南方地区高水分玉米安全度夏技术探讨

根据水分的高低,对新收购的高水分玉米分别储存在露天囤和高大平房仓中,将露天囤里的玉米通风降水后转入高大平房仓储存,再对玉米通风降温,并采取仓房密封、悬挂防晒网、空调控温等配套措施控制粮温,期间采取磷化铝多次补药熏蒸杀灭粮堆内害虫及霉菌,使玉米安全度夏。     

Changes in the properties of rice varieties with different amylose content on dry heat parboiling

Dry heat parboiling is a unique paddy processing technique that has been scarcely exploited. Dry heat parboiling at high temperature for short time and low temperature for long time on physical and physicochemical properties of three rice varieties differing in amylose content were studied. Hardness of the kernels increased from 66.4 N, 68.8 N and 59.8 N in raw samples to 89.1 N, 86.9 N and 59.8 N in parboiled high amylose, low amylose and waxy rice samples respectively. Rapid migration and evaporation of water from severely heated kernels caused cavity formation at the centre. Irreversible damage of amylopectin structures to leachable fractions caused continuous rise of the pasting curve. Crystallinity was thereby reduced. Parboiled high amylose samples gave X-ray diffraction patterns with peaks characteristic of A, B and V-type starch crystallinity. Crystalline starch-lipid complexes were observed in low amylose and waxy rices. The significant increase in the amount of rapidly digestible starch from 56.7%, 61.7% and 66.6% in raw samples to 92.1%, 90.8% and 94.8% respectively in severely processed rice samples and subsequent reduction in resistant starch from 24.5%, 21.2% and 18.4% to 0.4%, 1.9% and 0.1% indicated possibilities for targeted food use of the dry heat parboiled samples.     

直剪法用于糙米内摩擦角的测定与研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪（直剪仪）,以水分含量14.57%的糙米为样品,测定了在不同的法向压应力、不同的剪切速率下糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明：糙米的剪切应力随着法向压应力（25kPa～100kPa）的增大而增大;剪切速率（1.33mm/min～2.67mm/min）较低时糙米的内摩擦角随着法向压应力的增大而减小;随着剪切速率（1.33mm/min～5.20mm/min）的增大,糙米的内摩擦角减小。     

Antiinflammatory activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Glucomoringin (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate) (GMG) is an uncommon member of glucosinolate group belonging to the Moringaceae family, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. is the most widely distributed. Bioactivation of GMG with the enzyme myrosinase forms the corresponding isothiocyanate (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate) (GMG-ITC), which can play a key role in antitumoral activity and counteract the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GMG-ITC treatment in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease with neurodegeneration characterized by demyelinating plaques, neuronal, and axonal loss.For this reason, C57Bl/6 male mice were injected with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 which is able to evoke an autoimmune response against myelin fibers miming human multiple sclerosis physiopatogenesis.Results clearly showed that the treatment was able to counteract the inflammatory cascade that underlies the processes leading to severe MS. In particular, GMG-ITC was effective against proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Oxidative species generation including the influence of iNOS, nitrotyrosine tissue expression and cell apoptotic death pathway was also evaluated resulting in a lower Bax/Bcl-2 unbalance. Taken together, this work adds new interesting properties and applicability of GMG-ITC and this compound can be suggested as a useful drug for the treatment or prevention of MS, at least in association with current conventional therapy.     

稻谷籽粒的压缩特性与含水率关系的实验研究

通过Brookfield质构仪测定了不同含水率的稻谷籽粒(含水率为10.63%、12.25%、13.71%、15.18%、16.53%w.b.)在Z轴(短轴)方向上的压缩特性(破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、最大接触应力、破坏应变),得出含水率对稻谷压缩特性的影响规律。实验结果表明:随着压缩形变的增加,稻谷籽粒受到的压力逐渐增加,当到达破裂点时达到最大值,随之急剧减小。随着含水率的增加,稻谷籽粒的压缩破坏力、破坏能、表观接触弹性模量、破坏应力逐渐减小,压缩破坏应变逐渐增加。     

