缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响

【目的】研究缩节胺复配打顶剂对机采棉株型塑造和棉铃分布的影响。【方法】2021年以新陆中88号为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,因素为缩节胺和打顶处理,缩节胺2个水平,喷施缩节胺(H₁)和不喷施缩节胺(H₀);打顶3个水平,打顶剂喷施(D₁)、人工打顶(D₂)和不打顶(D₃)。研究缩节胺复配打顶剂对棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、主茎节间数、节间长度、果枝数、果枝长度干物质积累与分配及产量构成的影响。【结果】随着缩节胺的喷施,棉花株高、主茎日增长量、果枝长度、果枝夹角及株宽呈降低趋势,打顶剂喷施可以抑制棉花顶部的生长,并起到免打顶的作用。缩节胺复配打顶剂可以塑造适宜机采的棉花株型。缩节胺复配打顶剂可以更好的将棉花的生殖生长向营养生长转移,增加棉花营养器官的重量,提高棉花的产量。喷施缩节胺处理伏前桃个数显著高于处理不喷施缩节胺处理,增幅为43.3%。各打顶处理间伏前桃个数无显著差异。各处理的伏桃个数以打顶剂喷施处理最高,不打顶处理最低,棉花的秋桃个数以不打顶处理最低,人工打顶处理最高...     

Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation

Different irrigation scheduling methods and amounts of water ranging from deficit to excessive amounts were used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) irrigation studies from 1988 to 1999, at Lubbock, TX. Irrigation scheduling treatments based on canopy temperature (T_c) were emphasized in each year. Surface drip irrigation and recommended production practices for the area were used. The objective was to use the 12-year database to estimate the effect of irrigation and growing season temperature on cotton yield. Yields in the irrigation studies were then compared with those for the northwest Texas production region. An irrigation input of 58 cm or total water application of 74 cm was estimated to produce maximum lint yield. Sources of the total water supply for the maximum yielding treatments for each year averaged 74% from irrigation and 26% from rain. Lint yield response to irrigation up to the point of maximum yield was approximated as 11.4 kg ha⁻¹ cm⁻¹ of irrigation between the limits of 5 and 54 cm with lint yields ranging from 855 to 1630 kg ha⁻¹. The intra-year maximum lint yield treatments were not limited by water input, and their inter-year range of 300 kg ha⁻¹ was not correlated with the quantity of irrigation. The maximum lint yields were linearly related to monthly and seasonal heat units (HU) with significant regressions for July (P=0.15), August (P=0.07), and from May to September (P=0.01). The fluctuation of maximum yearly lint yields and the response to HU in the irrigation studies were similar to the average yields in the surrounding production region. The rate of lint yield increase with HU was slightly higher in the irrigation studies than in the surrounding production area and was attributed to minimal water stress. Managing irrigation based on real-time measurements of T_c produced maximum cotton yields without applying excessive irrigation.     

氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响

【目的】研究氮肥运筹对雹后重播受旱棉花生长特性及产量影响。【方法】主区为正常蕾期灌水处理(CK),蕾期中度水分胁迫处理,副区为4种施氮比例不施氮(N₀)、以盛铃期为界限分为(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥3∶7 (N₃₇)、(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥5∶5 (N₅₅)、(蕾期肥+花期肥)∶铃期肥7∶3 (N₇₃),研究雹后重播受旱棉花的最佳氮肥运筹。【结果】在同一氮肥处理下,蕾期中度水分胁迫较CK处理生育进程提前,茎粗、有效果枝、倒四叶宽、双铃率以及LAI、Pn均有所降低,干物质最大积累速率及出现时间、拐点提前;干物质最大积累量、干物质向生殖器官分配比例,单株成铃数、籽棉产量有所下降,单铃重、衣分无显著差异;在同一水分处理下,铃期肥比例增加,生育进程延后,倒四叶宽增加;不同追肥比例在茎粗、有效果枝数、倒四叶宽、双铃率、 LAI、Pn均优于N₀处理,干物质最大积累量、最大积累速率、单株结铃数、籽棉产量均高于N₀处理;在正常蕾期灌水处理(CK)下N₅₅     

