种植密度对夏玉米形态指标、耗水量及产量的影响

以郑单958夏玉米为试材,设种植密度52 500株/hm2、60 000株/hm2、675 000株/hm2和75 000株/hm2共4个处理,通过防雨棚下测坑试验,研究了不同种植密度对夏玉米形态指标、耗水量、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:各密度群体LAI动态变化呈单峰曲线趋势,随密度增加峰值增大,处理间株高差异不明显;夏玉米全生育期耗水量随种植密度的增加而增加;棵间土壤蒸发量随种植密度的增加而减少;不同处理阶段耗水量和日耗水强度总体变化趋势一致,相差幅度不大;产量随种植密度增加而增加,产量构成因素则随种植密度增加呈现减少趋势。研究结果可为夏玉米节水高产栽培提供参考依据。     

调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌棉花生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响

在干旱的新疆乌鲁木齐采用人工控水试验,研究了调亏灌溉对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育和最终产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,要获得较高的产量和水分利用效率,膜下滴灌棉花全生育期内的灌水量应控制在450 mm左右;适时适度的水分亏缺虽然降低了总生物量,但由于作物的亏水补偿效应不但提高了生殖器官在总生物量中的分配比例,而且有利于光合产物向经济产量的转移,水分利用效率明显提高;适时适度的亏水处理1,其最终收获产量和水分利用效率比充分供水的对照处理提高了1.7%和17.0%。实现了以农田水分管理来调控光合产物的分配,减少作物的生长冗余,提高了农业水资源的利用效率。     

氨基酸螯合铜在动物生产中的应用

氨基酸螯合铜是一种有机微量元素添加剂,与硫酸铜等无机铜相比,氨基酸螯合铜具有其独特的优点,如能够减轻铜与其他营养物质的颉颃,促进铜和其它矿物质元素的吸收利用,减少由于铜排放对环境造成的污染,减少由于铜颉颃对饲料中其它营养成分的破坏等,但其生物学利用率变异较大。氨基酸螯合铜在实际生产中,能够促进动物的生长发育,提高饲料利用率,改善胴体品质,提高繁殖性能,同时还具有抗生物氧化、调节内分泌和免疫等一系列功能。今后应对氨基酸螯合铜在动物体内的消化吸收和代谢机制,生理功能,添加使用方法及生产工艺等方面进行深入研究,提高其利用率,以获得最佳的经济效益。     

钙和赤霉素对棉花种子发芽力及活力的影响

研究了不同浓度的Ca2 和GA处理液对棉花种子发芽及活力的影响。结果表明:适宜浓度的GA和Ca2 可显著增加种子的发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,其中以100mg/kgGA和1?2 浓度处理效果较好。药剂复合处理以50mg/kgGA 1?2 和100mg/kgGA 0.1?2 的效果最好。     

陆地棉Pht1家族成员的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

【目的】磷是植物三大必需矿质元素之一,对植物的生长发育至关重要。Pht1家族的磷酸盐转运蛋白在植物磷吸收和转运方面具有重要作用,然而关于该基因的系统研究工作尚很少开展。本研究旨在进行Pht1家族成员全基因组鉴定和表达模式分析。【方法】通过生物信息学的方法对陆地棉Pht1家族成员的基因结构、编码蛋白质的结构、染色体定位、基因复制和表达情况等进行全面分析。【结果】(1)在陆地棉的基因组中共鉴定到17个磷酸盐转运蛋白基因(GhPT),其中A亚组包含8个GhPT,D亚组包含9个GhPT;(2)棉花GhPT蛋白之间序列相似性很高,并均具有12个疏水的跨膜区域;(3)进化分析表明这些GhPT蛋白主要聚为2大组(GroupⅠ和GroupⅡ),位于同一组的GhPT的编码基因大部分具有相似的内含子/外显子分布模式;(4)17个GhPT基因不均匀分布在A亚组和D亚组中的5条染色体上,串联复制和片段复制可能导致GhPT基因在陆地棉中的扩增;(5)表达模式分析表明,GhPT6和GhPT14在根中表达量最高,且同时响应低磷和低钾胁迫诱导并上调表达。【结论】这些结果将有助于深入了解Pht1家族基因的功能及离子信号途径相互作用的分子机制。     