纤维素替代淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响

【目的】 探究纤维素替代淀粉对肌原纤维蛋白凝胶特性的影响,为纤维素替代淀粉在香肠中的运用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】 以添加不同比例的淀粉/纤维素-肌原纤维蛋白为模拟体系,研究复合凝胶的持水性、色差、质构特性以及断裂形变时的应力应变,分析动态升温流变特性、蠕变回复特性,观察淀粉/纤维素-肌原纤维蛋白的空间分布和三维网络结构。【结果】 增加淀粉和纤维素的添加比例,可以改善复合凝胶的持水性和储能模量。淀粉和纤维素添加比例分别从0增加到2.0%时,硬度、咀嚼度逐渐增加到最大值,与对照组相比,硬度分别提高29.47%和43.69%,咀嚼度分别提高34.82%和41.58%,L*、白度有减小的趋势。复合凝胶断裂形变时应力应变结果表明,添加2.0%纤维素时的应力（9 681.86 Pa）为最大值,应变（1.14）为最小值。复合凝胶的蠕变模量值随着淀粉和纤维素添加比例增加而逐步减小,相同添加比例条件下纤维素组复合凝胶的蠕变模量值减小更明显。石蜡切片显示,淀粉和纤维素只是简单地镶嵌在凝胶网络结构中,并没有与蛋白发生交联,其中纤维素在肌原纤维蛋白凝胶体系中形成的不规则区域更大。微观结构显示,对照组表面粗糙,空洞较多;添加淀粉和纤维素后,复合凝胶变得均匀致密,空洞减少;相同添加比例条件下,纤维素组的蛋白网络结构具有更好的均匀性和致密性。【结论】 淀粉和纤维素添加到肌原纤维蛋白中,两者都可以改善复合凝胶的持水性、色差、质构特性、断裂形变时应力应变、流变特性以及微观结构,但是纤维素对复合凝胶的改善效果更显著。因此,纤维素作为淀粉替代物在凝胶类香肠中的应用具有可行性。     

乳源蜡样芽胞杆菌耐药性、毒力因子检测及分子特征研究

为了解乳品来源蜡样芽胞杆菌携带的毒力因子、分子特征及耐药性,对2016—2019年分离自乳品的122株蜡样芽胞杆菌,采用纸片扩散法（K-B纸片法）测定了分离株对氯霉素、庆大霉素等9种抗生素的耐药性,使用聚合酶链式反应法检测了菌株携带的毒力因子,同时采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（pulsed field gel electrophoresis,PFGE）检测分离株的分子特征。结果表明,122株蜡样芽胞杆菌均对氯霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星敏感;对红霉素、克林霉素和环丙沙星的中介率分别为5.74%、4.92%和0.82%, 9.84%的菌株对复方新诺明具有耐药性,8.20%的菌株对四环素具有耐药性,4.10%的菌株对利福平具有耐药性。122株蜡样芽孢杆菌都检出了蜡样芽孢杆菌的非溶血型肠毒素基因nheA、nheB及肠毒素FM基因entFM;nheC、bceT、cytK、hblA、hblC、hblD、ces和EM1基因的检出率分别为99.18%、37.70%、31.15%、29.51%、24.59%、8.20%、、6.56%和6.56%。122株蜡样芽胞杆菌被分成15簇,未见明显的优势带型。由此可见,2016—2019年收集的蜡样芽胞杆菌乳品分离株携带多种毒力基因,约10%的菌株对复方新诺明、四环素、利福平等具有耐药性,PFGE呈现多种带型,为蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的食源性疾病的预警、预防和治疗提供参考。     

大豆表观接触弹性模量的测定

利用质构仪按照美国农业与生物工程师协会ASAE S368.4DEC2000(R2006)标准,结合大豆的生理结构特点,对2011年东北黑龙江产大豆样品分别从长(L),宽(W),高(H)对应的Z、Y、X三个方向进行了压缩实验,测量了加载载荷与对应变形量的关系,运用SPSS软件对数据进行分析处理.得到大豆的表观接触弹性模量、最大破坏力、最大破坏能、破坏点的变形量、破坏点的变形百分比。     

臭氧对两种主要储粮真菌的抑制作用研究

研究了常温下不同浓度臭氧、不同处理时间对两种主要储粮霉菌黄曲霉、黑曲霉的生长抑制作用（菌落生长法）,以及臭氧对两种霉菌的菌落形态、菌丝结构的影响。结果表明,臭氧对两种霉菌菌落生长均表现出抑制作用,并且随着臭氧浓度的提高、处理时间的延长,抑制效果愈加显著;臭氧处理可使两种霉菌菌落褪色,菌丝发生弯曲、断裂或局部膨大,甚至使细胞发生胞溶。分析可知,在本实验条件下臭氧浓度170mg/m^3～190mg/m^3、处理6h对两种霉菌的抑制效果较为理想。     

Effects of ultrasound and high pressure argon on physico-chemical properties of white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during postharvest storage

Effects of high pressure argon (H), ultrasound (U) and their combination treatments (UH) on physico-chemical characteristics of white mushrooms were studied during 9 d of postharvest storage at 4 °C. H treated samples exhibited the smallest weight loss and respiration rate compared to all other samples. Mass losses after 9 d of storage were 3.01%, 5.09%, 5.39% and 9.59% for H, UH, U and untreated mushrooms, respectively. Furthermore, U treated samples showed lower polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO, E.C. 1.14.18.1) during storage while UH treated samples showed a slight increase in antioxidant capacity during storage and also experienced reduced mass loss and respiration rate. In addition, treated samples were effective in retaining mushrooms colour changes compared to control. Physico-chemical properties of differently treated mushrooms (UH, H and U) stored at 4 °C were significantly different (p < 0.05) from control.