王正非林火蔓延模型改进研究

王正非林火蔓延模型是目前国内比较先进的森林火灾蔓延模型,但是由于林火行为的复杂性,此模型在准确率和普适性方面仍存在许多不足。本文结合已有的成果进一步改进王正非模型,增加了可燃物湿度对林火蔓延速度的影响,改进了林火初始速度的计算方式。针对各种坡度对林火蔓延行为的影响给出了一个计算公式。与改进前相比,改进后的模型使其对林火蔓延情况的预估更为精准。     

建设节约型楼房养猪模式

2021年3月份的时候，生猪价格还维持在30元/kg（15元1斤）左右，从此开始了断崖式的下滑，一路下滑到每斤6元左右，直接跌破成本线。这个过程你我都是亲历者，很多猪场都到了生死边缘。这波猪肉价格下滑，既合理又不合理，合理在于周期已经到了，猪价维持在高峰阶段已经很久了；不合理的地方是价格下降太快，让很多人措手不及，甚至很多人还抱有幻想很快能涨回来，很多大公司的建设计划也表明，其实大公司也是看好今年的猪肉价格的。     

金融管理对中小饲料企业融资难的影响及解决

我国饲料行业已从发展的快速增长期步入成熟期。当前,饲料企业数量众多,分布广泛,但不少饲料企业规模较小,市场竞争力弱,急需进行转型升级。由于中小饲料企业信用评级低,经营风险大,且资产抵押物少,导致企业融资渠道较为狭窄,融资成本高。融资难的问题已经成为了制约饲料企业发展、扩大企业规模、提升企业技术水平的瓶颈。金融管理作为提升企业管理水平、优化金融管理的重要手段,对帮助或解决中小饲料企业融资难有一定的效果。因此,本文以中小饲料企业融资难问题为切入点,通过分析金融管理对融资难的影响,归纳总结出当前中小饲料企业金融管理的问题和解决对策,为饲料行业转型升级提供理论参考。     

Effects of Haematococcus pluvialis on the water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei using artificial substrates and water exchange systems

Two kinds of culture systems were constructed, namely, an artificial substrate system (novel sponge biocarrier, SB) and a water exchange system (WE), to evaluate the effects of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis on the water quality and performance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The results showed that the average NH₄⁺-N concentration with H. pluvialis was lower than those without it. The average concentration of NO₂^?-N and NO₃^?-N in SB system were significantly decreased than those present in WE system, but there was no significant difference in SB system. The growth performance of shrimp with H. pluvialis was superior to that without it. The final average weight and growth rate of shrimp in SB1 and WE1 tanks were differed significantly among that present in SB2 and WE2 tanks (p?<?0.05). SB1 tended to have the highest average weight gain and lowest feed conversion ratio. The shrimp survival was significantly higher in SB1 and WE1 tanks (89.06% and 82.29%, respectively) than that present in SB2 and WE2 tanks (78.13% and 48.44%, p?<?0.05). The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the diversity of bacterial communities and the abundance of bacteria related to the nitrogen cycle and the degradation of organic matter were increased. The present study showed that H. pluvialis had positive effects on shrimp culture in using artificial substrate system and water exchange system.

     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

种植密度和行距配置对玉米群体光分布与群体光合特性的影响

随密度增加,群体内光合有效辐射(PAR)总截获率相应增大,上层截获率增大,穗位叶层和下层截获率下降。三个密度条件下,总截获率、穗位叶层及下层截获率均以"80+40"配置为最高;上部截获率以"60+60"配置最高,且随着大行距的增大呈递减趋势。花后群体光合速率(CAP)随密度增加相应升高;同一密度下,各行距配置间表现为"80+40">"70+50">"60+60">"90+30",且随密度增大差异变大。群体呼吸效率(CR)花后呈现先降低、后升高的趋势;不同生育期均表现为随密度增加而增大的趋势。群体呼吸速率占群体总光合的比例(CR/TCAP)随密度增大而增大;相同密度下,"80+40"配置显著低于其他配置,且随密度增大表现更加突出。     

