Civitas Pre-M1xed安全性评价及其对烟草赤星病的防治效果

Civitas Pre-M1xed (简称Civitas)是加拿大石油公司生产的一种食品级合成异链烷烃乳化剂化合物。本研究采用种子萌发和盆栽试验法评估了Civitas的安全性，同时利用菌丝生长速率法测定了烟草赤星病菌 Alternaria alternata 对Civitas的敏感性，并采取盆栽方式评估了Civitas对烟草赤星病的防治效果。结果表明:相较于对照(种子萌发率82.7%)，体积分数为1%和0.1% (体积分数，以下同)的Civitas水溶液对烟草种子的萌发无抑制作用，而5%和10% 的Civitas水溶液对种子的萌发有抑制作用，萌发率分别为58.3%和32.1%。20%和10%的Civitas水溶液对团棵期的烟株株高和茎围有一定抑制作用，而5%和1%的Civitas水溶液则无明显影响；尽管不同供试体积分数的Civitas水溶液对现蕾期的烟株株高生长无抑制作用，但20%和10% 的Civitas水溶液对该时期烟株的茎围生长有一定的抑制作用。此外，不同体积分数的Civitas水溶液对烟草赤星病菌均表现出一定程度的抑制活性，且随Civitas体积分数的增大而增强，20%的Civitas水溶液抑制率为54.1%。Civitas对烟草赤星病同时具有保护和治疗作用，5% 的Civitas水溶液直接喷洒烟叶10 d后，保护作用和治疗作用的防效分别为59.3%和19.6%。相关的研究结果可为Civitas的进一步安全性评价及潜在应用研究提供参考和依据。     

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.     

Culture of Eriocheir sinensis Larvae in Ponds in Greenhouse

A total of 15 pools were selected from a greenhouse, and they were randomly and evenly divided into three groups. In each group, one stocking density of Eriocheir sinensis was arranged. The results showed that after 45-d culture, the crab number per kilogram reached about 300 with survival rate of about 20%; the initial stocking density had significantly effect on the body size of E. sinensis on sel , instead on the survival rate of E. sinensis larvae. Therefore, it is feasible to conduct the culture of E. sinensis larvae in a pool in greenhouse.     

五种杀菌剂对烟草立枯病菌的生物活性

由立枯病丝核菌引起的烟草立枯病是我国烟草苗床上危害最严重的病害之一。本研究评价了5种杀菌剂 (嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺) 对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长、菌核形成和萌发的影响,以及其对烟草立枯病的防治效果。结果表明:立枯丝核菌菌丝对氟啶胺和嘧菌酯的敏感性高于丙环唑和啶酰菌胺,而对嘧霉胺的敏感性较低;嘧菌酯对菌核形成的抑制作用强于丙环唑、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和嘧霉胺;5种杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌菌核萌发均无抑制作用。在离体烟叶的保护活性方面,12.5和50 mg/L的嘧菌酯和啶酰菌胺对立枯病的保护作用优于氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺;在治疗活性方面,50和200 mg/L的嘧菌酯的治疗作用优于其他4种杀菌剂。因此,供试的5种杀菌剂中嘧菌酯最适合用于烟草立枯病的防治。     

Biocontrol of rice blast by the phenaminomethylacetic acid producer of Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BC79

Strain BC79, isolated from primeval forest soil in Qinling, Mountains, China, was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses as well as phylogenetic 16S rDNA sequencing data. This strain was able to suppress mycelial growth and conidial germination of numerous plant pathogenic fungi in dual cultures on solid media. For exploring potential biocontrol activity, we assessed fermentation conditions for studying B. meth1ylotrophicus BC79. The active substance of BC79, phenaminomethylacetic acid, was extracted by TLC and HPLC, and identified as the strongest inhibitory substance described in B. methylotrophicus. Experiments in a greenhouse showed that application of BC79 culture filtrates 24 h before inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast, had 89.87% biocontrol efficiency. B. methylotrophicus BC79 colonized rice plant tissues and at 10 days after filtrate application, its population in leaves (1.65 × 10⁸ CFU/g) was much larger than in stems (6.78 × 10⁷ CFU/g) or roots (3.56 × 10⁷ CFU/g). Field trials indicated that BC79 culture filtrate (4000 g/667 m²) showed the highest efficiency for M. oryzae, with 84.8% biocontrol effect, followed by of 15% phenaminomethylacetic acid extract (75.5%) and 20% tricyclazole (76.1%). Seedling and post-transplant stages were the best periods to apply BC79 for control of rice blast. The B. methylotrophicus BC79 strain hence has enormous potential as an agricultural agent for biocontrol of rice blast.     

