稀释液渗透压对绵羊精液冷冻效果的影响

本试验对绵羊冻精采用两次稀释时,从调整Ⅱ液中葡萄糖含量和降低甘油浓度两方面,改变稀释液的渗透压,测定冻精效果。先增减糖的比例,配制9-2(对照), 84-1和84-2等试验组,其稀释Ⅱ液渗透压1191,1026、1499mmol/kg,获冻精情期产羔母羊率61.69, 63.31, 54.55(P<0.05)。随后, 以84-1为对照,降低甘油浓度,设3个试验组,即87-2,88-1和88-1a,渗透压相应为747,456,463mmol/kg,冻精情期受胎率1987年84-1,87-2为65.37,67.37;1988年87-2,88-1,88-1a为63.16,62.50,46.55(P<0.05)。试验说明,绵羊冻精采取2次稀释法,第Ⅱ液以4％甘油,渗透压为747mmol/kg时,冻精效果最佳。     

新疆沙尔套山四季放牧草地主要牧草营养价值变化特征研究

以新疆昭苏县域内沙尔套山分布的12种主要牧草为研究对象,对其营养物质和瘤胃体外消化率特征进行分析,以期揭示各牧草营养物质和消化率的季节性变化规律。结果表明,各牧草的营养物质含量和消化率特征指标均存在明显的季节性变化规律。通过模糊相似优先比分析,综合营养物质(干物质、粗蛋白、中/酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分)和瘤胃体外消化率特征(有机物消化率、代谢能)的8项指标进行综合营养价值评价,主要结论为:1)研究区放牧草地12种主要牧草中针茅、芨芨草、紫花鸢尾综合营养价值最佳季节在春季营养生长期(6月),其余牧草均为夏季开花期(7月)。2)春季营养生长期(6月)和秋季果后营养期(9月),综合营养价值最好的均为鸭茅;夏季开花期(7月),综合价值最好的牧草为西伯利亚羽衣草;秋季结实期(8月),综合营养价值最好的牧草为红花车轴草;冬季停止生长(10月)和枯草期(11月),综合营养价值最好的分别为针茅和紫花鸢尾。     

表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌的构建及蛋白免疫原性分析

试验旨在构建能表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV）E2抗原蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis），为进一步研制BVDV乳酸菌口服活载体疫苗奠定基础。将BVDV E2基因克隆后测序，根据乳酸乳球菌的密码子偏嗜性进行优化，再将优化的基因片段插入表达载体pNZ8148中，并电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000感受态细胞，构建重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000，经1 ng/mL乳链菌肽诱导表达后，对菌体物进行了SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析。将重组乳酸菌pNZ8148-E2/NZ9000口服免疫6~12月龄健康犊牛，在免疫后不同时间点采集血液样品并分离血清，用间接ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果显示，PCR扩增到了1 149 bp的目的片段，乳酸菌密码子偏嗜性优化后，GC含量从45.28%变为34.30%。重组质粒pNZ8148-E2经酶切鉴定插入片段与预期大小相符，在菌体裂解物中出现大小约42 ku的条带，与预期蛋白大小一致，且该蛋白可与BVDV E2抗体反应。在免疫犊牛的血清中检测到特异性抗BVDV E2蛋白的抗体。本研究结果表明，表达BVDV E2蛋白的重组乳酸菌口服免疫可诱导犊牛产生特异性的体液免疫反应，该重组菌具有较好的免疫原性。     

维药菊苣提取物对Balb/c小鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用研究

目的 探讨维药菊苣正丁醇提取物（CGB）抗雄性小鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用。方法 采用刀豆凝集素（Con A）在Balb/c雄性小鼠诱导肝纤维化，造模成功后第6周分别用低剂量（100 mg/kg）和高剂量（500 mg/kg）CGB干预治疗，并以秋水仙碱（0.1 mg/kg）做阳性对照。治疗第10周处死小鼠留取肝脏组织和血清，比较各组小鼠肝功能、关键性肝纤维化指标。病理分析肝脏组织变化和TGF-β1/Smad信号通路相关因子表达差异。结果 与模型组比较，CGB治疗组的肝功能指标（ALT，AST）和血清肝纤四项指标（PC-Ⅲ、CIV、LN和HA）指标不同程度降低（P＜0.05）；肝组织TGF-β1蛋白表达下降，Smad7蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）。肝脏组织病理显示，不同剂量CGB治疗均能一定程度上减缓小鼠肝纤维化的发展。结论 CGB具有抗肝纤维化的活性，影响TGF-β1/Smad信号通路可能是其潜在的抗肝纤维化作用机制。     

Effect of Alfalfa Flavonoids on Growth Performance and Serum Indexes of Sheep

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of alfalfa flavonoids (Medicago sativa) on growth performance and serum indexes of sheep.This experiment was performed with hybrid F1 sheep of Suffolk sheep×Small-tailed Han sheep.Twenty-eight sheep with the body weight of (27.02±3.03) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 7 replicates in each group and 1 sheep per replicate.Sheep in different groups were fed diets with 0 (group Ⅰ), 0.1% (group Ⅱ), 0.2%(group Ⅲ) and 0.4% (group Ⅳ) alfalfa flavonoids, respectively.The experiment was cosisted of 7-day-preliminary trial and 41-day-formal trial.The results showed as follows:① Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had no significant effects on growth performance of sheep(P>0.05).② Dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids had significant effects on the contents of GLB, ASP, BUN, HDL and P in serum (P<0.05).Serum GLB content at the 1st day in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in groupsⅠand Ⅱ(P<0.05), serum ASP contents at the 1st and 21th days in group Ⅳ were significantly lower than those in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum BUN content at the 1st day in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ(P<0.05), serum HDL content at the 21th day in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05), serum P content in group Ⅳ at the 21th day was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation of alfalfa flavonoids might modulate lipid metabolism, improve nitrogen utilization, maintain energy metabolic and balance Ca and P contents, and have the potential function for promoting growth and no adverse effect on liver.The results suggested that the appropriate supplemental level of alfalfa flavonoids for sheep was 0.2%.     