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对樱桃谷肉种鸭产蛋性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋氨酸水平对樱桃谷肉种鸭产蛋性能的影响。选取44周龄樱桃谷肉种鸭4 980只,随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复332只(公鸭57只,母鸭275只)。5组试验鸭分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.34%、0.38%、0.42%、0.46%和0.50%的试验饲粮(代谢能均为11.29 MJ/kg)。试验期为14周(44～57周龄)。结果表明:饲粮蛋氨酸水平对产蛋率和合格蛋率未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的增加,合格蛋率呈线性降低(R2=0.878 0,P<0.05),产蛋率呈二次曲线增加(R2=0.989 9,P<0.05),在饲粮蛋氨酸水平为0.42%时产蛋率达到最高(89.41%)。饲粮蛋氨酸水平对不合格蛋率和小蛋率未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。随饲粮蛋氨酸水平的增加,双黄蛋率呈线性降低(R2=0.954 7,P<0.05);小蛋率呈先下降后上升的趋势,在饲粮蛋氨酸水平为0.42%时达到最低(5.36%)。饲粮蛋氨酸水平对只产蛋数和只产合格蛋数未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋氨酸水平为0.42%时,肉种鸭只产蛋合格数最高(31.84枚)。饲粮蛋氨酸水平对平均蛋重有显著影响(P<0.05),对受精率无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋氨酸水平为0.46%时,平均蛋重最大(93.70 g),受精率最高(92.98%)。本试验条件下,蛋氨酸水平为0.42%时,樱桃谷肉种鸭在产蛋中后期(44～57周龄)可获得较佳的产蛋性能。     

电刺激对产后母猪行为及生产性能的影响

解救被压哺乳仔猪是提高规模化养殖场生产效益的重要手段,其中电刺激是最新技术之一,为优化目前电刺激技术研究参数单一,母猪过度反应等问题,该研究基于反应有效性和惊吓指数两类参数分析了产后母猪不同身体部位在不同刺激电压下的反应,确定了电刺激技术参数适宜值,并验证了该参数对母猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：电刺激装置通电0.5 s后,母猪在刺激电压2 000和2 400 V下的有效反应率皆为75%以上,且这2种刺激电压下发生有效反应的概率极显著高于1 200 V(P<0.01)。母猪腰部的有效反应率为70.8%,该部位发生有效反应的概率比侧腹部和大腿根部高将近3倍左右。当刺激部位为腰部,刺激电压为2 400 V时,母猪惊吓指数上限高于60%;当刺激部位为腰部,刺激电压2 000 V时,惊吓指数上限低于60%,综合有效反应和惊吓指数结果,建议电刺激适宜参数为：电压2 000 V,刺激部位为腰部。生产试验结果表明：在整个哺乳期,执行电刺激适宜参数的试验组母猪的平均日采食量（5.50 kg）和断奶窝质量（58.91 kg）略高于对照组的日采食量（5.45 kg）和断奶窝质量（58.42 kg）,但...     

生物有机肥对小麦生长发育的影响

试验以济麦22为材料,研究不同生物有机肥对小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明：在本试验条件下,施用生物有机肥可以使作物保持良好的生长发展态势,提高了小麦在苗期的根冠比,提高小麦旗叶中叶绿素的含量与叶面积指数,且能使叶绿素下降缓慢,延缓旗叶的衰老,从而达到旱地小麦增产的目的。     

一种快速高效提取花生叶片DNA的简化方法

为获得适用于高通量测序的高质量花生叶片DNA,本方法取第三对真叶为实验材料,设计烧制圆球状枪头和离心管装置代替研钵研磨,并在CTAB法的基础上在杂质沉淀前快速分离DNA等简化方法提取DNA。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果表明DNA条带清晰、完整性高。经超微量分光光度计检测,DNA浓度范围在104～131ng/μL,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀为1.7～2.0,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₃₀大于2.0,说明杂质少,可获得高纯度,高浓度的DNA。此方法与常用的植物基因组DNA提取方法相比,具有成本低、时间短、质量高的优点,可用于基因组重测序、分子生物学技术以及分子标记筛选等后续研究,可提高花生分子育种与筛选工作效率。