Development of a New Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Super Early Maturity and High Iron Content

Super Early Maturation No.2 is a new foxtail millet germplasm developed by using the targeted-character-gene-bank-breeding method. It has several outstanding characteristics. (1) Super early maturity. It can normally mature in Bashang, Hebei Province, China, where the altitude is around 1 400 meters, and it needs 1650°C of effective accumulated temperature in the growing period. (2) Millet is rich in iron. The iron content of the millet of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 54.10 mg kg⁻¹, which is 62.0% higher than the average iron content of the foxtail millet varieties in China. (3) High crude fat content. Its crude fat content is 6.24%, which is 54.1% higher than the average content of foxtail millet varieties in China. (4) High crude protein content. The average of the crude protein content of all the foxtail millet varieties in China is 12.71%, only 5% varieties surpass 14%, however, the crude protein content of Super Early Maturation No.2 is 14.36%, which is rare in improved varieties of foxtail millet in China. (5) Overall characteristics are good.     

甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究

稻曲病已由次要病害上升为主要病害,对水稻生产危害严重,不但影响产量还降低其品质。稻曲病发生后(出现稻曲球)就很难防治,只能预防不能治疗。适时打药是高效预防稻曲病的关键。本研究结果表明,对籼粳杂交稻甬优12而言,在破口前10～13 d用专化杀菌剂预防1次、破口期再预防1次的处理防治效果最好,穗防效和病情指数防效分别为94.59%和98.33%;仅在破口前10 d或13 d喷1次药预防的处理,穗防效分别为86.95%和87.36%,病情指数防效分别为94.98%和95.99%。鉴于在实际生产中很难准确确定具体哪一天是破口前的第10 d或第13 d,本研究采用水稻生理学性状"叶枕平"(剑叶叶枕与倒数第2叶叶枕持平,或叶枕距为零)界定为最佳打药期,即稻田中1/3～1/2水稻植株处于叶枕平为第1次打药预防稻曲病的适期,第2次打药适期为破口前。     

对作物区域试验中参试品种产量统计方法问题的探讨

品种区域试验是作物品种评价、布局和推广的依据。在国家谷子品种区域试验中,由于试点间地力或管理水平不同,各试点的产量水平差别很大,往往存在一点或少数试点产量水平明显高于或低于其他试点,这些试点的产量数据在汇总时占的份额过高,导致这些试点结果对整体试验结果影响过大,甚至基本可以决定整体试验结果的情况。因而,如何使试验结果比较客观、准确地反映参试品种的实际产量水平,一直是制约区域试验工作和品种审定工作的难题。针对这一问题,作者在多年从事国家谷子品种区域试验的实践中,总结出用各承试点的理论产量代替实际产量进行汇总,即将各承试点对照的产量进行平均,然后,以这一数据为基础,依据参试品种在各承试点较对照增减产的比例,计算它们在相应试点的理论产量,将各承试点的产量调整到同一水平,剔除地力等因素对产量的影响。经验证,该方法统计的参试品种较对照增减产比例与各试点增减产比例的平均数基本一致,基本反映了参试品种的实际产量水平。取得了较好的效果,对区试资料的汇总工作具有较大参考意义。     

Optimization of the sex pheromone-based method for trapping field populations of Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) in South China

Despite the identification of the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella(Zeller) sex pheromone, no effective application based on this pheromone has yet been developed and evaluated. This study investigated the effect of pheromone lures, trap densities, heights of trap deployment, and pheromone doses in Yunnan, China, for the purpose of increasing the control efficiency of P. operculella and improving the application of pheromone technology in the field. The results showed that lures made of corn oil and red PVC pipes attracted the highest number of moths(11.73±1.90 per trap per day). Sex pheromone loading of 100 μg was optimal for trapping moths, but higher doses of pheromone inhibited attraction. The density of traps did not affect capture rates; therefore, the optimum trap density was 30–40 traps ha~(–1). The optimum height of trap deployment was not above the height of the plant canopy. This study provides technical details necessary for the monitoring and control of potato tuber moth using sex pheromones.     

苹果茎沟病毒柑橘碎叶株系的分布与序列分析

为明确苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)柑橘碎叶株系(citrus tatter leaf virus,CTLV)在中国柑橘产区的发生分布及其分子特性,于2017—2021年对我国12个柑橘主产区开展系统调查,并采用多重比对以及系统发育分析法对CTLV的全序列进行分析。结果表明,从12个柑橘主产区采集的2 012份疑似样品中检测出413份感CTLV阳性样品。除陕西省外,其余11个柑橘主产区样品中均检测出CTLV,并且柚类样品中CTLV的检出率最高,达到32.31%。对分离获得的22株CTLV毒株和已知的7株CTLV以及5株ASGV毒株进行全序列分析,发现所有34株毒株的核苷酸序列相似性为78.6%～99.8%,且CTLV序列的保守性较高。此外,与其他4株ASGV毒株相比,本研究中22株CTLV毒株与ASGV-MK毒株(GenBank登录号为MZ127820.1)具有更近的亲缘关系。推测CTLV中国毒株间的亲缘关系可能与其采样地和寄主品种有关。