节能日光温室中番茄灰霉病发生规律的研究

通过 3年对节能日光温室环境温湿度监测、病菌孢子捕捉和番茄灰霉病发生规律研究明确 ,一般年份 ,灰霉病在番茄叶片上表现为明显的始发期、盛发期和末发期等 3个阶段 ;果实发病后 ,即进入盛发期。温室中病菌的发生与病害呈正相关 ,病菌的高峰期较病害的高峰期提前10～15d。持续的低温、高湿、苗期带病等是引起番茄灰霉病发生的重要因子。提出要从优化设施环境等方面来控制番茄灰霉病的危害。     

Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents of sloping jujube orchards using temporal stability

Estimating spatial mean soil water contents from point-scale measurements is important to improve soil water management in sloping land of semiarid areas. Temporal stability analysis, as a statistical technique to estimate soil water content, is an effective tool in terms of facilitating the upscaling estimation of mean values. The objective of this study was to examine temporal stability of soil water profiles (0–20, 20–40, 40–60 and 0–60 cm) in sloping jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) orchards and to estimate field mean root-zone soil water based on temporal stability analysis in the Yuanzegou catchment of the Chinese Loess Plateau, using soil water observations under both dry and wet soil conditions. The results showed that different time-stable locations were identified for different depths and the temporal stability of soil water content in 20–40 cm was significantly (P < 0.05) weaker than that in other depths. Moreover, these time-stable locations had relatively high clay contents, relatively mild slopes and relatively planar surfaces compared to the corresponding field means. Statistical analysis revealed that the temporal stability of root zone soil water (0–60 cm) was higher in either dry or wet season than that including both, and soil water exhibited very low temporal stability during the transition period from dry to wet. Based on the temporal stability analysis, field mean soil water contents were estimated reasonably (R² from 0.9560 to 0.9873) from the point measurements of these time-stable locations. Since the terrains in this study are typical in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau, the results presented here should improve soil water management in sloping orchards in the Loess Plateau.     

Integration of pre- and postharvest treatments for the control of black spot caused by Alternaria alternata in stored persimmon fruit

In Israel, black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is the main postharvest factor that impairs the quality and reduces the storability of persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph). The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest. After harvest, the pathogen slowly colonizes the fruit during storage at 0 °C, which elicits black spot symptom development 2–3 months after storage entry. A commercial postharvest dip treatment in chlorine at 500 mg L^?1, released from sodium troclosene tablets, effectively controlled black spot in fruit stored for up to 2 months. However, decay incidence increased as the length of storage was extended beyond 2.5 months. The long incubation period that precedes black spot symptom development after harvest enabled the development of a series of integrative approaches for application at the pre- and postharvest stages, in combination with the commercial chlorine dip treatment, to improve the control of black spot disease. Preharvest treatments included treatment with the cytokinin-like N₁-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N₃-phenylurea (CPPU) 30 d after fruit set, or a single spray with the curative fungicide polyoxin B 14 d before harvest, and when one of these was applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip treatment, the black spot infected area was reduced by 3 and 60%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. At the postharvest stage, fogging during storage, or post-storage on-line spraying with sodium troclosene, when applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip, improved the percentage of marketable fruit by 2 or 10%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. The results indicate that postharvest pathogens that show a slow colonization pattern might enable the integration of pre- and postharvest disease control methods to improve quality and reduce postharvest disease development.     

地高辛标记cDNA探针检测苹果茎痘病毒

 Partial sequence(314 bp) of ASPV was cloned and used as a probe labelled with digoxigenin-11dUTP. The total RNA extracted from samples with Apple stem pitting virus and a series of dilutions of plasmid with ASPV-cDNA were detected by dot blot hybridization. The results showed that the probe was sensitive and specific. The probe couldn't hybridize with total RNA of Apple stem grooving virus, Apple mosaic virus and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus samples as well as negative control, only hybridized with that extracted from dormant shoot infected with ASPV. The sensitivity for detection of plasmid contained ASPV-cDNA was 1.64 μg.     

苹果粗皮病发生与锰的关系

经2002～2003年盆栽试验观察,粗皮病的发生与土壤高锰含量有直接关系.施锰300mg/kg以下树体生长发育正常,施锰350 mg/kg前期上部枝少部分幼叶出现失绿现象,施锰400mg/kg以上树体发生粗皮病.施锰400mg/kg叶片锰最高值为890 mg/kg,是施锰350 mg/kg的3.1倍,土壤有效锰、易还原锰、交换锰含量最高值分别是施锰350 mg/kg的1.1、2.3、22.0倍.说明土壤高量的易还原锰、代换锰是粗皮病发生的重要因素.施锰发病后土壤铁、硅的含量降低,磷、钾的含量提高.     

利用反义寡核苷酸技术抑制MSTN基因表达的研究

在首先确定胚胎11日龄海兰鸡腿肌成肌细胞培养条件的基础上,利用RNA structure3.7软件中的步移法自行设计了反义MSTN寡核苷酸序列,全硫代修饰,利用脂质体2000成功地将其转染到体外培养的成肌细胞中。结果表明:反义寡核苷酸可以抑制MSTN基因在成肌细胞中的表达,促进成肌细胞增殖与分化,且2.0μmol.L-1为最佳浓度。     

大豆不同亲本正反交后代开花期叶片叶绿素含量遗传研究

2002年,对大豆不同亲本正、反交F3、BC1F2开花期叶片叶绿素含量遗传进行了初步比较研究,结果表明,各组合F3开花期叶片叶绿素含量平均值偏向于母本,广义遗传力的大小与母本值关系密切,母本值高的组合F3广义遗传力明显高于母本值低的组合,各组合正、反交F3开花期叶片叶绿素含量的变异度与母本值也相关,母本值高的组合F3变异度大于母本值低的组合;BC1F2开花期叶片叶绿素含量的遗传表现与组合的父母本和回交亲本的开花期叶片叶绿素含量直接相关.     

基于GIS技术的耕地土壤环境质量综合评价研究——以山西省永济市为例

以山西省永济市耕地为研究区域,通过收集整理土壤环境质量样点数据,运用GIS技术建立了土壤环境质量数据库,依据国家土壤环境质量评价标准进行分析评价,获得了永济市耕地土壤环境质量评价结果.土壤面源污染水、土综合评价结果表明:18个样点中有3个为无污染,11个为轻度污染,4个为中度污染.点源污染土壤综合评价结果表明:该区主要污染物为F、Cl、Pb、Cd、As及DDT.蔬菜地样点综合评价表明:大部分蔬菜生产符合绿色食品种植要求(NY/T391-2000)和无公害食品蔬菜地种植要求(NY5010-2001);在不符合要求的样点中,超标物主要是Cd、Pb、Hg、As及DDT.该研究为进一步加强土壤环境质量管理与修复决策奠定了基础.