UPLC-MS/MS测定棉铃虫体内丁布的残留量

【目的】对比2种前处理方法对丁布含量的影响,建立UPLC-MS/MS测定棉铃虫体内丁布含量的分析方法。【方法】棉铃虫样品经甲醇涡旋振荡、超声波提取,用Waters UPLC-MS/MS (Xevo TQS质谱)检测丁布的含量,BEH C₁₈色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水(含0.5%的冰乙酸)梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min。【结果】棉铃虫样品在低浓度5 μg/L、高浓度50 μg/L 2个添加水平下,甲醇超声提取法的添加回收率最佳,平均添加回收率分别为84.26%、96.78%,最低检测质量浓度为5 μg/L。【结论】该方法的准确度和精密度、添加回收率均符合化合物残留分析的要求。     

氮肥与缩节胺对机采棉生长发育及氮素分布的影响

【目的】研究新疆机采棉田合理的施肥化控配套技术。【方法】采用双因素裂区试验设计,以新陆中88号为材料,设置3个纯氮水平(160、320、480 kg/hm²)及3个缩节胺剂量(189、280.5、372 g/hm²),分析氮肥与缩节胺对机采棉农艺性状、干物质积累与分配、氮素吸收及产量的影响。【结果】随施氮量增多,棉花生育时期滞后,喷施缩节胺可以提前棉花生育时期;随施氮量增多,棉花株高、倒四叶宽、茎粗、株高日增量、干物质总量增加,喷施缩节胺可以降低株高日增量、倒四叶宽及果枝数,增加生殖器官干物质占比。各施氮量下的氮素积累总量差异显著,N₂较N₁提高66.4%、较N₃提高12.3%;氮肥与缩节胺对籽棉产量存在极显著的互作效应,N₂水平下籽棉产量较N₁提高21.6%,较N₃提高14.8%,N₂H₂处理较N₂H₁、N₂     

适于海岛棉指纹图谱构建的SNP核心位点筛选与评价

海岛棉具有纤维品质好、抗病性强等优异性状,不仅为纺织工业提供优质棉纤维原料,也是陆地棉相关性状改良的重要供体材料。然而,与陆地棉相比,开展海岛棉的遗传多样性和基因分型研究相对较少。本研究基于CottonSNP80K芯片对282份不同来源的海岛棉品种/材料进行基因组SNP分型研究,以选择高效鉴别海岛棉材料的核心位点组合。按照检出率大于95%、具多态性、最小等位频率(MAF)大于0.01、杂合率小于0.05、无冗余位点等条件筛选,获得2594个高质量SNP位点。对上述位点设置不同数目梯度筛选,确定最优核心位点数。随着位点个数的增多,位点组合对海岛棉材料的识别率逐渐增加。当位点数为200时,识别率为89%;位点数提高到1500时,识别率可达99%。进一步增加位点数,识别率无显著变化。利用中选的1500个SNP位点检测供试材料,其平均MAF值0.14,平均杂合率0.007,平均多态信息含量0.21。SNP位点的聚丙烯凝胶电泳验证表明,SNP-PCR与芯片分型结果一致性达98.3%。本研究提供了适于海岛棉指纹图谱构建、含1500位点的一套核心SNP位点组合,可用于海岛棉遗传多样性分析和品种身份鉴定。     

不同密度水平对覆膜棉花田间小气候及产量的影响

为了解棉花群体结构对棉田小环境的影响状况,确定不同密度对产量影响的内在因素,进行了不同棉花密度田间小气候测定试验.研究表明:密度不同棉花的植株形态会发生很大变化,因此大田的光、温、热等气候因子也会跟着改变.随着密度的增加不同层次的透光率均有减小趋势,盛花后最小的透光率仅为10%左右.土壤水分方面,密度过小地表散失严重,密度过大叶片蒸腾过多耗水量大,而18万株/hm2密度更能充分利用水分.不同层次的温湿度上,密度过小叶片蒸腾水分易散失,密度过大散失虽慢但蒸腾多,所以也是中等密度18.0和22.5万株/hm2处理好,不过各处理温度变化较小.产量上,随密度增加,产量先增大后减小,18.0万株/hm2处理最高,平均产量为3 247.4 kg/hm2.