美丽崖豆藤炭疽病病原鉴定及防治药剂的室内毒力测定

目的 明确引起美丽崖豆藤炭疽病的病原菌种类并筛选其防治药剂。方法 采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离、纯化后,利用柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,依据菌株的形态学特征和多基因序列分析确定病原菌种类;采用菌丝生长速率法测定病原菌对生产上常用于炭疽病防治的4种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果 分离得到的6株菌中有2株菌可侵染美丽崖豆藤叶片引起褐色病斑;结合形态学鉴定和多基因序列分析,确定引起美丽崖豆藤炭疽病的病原菌为暹罗刺盘孢Colletotrichum siamense。该病菌对苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵的敏感性均高,抑制中浓度(EC₅₀)均小于0.1 mg/L,其中,以咪鲜胺的防效最佳,EC₅₀为0.015 mg/L。结论 美丽崖豆藤炭疽病的病原菌为暹罗刺盘孢,苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵可作为防治美丽崖豆藤炭疽病的首选药剂。     

农业发展过程中人类活动与自然环境的相互作用研究

通过阐述自然规律性法则和农民的知识水平结构两部分内容,分析了在农业发展过程中人类活动与自然环境是如何相互作用的,从而揭示出人们在农业生产过程中尊重自然、完善自我的重要性,对于当今农业向着良性、和谐方向发展具有重要的现实意义.     

基于枇杷果实的加工研究进展

枇杷作为一种具有药用价值的水果,既可鲜食也可用于加工。总结了以枇杷果肉为原料的枇杷饮料、枇杷果酒及枇杷罐头等目前现有的枇杷食品的加工,以及以枇杷果核为原料的功能性成分的加工,阐述了枇杷果实的加工研究进展,并且对未来的加工方向提出了几点建议,为枇杷加工的进一步发展提供了参考。     

Responses of four hornet species to levels of urban greenness in Nagoya city,Japan: Implications for ecosystem disservices of urban green spaces

Although there is a common trend towards increasing green space in modern cities, urban green spaces provide not only ecosystem services but also disservices for urban dwellers. However, the relationship between urban greenness and ecosystem disservices has been poorly examined. We aimed to understand the effect of greenness level on the abundance and species composition of hornets – critical pests in Japan and to identify the best spatial scale for estimating their abundance with reference to greenness levels. We used a dataset that contained eight years of abundance data for four hornet species at 11 sites in Nagoya city. The levels of greenness around the hornet sampling points were measured using averages from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with radiuses of 0.1–10.0 km. We analysed the relationship between abundance and species composition of hornets and NDVI at different spatial scales using generalized linear mixed models. Higher NDVI values positively affected the abundance of all the hornet species except Vespa analis. The abundances were estimated most effectively using the NDVI average with a 1–2 km radius for all species. The species composition of hornets drastically changed along the gradient of NDVI values; V. mandarinia was dominant in greener areas (over 0.2–0.3 NDVI average with a 2 km radius) and V. analis in less green areas (below 0.2–0.3 NDVI average). Our study showed that the abundance and species composition of hornets were both strongly associated with the level of urban greenness. This suggests that increases in the greenness of urban areas can increase hornet abundance and alter the species composition of hornets; a more aggressive species, V. mandarinia, may also increase in urban areas, although V. analis is currently the most critical species according to regional consultants. Balancing ecosystem services and disservices has become crucial for the planning and management of green spaces, particularly when urban green space increases. We also demonstrate how human tolerance towards wildlife may have to be improved in order to live in greener environment where wildlife can be expected.     

张家界国家森林公园动物种类和数量的变化

为了探明张家界国家森林公园野生动物种类和数量的变化，采用野外踏察以及问卷调查法对上世纪70年代以来公园境内野生动物的种类、数量及生活习性进行了调查，结果发现：公园内野生动物在种类、数量和结构上发生了很大的变化，许多动物已从公园中消失，不少动物亦濒临灭绝；在保存下来的动物中，也有一部分的生活习性发生了改变；在旅游开发利用的不同时期，公园内不同野生动物受影响的程度不一样；在公园开发之初，以鸟类受到的影响最大，兽类次之，爬行类最小，而在公园开发的后期，则刚好相反．为了保护野生动钶资源，必须严禁猎杀野生动物，保持景区安静，建立野生动物通道等．     

成熟中国鲎卵的营养成分分析

分别采用凯氏定氮法、索氏脂肪抽提称量法、反相液相色谱法及和相色谱-质谱法测定了成熟中国鲎卵中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸及脂肪酸的含量。结果表明,中国鲎卵粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为61.90%和15.82%;鲎卵至少含有16种氨基酸,其中异亮氨酸(Ile)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)和天冬氨酸(Asp)含量较高,占氨基酸总量的60%以上;鲎卵至少含18种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)有7种,高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)4种,分别占总游离脂肪酸含量的60.71%和13.15%。     

旅游活动对张家界世界地质公园土壤影响的研究

在调查张家界世界地质公园土壤影响形态及影响范围的基础上,对公园游道两边不同距离土壤的硬度、含水率、容重进行了测定和分析,并通过计算各游览区土壤影响指数(SII)来评价旅游活动对公园土壤的综合影响。结果表明:游客活动对张家界世界地质公园土壤产生了较大的影响,特别是在游客相对集中的黄石寨景区和金鞭溪景区,影响十分明显;游客对土壤影响的范围主要发生在距游道两侧3米以内的范围;公园内土壤影响形态可分为单侧节型、双侧节型、单侧链型、双侧链型、十字节型和捷径链型6种类型,其中又以单侧节型和双侧节型为主;在六个景区中,距游道边缘1米、2米及3米范围内土壤的平均含水率较对照区分别低了36.6%、24.5%和2.2%;与对照区相比,距游道边缘1米、2米及3米的土壤硬度分别增加了167.9%、122.2%和15.8%,而距游道边缘1米和2米范围内的土壤容重则分别比对照区增加了26.5%和20.9%。文章对如何降低游客对土壤的影响范围及程度进行了讨论。图4表3参16。     

Seismic Concept Analysis of High-rise Diagrid Tube Structures

In order to study the seismic concept of high-rise diagrid tube-core tube structures,CFST diagrid tube-concrete core tube structures were designed based on typical project.The elastic-plastic time history analysis method is adopted and the components yield order is summarized based on their plastic developing processes.The influences of wall thickness,inclined column cross section and coupling beam height on the components yield order are studied and the distribution of seismic fortification lines between tubes are presented.The main factors exerting influence on structure lateral stiffness are analyzed and the key components of structure lateral stiffness and plastic energy dissipation are achieved.The seismic concept of this structure is discussed considering the three level earthquake fortification criterion and components yield characteristics at last.     

垃圾填埋场优势植物生长情况调查分析

选取深圳市下坪垃圾填埋场作为研究样地,分别于2012年春季和2013年冬季采集样地优势植物及土壤进行分析,对采集的优势植物和土壤的重金属含量等进行测定。结果显示：垃圾填埋场内土壤p H 4．32～7．30。土壤有机质平均值为2．82％,偏低。土壤总氮含量平均值为0．16％,介于参考值之间。土壤总磷含量为0．11％,位于参考值的下限。土壤和植物中Ba离子含量均较高,马缨丹、假臭草和蟛蜞菊对于铜的富集能力较强,番薯对Cr的富集能力较强,荷木对Ba和Pb的富集能力较强,部分植物可用于垃圾填埋场的土壤改良。