无籽西瓜嫁接效应研究

在湖北荆州采用靠接法和顶插接法对郑抗无籽5号、郑抗无籽6号、黑元帅、黑将军等4个无籽西瓜品种进行了嫁接育苗与栽培效应研究。结果表明:采用嫁接栽培的西瓜显著降低了枯萎病的发病率、病情指数及病死株率,产量显著提高;采用靠接法的嫁接苗成活率和单果重显著高于顶插接法;采用顶插接果实中心可溶性固形物含量有提高的趋势;嫁接西瓜口感与自根西瓜无明显差异。郑抗无籽5号、6号的综合表现较优。     

大豆疫霉菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶pspg1基因的克隆及表达分析

大豆疫病严重影响我同及世界各国的农业生产,为探讨多聚半乳糖醛酸酶在大豆疫霉菌致病过程中的作用,采用PCR的方法从大豆疫霉菌中克隆了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶pspg1基因,并利用RT-PCR法对其在大豆中的表达进行了分析.结果表明:大豆疫霉菌pspg1基因开放阅读框长1236 bp,编码一个长412氨基酸的蛋白质.对其进化关系进行分析,发现该基因与其它卵菌的pg基因亲缘关系最近,形成一个独立的分支.RT-PCR分析表明:pspg1基因在接种大豆疫霉菌的大豆下胚轴中大量表达,而在健康大豆下胚轴中未检测到.克隆了大豆疫霉菌pspg1基因,并发现该基因在大豆疫霉菌侵染大豆过程中发挥重要作用.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and collembola non-additively increase soil aggregation

Soil aggregation is a principal ecosystem process mediated by soil biota. Collembola and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are important groups in the soil, and can interact in various ways. Few studies have examined collembola effects on soil aggregation, while many have quantified AM effects. Here, we asked if collembola have any effect on soil aggregation, and if they alter AM fungi-mediated effects on soil aggregation.We carried out a factorial greenhouse study, manipulating the presence of both collembola and AM fungi, using two different plant species, Sorghum vulgare and Daucus carota. We measured root length and biomass, AMF (and non-AMF) soil hyphal length, root colonization, and collembolan populations, and quantified water stable soil aggregates (WSA) in four size classes.Soil exposed to growth of AMF hyphae and collembola individually had higher WSA than control treatments. Moreover, the interaction effects between AMF and collembola were significant, with non-additive increases in the combined application compared to the single treatments.Our findings show that collembola can play a crucial role in maintaining ecological sustainability through promoting soil aggregation, and point to the importance of considering organism interactions in understanding formation of soil structure.     

荆州旅游产品开发研究

荆州市作为国家历史文化名城和楚文化的发源地，旅游业面临着高层次的机遇与挑战。目前荆州市的旅游发展尚处于初级阶段。系统分析了荆州旅游开发的背景条件，并在此基础上提出了旅游产品开发的思路。     

低海拔地区浙江红花油茶无性系的开花物候特性

为研究低海拔区域浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候特性,对浙江金华东方红林场的22个浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候、花期长短、开花数量进行了调查观测。结果表明:低海拔地区浙江红花油茶无性系花期始于1月下旬,结束于4月中下旬,花期长达62.5 d,花期较集中,但开花期容易受到气候的影响。不同浙江红花油茶无性系开花物候差异显著,开花期最早的是无性系dy144,最晚的是无性系hy31。花期持续时间最长的是无性系hy54、hy179,花期持续时间均值为53.5 d;最短的是无性系hy58,花期持续时间均值为26.5d。22个无性系之间开花数量存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。根据本试验的研究结果,其中无性系dy156、hy8、hy28、hy31、hy43、hy47、hy59、hy63、hy54、hy71、hy179可以考虑作为园林观赏推广品种。