玉米苗期生长发育对钾浓度的响应

为探讨钾用量和留苗株数对玉米苗期生长发育相关指标的影响,在水培条件下,以‘粒收1号’为材料,设置不同钾浓度梯度(K₁：1.35 mmol/L、K₂：1.85 mmol/L、K₃：2.35 mmol/L、K₄：2.85 mmol/L)和不同留苗株数（D₁：4株/盆、D₂：8株/盆）,研究玉米苗期株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、根冠比、叶面积以及叶绿素含量对钾浓度和留苗株数的响应。结果表明：施用钾肥对玉米生长有促进作用,在D₁处理条件下,植株间竞争小,养分充足,玉米生长更旺盛,所测指标均显著高于D₂。随着钾浓度的增加,D₁处理条件下,株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株总鲜重均表现为K₄最大,K₁最小。D₂处理条件下,玉米的株高、总绿叶面积和SPAD值表现为K₂处理最大,均显著大于其他处理。茎粗、单株生物量、总绿叶面积和SPAD值呈先增加后降低的趋势,K₂、K₃、K₄处理间无显著性差异。分析2处理在不同浓度下的根冠比显示D₁处理在K₁浓度下根冠比较大,D₂处理在中高浓度下较大。     

Dopamine in substantia nigra is involved in the regulation of synthesis and lipolysis of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue in rats

AIM: To observe the alterations of fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson disease (PD) rat model. METHODS: SD rats (n=20) were randomly divided into PD model group and control group. 6-OHDA was injected into bilateral substantia nigra (SN) of the rats in PD model group, and the same volume of saline was injected into the same position of the rats in control group. Food intake was measured daily. Six weeks after operation, rotarod test was performed, and the body weight and rWAT weight of the rats were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was used to observed the change of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in SN. HE staining was used to observe the morphological change of adipocytes in rWAT, and the diameter of adipocytes was measured by ImageJ software. The protein levels of TH in SN, and FAS, p-HSL and HSL in rWAT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, TH-positive neurons in SN were significantly reduced, and the motor ability of PD model rats was significantly decreased. No obvious change of daily food intake and body weight was observed, but the ratio of rWAT weight/body weight and the diameter of adipocytes in rWAT of PD model rats were significantly decreased. The protein level of FAS was decreased significantly. The protein level of p-HSL was increased significantly, while the protein level of HSL did not change. CONCLUSION: Dopamine in SN is involved in the regulation of rWAT synthesis and lipolysis in rats. The metabolic changes of rWAT caused by the destroy of SN may be related to the weight loss of PD patients.     

Rapamycin reduces SH-SY5Y cell damage induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation

AIM: To observe the effect of rapamycin (Rapa) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to explore the role of autophagy in this process. METHODS: The SH-SY5Y cells were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group:the cells were cultured without OGD treatment; Rapa group:the cells were pretreated with Rapa for 1 h; OGD group:the culture medium was replaced by glucose-free medium and the cells were transferred to a humidified incubation chamber flushed by a gas mixture of 1% O₂, 94% N₂ and 5% CO₂ for 12 h; Rapa+OGD group:the cultured cells were treated with Rapa for 1 h, and then were given the same treatments as those in OGD group. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The degree of the cell damage was evaluated by determining the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The enzyme activity of caspase-3 was detected. TUNEL staining were used to detect the variation of cell apoptosis. The protein levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2, autophagy-related protein beclin-1 and autophagy marker protein LC3B were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with OGD group, the viability of the SH-SY5Y cells was significantly increased, and the activity of caspase-3 was significantly reduced in Rapa+OGD group (P<0.05). The SH-SY5Y cell injury was apparent after OGD with a great increase in the apoptotic rate (P<0.05). Compared with OGD group, the apoptotic rate significantly decreased in Rapa+OGD group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the protein level of Bax was significantly increased in OGD group. Compared with OGD group, the levels of Bcl-2, beclin-1 and LC3B-Ⅱ were significantly increased and the protein level of Bax was significantly increased in Rapa+OGD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rapamycin has a protective effect on in vitro cultured SH-SY5Y cells injured by OGD. The mechanism may be related to the promotion of autophagy.     

Rhein attenuates bleomycin-induced rats pulmonary fibrosis through TGF-β1/Smad pathway by inhibiting miR-21 expression

AIM: To investigate the effect of rhein on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling molecules in rats. METHODS: A single dose of bleomycin was intratracheal injected into the SD rats to induce pulmonary fibrosis. After injection of bleomycin, the rats were randomly divided into low-, medium-and high-dose rhein treatment groups and model group. The rats that were instilled with normal saline intratracheally served as control group. After the treatment for 28 d, the pulmonary pathologic changes were observed under microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The lung coefficient and hydroxyproline content were also measured. The expression of miR-21 and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad7 in the lung tissues were detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad7 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Rhein significantly attenuated the experimental alveolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung coefficient and hydroxyproline contents in the rats. Rhein obviously decreased the expression of miR-21,and the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, but significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of Smad7 in the lung tissues. CONCLUSION: Rhein effectively prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of miR-21 and promoting the expression of Smad7, thus regulating the TGF/Smad signaling pathway to decrease extracellular matrix deposition.