多基因聚合在鄂麦19多抗性选育中的应用

鄂麦19是在导入外源基因的基础上，采用多亲本复合杂交的方法选育而成的兼抗条锈和白粉病的小麦新品种，该品种还对叶锈、赤霉病有较好的抗性。本文通过对其选育过程的分析，探讨多基因抗性育种以及外源基因利用等问题。鄂麦19多抗性的选育，首先是通过普通小麦与黑麦进行属间杂交，获得黑麦抗真菌病害的遗传物质。在小黑麦杂种与小麦杂交的早期世代，选择抗单一病害、育性较好的普通小麦型单株进行杂交，根据育种目标在杂种群体中进行综合抗病能力的筛选。整个杂交组合共涉及三种亲缘、9个亲本，先后导入了洛夫林10、阿夫、南大2419、阿夫多里雅和KUI-（b）等5个公认的对条锈病、白粉病兼抗性较好且具有相对持久抗性的亲本的抗病基因。     

襄阳市甜玉米新品种比较试验…

2011年以鄂甜4号为对照,对11个甜玉米新品种进行了比较试验,以鉴定其品质、丰产性、适应性及抗逆性。试验结果表明,T5(NKT0624)在产量、品质、抗性等性状指标明显优于对照,适宜于襄阳地区种植,值得进一步试验与示范。     

品种搭配对湖北省玉米-晚稻复种产量及资源效率的影响

Maize-late rice cropping (M-R) is considered to coordinate the production of food and feed crop. In recent years, M-R has begun to develop in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. However, technologies have not been systematically studied and improved for its higher yield and higher resources use efficiency. Especially, a reasonable collocation of varieties between maize and late rice seasons is an important basis to realize the yield potential of M-R, and still is under evaluation. In this study, different maize and late rice varieties were selected and collocated to different M-R modes. Their yield performance and use efficiency of resources were detected in different regions of Hubei province in 2015 and 2017. The results showed that under different heat conditions, the varieties collocation modes had significant effects on the annual yield of M-R and the production efficiency of resources. The modes of medium maturity maize-late indica rice cropping had obviously higher annual yield and resource production efficiency under higher accumulated temperature (GDD_≥10°C); on the contrary, the annual yield and resource production efficiency of the modes of early maturity maize-late indica rice cropping were higher under lower GDD_≥10°C. The utilization percentage of the annual effective GDD_≥10°C of each varieties combination mode could reach 95.6%-100.0%, and the distribution ratio of GDD_≥10°c between previous and subsequent season (TR) had a significant non-linear relationship with the relative annual yield of M-R. When the utilization percentage of GDD_≥10°C was 97.0%-98.5% and TR was 1.06-1.08, M-R could obtain highest annual yield. Therefore, suitable varieties of maize and late rice could be selected according to the local heat resource and reasonable TR. In summary, high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 125 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 140 days should be selected for the southern regions with higher GDD_≥10°C, while high-yield maize varieties with a growth period of 120 days and late rice varieties with a growth period of 130 days should be selected for the middle and northern regions with relatively lower GDD_≥10°C in Hubei province.     

湖北襄阳地区规模化牛场产气荚膜梭菌的分离和鉴定

为了检测湖北襄阳地区规模化牛场产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)的分布现状,调查健康牛群中该菌的流行情况,从襄阳地区4个规模化牛场采集样品进行产气荚膜梭菌的分离和鉴定.经过选择性培养基分离培养,结合菌落特征、革兰氏染色镜检和生化试验鉴定,结果从68个新鲜粪便样品和24个环境样品中共分离得到产...     

鄂北岗地棉花品种区域试验工作的经验及创新

阐述了棉花品种区域试验的目的,总结了区域试验工作经验全过程.具体内容为区域试验播种前的准备、地理环境条件选择、试验地准备、田间区划的原则、绘制田间种植示意图并划分与插牌、播种方式、田间管理、田间调查记载项目及取样方法、考种与取样、收花轧花、小区计产、搞好试验总结等.该经验可为国家或省区域试验棉花品种审定和推广提供科学依...     

杂交小麦主要产量性状优势及亲本选配分析

通过对121个小麦杂交组合中14个增产幅度较大的超标优势组合F1代的产量性状、株高和抗病性等进行分析,发现各超标优势组合的产量三因素均具有较高水平.在产量三因素中,有效穗数的优势对产量优势的贡献最大,其次是每穗粒数,千粒重优势对产量优势的贡献最小.此外还发现,湖北麦区生态条件下,杂种F1代株高为88～97 cm、父本比...     

矮败小麦高效育种技术平台的研究

[目的]探讨矮败小麦高效育种技术平台。[方法]对矮败小麦的创制和应用研究进展进行了总结,并提出了将单倍体育种技术引入矮败小麦高效育种技术体系的构想。[结果]矮败小麦既保留了太谷核不育小麦雄性败育彻底、不育性稳定、开放授粉异交结实率高的特性,又发挥了矮变1号降秆作用强的特点,是较理想的群体改良工具。目前对矮败小麦的应用主要包括利用矮败小麦进行群体改良的种质资源平台、利用矮败小麦建立高效育种技术新体系的技术平台及利用矮败小麦作为新品种选育的生产平台。通过在已建立的小麦高效育种技术体系中引入单倍体技术的应用,从理论上建立了一套矮败小麦高效育种生物技术新体系。[结论]该研究为矮败小麦的进一步研究及应用提供了参考。     

不同温度和光照对紫叶酢浆草生长的影响

[目的]研究不同温度和光照条件下紫叶酢浆草的生长情况。[方法]选取3、6、9月和0、25%、50%、75%4个遮阴度环境下的紫叶酢浆草鳞芽进行交叉试验,形成12个处理区,30 d后调查紫叶酢浆草叶柄长度,第二年观察花期、开花量、叶色以及病虫害情况。[结果]春、秋季紫叶酢浆草生长最快;温度对紫叶酢浆草生长影响较大但对其花期影响不大;光照对紫叶酢浆草的花量和叶色影响较大,当遮阴率25%时对紫叶酢浆草生长最为有利;在高温条件下紫叶酢浆草易发生叶斑病和红蜘蛛危害,强烈阴蔽条件下易发生蚜虫和蜗牛危害。[结论]温度22℃、遮阴率25%是紫叶酢浆草生长的最佳环境。     

产气荚膜梭菌对养牛业的危害及其防制

近年来产气荚膜梭菌对中国养牛业的危害巨大,其流行型别和致病特点较以往也在发生变化,其中C、D型菌对牛致病增多;部分病例呈现慢性型发病症状。作者参考了大量文献对牛产气荚膜梭菌病的流行病学、发病原因、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法及防制措施进行了综述。     

红花酢浆草与紫叶酢浆草在襄樊地区的适应性栽培试验

红花酢浆草与紫叶酢浆草在襄樊地区的适应性栽培试验结果表明,红花酢浆草和紫叶酢浆草在22℃生长最快,也是成坪最快的时候,连续高温(超过31℃)对红花酢浆草和紫叶酢浆草生长不利,最佳栽植时期红花酢浆草为3月和9月,紫叶酢浆草为9月。