低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系多胺代谢的变化

 利用外源Spd、PAO 抑制剂研究了黄瓜幼苗根系在低氧水培时的生长状况以及内源PAs、H₂O₂ 含量和PAO活性的动态变化。结果表明, 外源PAs对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系的生长有促进作用;低氧处理后3种PAs含量都明显上升, 外源Spd和PAO抑制剂增加了根系中的PAs含量, 降低了根系中H₂O₂ 含量, 减缓了低氧伤害; PAs为低氧胁迫的应激产物, PAO为适应酶类, 其活性随PAs含量的变化而发生变化。     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

Effect of initial hermetic sealing on quality of ‘Kyoho’ grapes during storage

Experiments of initial hermetic sealing using high barrier film were carried out on ‘Kyoho’ grapes (Vitis vinifera L. × V. Labrusca L. cv. Kyoho) in the 2008 and 2009 fruit seasons, to investigate their potential to enhance quality and extend storage life of the fruit. In the 2008 season, grapes were packaged in high barrier film bags for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, and a modified atmosphere (MA) of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide was formed after sealing. After packaging, fruit were removed from bags and stored in air for up to 90 d at 0 °C. In the 2009 season, grapes were packaged in perforated bags, or in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and subsequently perforated bags to avoid further anoxia and excessive CO₂ accumulation. After treatment, fruit were stored for up to 90 d at 0 °C, followed by shelf-life at 20 °C for 7 d. Non-packaging air storage was used as a control in both seasons. Fruit quality attributes including soluble solids, titratable acidity, stem browning, berry drop and decay incidence were measured. The results indicated that short-term initial MAP (≤2 weeks) had potential for improving appearance of bunches and maintaining the quality of berries during long-term storage, and significantly reduced quality deterioration. Stems were greener and berry drop and decay incidence were more effectively controlled when fruit were sealed in high barrier film bags for 2 weeks and the bags were subsequently perforated.     

Estimation irrigation water requirements with derived crop coefficients for upland and paddy crops in ChiaNan Irrigation Association,Taiwan

Field experiments were performed at the HsuehChia Experimental Station from 1993 to 2001 to calculate the reference and actual crop evapotranspiration, derived the crop coefficient, and collected requirements input data for the CROPWAT irrigation management model to estimate the irrigation water requirements of paddy and upland crops at the ChiaNan Irrigation Association, Taiwan. For corn, the estimated crop coefficients were 0.40, 0.78, 0.89 and 0.71 in the initial, crop development, mid-season and late-season stages, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimated crop coefficients for sorghum were 0.44, 0.71, 0.87 and 0.62 in the four stages, respectively. Finally, for soybean, the estimated crop coefficients were 0.45, 0.89, 0.92 and 0.58 in the four stages, respectively. With implementation of REF-ET model and FAO 56 Penman–Monteith method, the annual reference evapotranspiration was 1268 mm for ChiaNan Irrigation Association.In the paddy fields, the irrigation water requirements and deep percolation are 962 and 295 mm, respectively, for the first rice crop, and 1114 and 296 mm for the second rice crop. Regarding the upland crops, the irrigation water requirements for spring and autumn corn are 358 and 273 mm, respectively, compared to 332 and 366 mm for sorghum, and 350 and 264 mm for soybean. For the irrigated scheme with single and double rice cropping patterns in the ChiaNan Irrigation Association, the CROPWAT model simulated results indicate that the annual crop water demands are 507 and 1019 mm, respectively, and the monthly water requirements peaked in October at 126 mm and in January at 192 mm, respectively.     

纽荷尔脐橙缺硼表现与其硼、糖含量年变化的关系

 研究了赣南‘纽荷尔’和‘朋娜’脐橙果实及叶片的硼和可溶性糖含量的年变化。结果表明: 幼果期两品种果皮硼含量均较高, 之后果皮与果肉硼含量均趋下降, 但在果实膨大中后期均出现显著上升。纽荷尔越冬老叶硼含量趋明显下降并居较低水平, 而朋娜老叶硼含量变幅小且相对较高。果实膨大中后期两品种果皮和果肉的可溶性糖含量均与果实硼含量出现同步积累, 此时二者老叶和朋娜春梢叶的糖含量均出现低谷, 而对应纽荷尔春梢叶糖含量并无明显下降。     