Land surface temperature retrieval for arid regions based on Landsat-8 TIRS data:a case study in Shihezi,Northwest China

Scientific interest in geophysical information about land surface temperature （LST） is ever increasing, as such information provides a base for a large number of applications, including environmental and agricultural monitoring. Therefore, the research of LST retrieval has become a hot topic. Recent availability of Landsat-8 satel- lite imagery provides a new data source for LST retrieval. Hence, exploring an adaptive method with reliable ac- curacy seems to be essential. In this study, basing on features of Landsat-8 TIRS thermal infrared channels, we re-calculated parameters in the atmospheric transmittance empirical models of the existing split-window algorithm, and estimated the ground emissivity with the help of the land cover classification map of the study area. Further- more, a split-window algorithm was rebuilt by virtual of the estimation model of the updated atmospheric transmit- tance and the ground emissivity, and then a remote sensing retrieval for the LST of Shihezi city in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of Northwest China was conducted on the basis of this modified algorithm. Finally, precision validation of the new model was implemented by using the MODIS LST products. The results showed that the LST retrieval from Landsat-8 TIRS data based on our algorithm has a higher credibility, and the retrieved LST is more consistent with the MODIS LST products. This indicated that the modified algorithm is suitable for retrieving LST with competitive accuracy. With higher resolutions, Landsat-8 TIRS data may provide more accurate observation for LST retrieval.     

Vineyard soil bacterial diversity and composition revealed by 16S rRNA genes: Differentiation by geographic features

Here, we examine soil-borne microbial biogeography as a function of the features that define an American Viticultural Area (AVA), a geographically delimited American wine grape-growing region, defined for its distinguishing features of climate, geology, soils, physical features (topography and water), and elevation. In doing so, we lay a foundation upon which to link the terroir of wine back to the soil-borne microbial communities. The objective of this study is to elucidate the hierarchy of drivers of soil bacterial community structure in wine grape vineyards in Napa Valley, California. We measured differences in the soil bacterial and archaeal community composition and diversity by sequencing the fourth variable region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S V4 rDNA). Soil bacterial communities were structured with respect to soil properties and AVA, demonstrating the complexity of soil microbial biogeography at the landscape scale and within the single land-use type. Location and edaphic variables that distinguish AVAs were the strongest explanatory factors for soil microbial community structure. Notably, the relationship with TC and TN of the <53 μm and 53–250 μm soil fractions offers support for the role of bacterial community structure rather than individual taxa on fine soil organic matter content. We reason that AVA, climate, and topography each affect soil microbial communities through their suite of impacts on soil properties. The identification of distinctive soil microbial communities associated with a given AVA lends support to the idea that soil microbial communities form a key in linking wine terroir back to the biotic components of the soil environment, suggesting that the relationship between soil microbial communities and wine terroir should be examined further.     

113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价

种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料，通过2年田间种植，对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异，其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000～111.560 g与36.310～159.780 g，单株干草产量分别为12.000～27.000 g与9.150～30.150 g，鲜干比分别为2.380～4.370与2.610～6.210，饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%～13.259%与6.680%～14.304%，饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%～74.850%与53.850%～67.980%，酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%～42.780%与29.000%～39.280%，饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650～128.150与79.840～113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974～2.075。主成分分析表明，饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分，其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量...     

新疆某牧场乳房炎奶样的细菌分离鉴定与药物敏感试验

目前,乳房炎仍然是奶牛养殖过程中最常见和最严重的疾病之一,每年给我国奶牛养殖业造成巨大的损失。为了解新疆某规模化牧场奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌,通过实验鉴定和分离其场内乳房炎奶样的致病菌,并进行药物敏感试验,以期为奶牛乳房炎临床治疗以及预防提供有效指导意见。试验结果分离到大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,表明该牧场乳房炎是由多种致病菌引起的。药敏试验结果显示,头孢吡肟、头孢曲松对上述致病菌抑制效果最佳。     

利用固液分离技术对规模化奶牛场的粪污治理

针对规模化奶牛场的粪污处理问题,利用了固液分离技术,对奶牛场内环境治理,尤其是圈舍内的清粪环节进行减量化改进。从技术角度上优化畜舍内的环境质量,从而弥补国内外现有畜禽养殖业中粪污治理模式中的弱项。本文以天津和润畜牧养殖有限责任公司的规模化奶牛场为试验点,对其产生的粪污进行技术化固液分离,分离后的固体粪便经发酵、晾晒后可作为奶牛的卧床垫料而重复利用。污水经稀释匀浆后储存于贮水池,在采用固液分离技术后,每天的产污水量下降了22%,粪污总量约下降21%。通过技术改进,固液分离处理后的粪污中,总悬浮颗粒物占比降低,污水中总氮和总磷含量降低,化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）降低60%以上,水质得到提升。固液分离技术可为规模化养殖业提供更加便捷高效的处理粪污、降低污染物含量的产业化排污模式,使规模化养殖产品更加安全健康,同时也可以使人民的日常饮食得到安全保障。