全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3274篇 |
免费 | 108篇 |
国内免费 | 136篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 223篇 |
农学 | 291篇 |
基础科学 | 170篇 |
1139篇 | |
综合类 | 631篇 |
农作物 | 252篇 |
水产渔业 | 183篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 221篇 |
园艺 | 299篇 |
植物保护 | 109篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 130篇 |
2022年 | 181篇 |
2021年 | 111篇 |
2020年 | 143篇 |
2019年 | 131篇 |
2018年 | 131篇 |
2017年 | 174篇 |
2016年 | 161篇 |
2015年 | 134篇 |
2014年 | 234篇 |
2013年 | 281篇 |
2012年 | 239篇 |
2011年 | 198篇 |
2010年 | 150篇 |
2009年 | 154篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 149篇 |
2006年 | 136篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 47篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 41篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3518条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Fungal N2O production results from a respiratory denitrification that reduces NO3−/NO2− in response to the oxidation of an electron donor, often organic C. Despite similar heterotrophic nature, fungal denitrifiers may differ from bacterial ones in exploiting diverse resources. We hypothesized that complex C compounds and substances could favor the growth of fungi over bacteria, and thereby leading to fungal dominance for soil N2O emissions. Effects of substrate quality on fungal and bacterial N2O production were, therefore, examined in a 44-d incubation after soils were amended with four different substrates, i.e., glucose, cellulose, winter pea, and switchgrass at 2 mg C g−1 soil. During periodic measurements of soil N2O fluxes at 80% soil water-filled pore space and with the supply of KNO3, substrate treatments were further subjected to four antibiotic treatments, i.e., no antibiotics or soil addition of streptomycin, cycloheximide or both so that fungal and bacterial N2O production could be separated. Up to d 8 when antibiotic inhibition on substrate-induced microbial activity and/or growth was still detectable, bacterial N2O production was generally greater in glucose- than in cellulose-amended soils and also in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. In contrast, fungal N2O production was more enhanced in soils amended with cellulose than with glucose. Therefore, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios were greater in complex than in simple C substrates. These ratios were positively correlated with fungal-to-bacterial activity ratios, i.e., CO2 production ratios, suggesting that substrate-associated fungal or bacterial preferential activity and/or growth might be the cause. Considering substrate depletion over time and thereby becoming limited for microbial N2O production, measurements of soil N2O fluxes were also carried out with additional supply of glucose, irrespective of different substrate treatments. This measurement condition might lead to potentially high rates of fungal and bacterial N2O production. As expected, bacterial N2O production was greater with added glucose than with added cellulose on d 4 and d 8. However, this pattern was broken on d 28, with bacterial N2O production lower with added glucose than with added cellulose. In contrast, plant residue impacts on soil N2O fluxes were consistent over 44-d, with greater bacterial contribution, lower fungal contribution, and thus lower fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Real-time PCR analysis also demonstrated that the ratios of 16S rDNA to ITS and the copy numbers of bacterial denitrifying genes were greater in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Despite some inconsistency found on the impacts of cellulose versus glucose on fungal and bacterial leading roles for N2O production, the results generally supported the working hypothesis that complex substrates promoted fungal dominance for soil N2O emissions. 相似文献
22.
Forest governance in many African countries is characterised by a blatant gap between policy and implementation. Contrary to studies that explain this discrepancy mainly with deficient budgets and capacity shortfalls, this paper highlights aid as a cause of implementation failure: Analysing the REDD+ process in Tanzania, it reveals how donor experts employ their material and discursive power to convey ‘conservation fads’ to the country's policy domain, and to shape the latter in terms of substance and organisation. At the same time, it shows how local actors from government, civil society and academia utilise their international ‘partners’ for pursuing their own interests.The empirical findings presented in this paper are based on expert interviews and document analysis. Drawing on democracy theory and development studies, the paper points out the implications of aid and related expert advice for young democracies. In the Tanzanian forest sector, a far-reaching effect can be observed: Decision-makers routinely adjust their agenda to donor priorities without necessarily intending to put new policies into practice. While the uptake of ‘conservation fads’ promoted by the aid industry provides them direct and indirect access to resources, it prevents the emergence of responsive politics able to transform forest management on the ground. 相似文献
23.
25.
26.
The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg−1 soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg−1 soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg−1 soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil. 相似文献
27.
Yuting Cai Shifeng Cao Zhenfeng Yang Yonghua Zheng 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,59(3):324-326
This study investigated the regulation of ascorbate acid (AsA) and glutathione metabolism and chilling tolerance by methyl jamonate (MeJA) in loquat fruit. The results showed that application of MeJA to loquat fruit inhibited the incidence of chilling injury manifested as internal browning (IB) and increased AsA and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents due to the inhibition of ascorbate oxidase activity and enhancement of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities. Meanwhile, MeJA also enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Our results suggested that MeJA can regulate the ascorbate and glutathione metabolism and has important roles in alleviating oxidative damage and enhancing chilling tolerance in loquat fruit. 相似文献
28.
The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (tl), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (tl = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (tl and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for tl =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO2/h and 0.611 kgO2/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10−6 < Re < 3.689 × 10-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively. 相似文献
29.
Three of the most commonly used veterinary antibiotics—enrofloxacin (ENR), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and oxytetracycline (OTC)—were chosen as representative antibiotics for UV/H2O2 treatments. The objective was to determine the optimization of UV/H2O2 to remove antibiotics from aquaculture discharge water using response surface methodology. The degradation of the antibiotics was investigated under varying UV/H2O2 conditions in environments with different levels of pH, water matrices, humic acid, and constituent ions. The degradation results demonstrated that increasing the H2O2 dosage facilitated ENR degradation at a neutral pH while facilitating degradation of SMX and OTC at a slightly acidic pH. The optimum removal conditions for ENR, which was used in all influential effect experiments and the contact tank experiments, was obtained at 10 mM H2O2, a pretreated COD of 87.51 mg L−1, and an initial pH of 6.15. Among the tested anions, only the presence of Cl- showed slight positive effects on ENR degradation, due to the generation of secondary active radicals. During the reaction, the hydroxyl radical (OH) was present at a higher pH while singlet oxygen (1O2) was slightly present at a lower pH. The experimental results from H2O2 sequential addition indicated that freshly added H2O2 could quench the recently generated OH and therefore a high H2O2 concentration with frequent adding was not necessary. Our contact system reduced the ENR concentration in both the effluent reservoir and in the UV irradiation zone. The overall results supported the use of the UV/H2O2 system to treat remnant antibiotics in the discharge water. 相似文献
30.