安徽省烟草黑胫病菌的交配型及其地理分布研究

 Total 69 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae were isolated and identified from tobacco black shank samples collected from different areas of Anhui province, and mating types of the oomycete were investigated by the method of partnership culture in vitro on L-tryptophan medium with β-sitosterol. The results showed that A2 mating type was the predominant in isolates of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, next was A₀ mating type, A₁ and other mating types were not observed. It was suggested that sexual reproduction of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae might not take place frequently, and Anhui province might not be the original center of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae. The results indicated further that mating type geographical distribution of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae in Anhui province was in line with that in China. In addition, the significance of the test results and the possible reason for A₁ mating type being absent were discussed.     

CO_2浓度对西瓜枯萎病菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响

采用PDA培养基,研究了不同CO2浓度对西瓜枯萎病菌丝生长及孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,在一定CO2浓度范围内,随着CO2浓度的增加,4种菌株的菌丝日生长量和孢子萌发率均有相应的变化,浓度越高抑制效果越明显。与对照相比,Sh和H01、H02分别在1600、2000mg/L时菌丝生长受到显著抑制;H03对CO2不敏感,在整个测量过程中菌丝抑制无显著变化;4种菌株菌丝日生长量分别减少:H01,0.02～0.10cm;H02,0.02～0.12cm;H03,0.01～0.08cm;Sh,0.01～0.25cm。Sh、H01、H02、H03孢子萌发率分别在1400、1600、1800、2000mg/L时开始受到显著抑制;孢子萌发率分别降低:H01,4.3%～9.8%;H02,2.7%～5.6%;H03,2.0%～3.7%;Sh,2.2%～11.9%。     

不同草莓品种的抑制栽培

选用6个草莓品种的大苗和小苗(大苗根茎>0.7 cm、三叶以上一心;小苗根茎≤0.7 cm、两叶一心)为材料,在0℃冷库中冷藏5个月后,分3批定植于大棚中(定植时间分别为7月30日、8月10日和8月20日),观测不同品种植株的成活率、营养生长状况、物候期、生理指标、果实营养品质及产量,结果表明:宝交早生大苗的成活率高达99.20%、营养生长状况好、物候期早、果实营养品质好、产量高,其单株产量比全明星小苗的高158.69%,为适宜的草莓抑制栽培品种;8月20日为草莓抑制栽培适宜的定植期;随着定植时间的推移,同一种草莓苗的根系活力、叶绿素含量逐渐增加,相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量逐渐减少;每个品种均表现出大苗要优于小苗,大苗的产量比小苗的高72.09%～168.77%.     

西瓜主要农艺性状与裂果性状的相关及通径分析

对西瓜的14个农艺性状进行相关与通径分析。相关分析结果表明，裂果率与果皮厚度、外果皮木质化程度呈显著或极显著相关。经过逐步回归，10个性状与裂果有直接和间接效应，决定系数为1.000，剩余通径系数为0.001 8。外果皮木质化程度对裂果的直接作用最大，直接通径系数达到0.796，可将其作为筛选抗裂品种的重要参考性状。     

Methyl jasmonate treatment promotes flower opening of cut Eustoma by inducing cell wall loosening proteins in petals

Establishing the technique for controlling the rate of cut flower opening is important to maintain appropriate cut flower supplies to meet consumer demand. Cut flowers of Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. were held in a vase solution containing (±)-abscisic acid (ABA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), gibberellic acid-3 (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 100 μM. MeJA accelerated flower opening. Only the timing of flowering was earlier, and there was no change in maximum flower diameter at the fully open stage. Expansin and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), regarded as cell wall loosing proteins, participate in petal growth from bud stage to the fully open stage in Eustoma. MeJA also accelerated the expression of EgEXPA2, EgEXPA3 and EgXTH1 mRNA and the accumulation of expansin and XTH protein in petals. Meanwhile, the acceleration of both flower opening and expression of these genes was not observed by ABA, BA or GA treatment. It was proposed that early flower opening by JA treatment resulted from petal cell wall loosening by accelerated expression of expansin and XTH.