录组进行全长转录组测序。共得到高质量去冗余的转录本53932个,作为最终转录本序列。预测到的CDS区共52490个;对其SSR位点进行分析,对测序得到Unigenes进行单核苷酸至六核苷酸重复的SSR位点搜索,共搜索到26796个SSR位点。对非冗余转录本利用BLAST软件与NR、Swissprot、GO、COG、KOG、KEGG 6个数据库进行比对,一共成功注释了53319个Unigenes,其中与NR数据库进行比对中注释为苹果的的相关基因数量最多,其次是白梨和桃;在GO数据库中有33305条山东栒子Unigenes被注释分类,由生物学过程、细胞成分和分子功能三部分组成;在与COG数据库比对中,共有23910条比对到了同源序列,且一共被分为25类;在与KEGG数据库的一系列比对中,可将Unigenes映射到126条代谢通路中。本研究在高通量全长转录组水平对山东栒子进行了系统研究,这为进一步开展山东栒子的分子标记开发和挖掘优良基因提供了科学依据,从而推动山东栒子的保护与利用。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

Identification and expression analysis of 11 MADS-box genes in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina ‘Luxing’)

MADS-box genes play a central role in the development of flowers in plants. In this study, 11 PpMADSs were isolated from ‘Luxing’ peach, and the expression levels were detected in different tissues and fruit development. Eleven PpMADSs, designated as PpMADS13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 39 were isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PpMADS13, 14, and 18 belonged to SVP, AGL15, and MIKC* group respectively; PpMADS23, 24, 25, and 39 were in the Mα group; PpMADS32, 33, 34, and 35 belonged to the Mγ group. Predictions from subcellular localization showed that 10 PpMADS were located in the nucleus. RT-PCR revealed that PpMADS13 was expressed in stems, leaves, and during fruit development (70d); PpMADS14 was expressed in sepals, stamens, petals, and during flower development; PpMADS18 was expressed in roots, stems, leaves, sepals, ovaries, stamens, petals, and during flower and fruit development; all MADS-box genes (expect for PpMADS33) in the Mα and Mγ group were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, sepals, ovaries, stamens, petals, and during flower development; few genes were expressed during fruit development. These results indicated that PpMADS may play a crucial regulatory role in vegetative growth and development processes of flowers and fruits in peaches.     

毛白杨PtMADS1基因的反义表达

为明确毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)的MADS盒基因Pt MADS1的功能,本研究对Pt MADS1在毛白杨植株不同部位的表达进行了RT-PCR分析。本研究对毛白杨进行了Pt MADS1基因的反义转化,将35S::Pt MADS1反义转基因芽体接种于不同类型培养基上。结果表明Pt MADS1有可能参与了茎尖的形态发育,并能够影响植物营养器官的形态。因此本研究认为Pt MADS1对生长素的合成具有促进作用。     

育雏早期应用氟苯尼考对禽腺病毒感染雏鸡病情的影响

为了评价氟苯尼考的应用对禽腺病毒感染雏鸡病情的影响,本试验通过对血清4型禽腺病毒感染SPF雏鸡并应用氟苯尼考饮水给药,监测雏鸡的发病及排毒情况,并对免疫器官指数、干扰素相关基因及细胞因子基因表达情况进行检测。结果显示,病毒感染雏鸡后应用氟苯尼考能显著增加雏鸡的病死率及排毒量,加重雏鸡的病理学变化,并降低雏鸡免疫器官指数,还可降低干扰素相关基因IRF-7、2′-5′OAS、MX1和细胞因子基因IL-6、IFN-γ、TNF-α的转录水平。本试验进一步认识了氟苯尼考的毒副作用,对临床氟苯尼考的合理用药提供了相关数据支持,为进一步研究氟苯尼考的毒副作用奠定了基础。