Panax notoginseng saponins suppress oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells

AIM To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). METHODS The OGD/R was conducted to induce ischemia/reperfusion injury in SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of PNS on the viability (detected by CCK-8 assay) and membrane permeability [indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and propidium iodide (PI) staining positive cell proportion] of OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells were observed. The protein levels of gasdermin D (GSDMD), GSDMD N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N), caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 in the cells were also determined. RESULTS After exposure to OGD/R, the viability of SH-SY5Y cells dramatically decreased (P<0.01), while the LDH leakage, the PI staining positive cell proportion, the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased (P<0.01). However, PNS treatment enhanced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells inhibited by OGD/R (P<0.01), but reduced the leakage of LDH and the percentage of PI staining positive cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, PNS reversed the increases in the protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD-N, caspase-1 and caspase-4 and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Treatment with PNS alleviates OGD/R-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Its mechanism may be related to inhibition of SH-SY5Y cell pyroptosis induced by OGD/R.     

健脾解毒方对大肠癌细胞mTOR信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨健脾解毒方对大肠癌细胞增殖的影响及可能作用机制。方法 采用水提法制作健脾解毒方提取物,利用超高效液相-高分辨飞行时间质谱法分析健脾解毒方的主要成分,MTT法检测健脾解毒方对大肠癌细胞增殖的影响,Graphpad Prism5软件计算IC₅₀值,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,Western Blot技术检测Phospho-mTOR、Phospho-P53和P21的蛋白表达。结果 健脾解毒方能够抑制大肠癌细胞增殖,处理24、48、72 h后四种大肠癌细胞系的IC₅₀值分别为HCT116（6.894、5.668、3.648 mg/mL）、LoVo（14.65、8.737、7.849 mg/mL）、SW48（8.029、7.026、5.740 mg/mL）及HT29（13.06、9.646、8.448 mg/mL）;健脾解毒方使大肠癌细胞周期阻滞在G1期;并能够下调Phospho-mTOR蛋白表达（P<0.05）,上调Phospho-P53和P21蛋白的表达（P<0.05）,使大肠癌细胞周期阻滞在G1期。结论 健脾解毒方可能通过mTOR-P53-P21途径抑制大肠癌细胞的增殖,这可能是健脾解毒方治疗大肠癌的作用机制之一。     

重金属与四环素类抗生素对发光菌的毒性研究

本研究以发光细菌Photobacterium kishitanii为模式生物,通过发光抑制试验研究了5种重金属与四环素类抗生素对发光细菌的急性单一毒性与联合毒性。利用毒性单位法（TU法）表征联合毒性,并采用浓度加和模型（Concentration addtion,CA模型）与独立作用模型（Independent action,IA模型）预测二元混合体系对发光细菌的联合急性毒性。研究表明：单一毒性大小排序为硝酸铅>七水硫酸锌>氯化镉>盐酸土霉素>盐酸金霉素>盐酸强力霉素>盐酸四环素>五水硫酸铜>重铬酸钾。重金属之间的联合毒性主要表现为协同作用,重金属与四环素类抗生素的联合毒性主要表现为相加作用和拮抗作用,四环素类抗生素之间的联合毒性主要表现为拮抗作用。研究表明,重金属与四环素类抗生素共存会对发光细菌产生不同的毒性效应,因此在评价环境复合污染时应考虑联合毒性效应。     

Chemical structure of humic acids in biosolids-amended soils as revealed by NMR spectroscopy

We used NMR spectroscopy to characterize humid acids extracted from soils that had received long-term application of 2 levels of biosolids to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) stability in biosolids-amended soils. The study also quantified fulvic acids (FAs), humic acids (HAs) and Fe/Al oxides. The soils were collected in 2004 from 7 fields, in Fulton County, southwestern Illinois, which received biosolids at a cumulative rate of 0 (control), 554 (low biosolids) and 1,066 (high biosolids) Mg ha⁻¹. The application of biosolids increased both FA and HA contents, but biosolids-amended soil and control soil did not differ in FA/HA ratio. Biosolids application had no effect on water-soluble organic carbon content. Biosolids application increased the presence of Fe/Al in the SOM complex and lowered its C/Fe and C/Al ratios. ¹³C NMR spectra showed increased alkyl C and decreased aromatic C content in soil HAs with the application of biosolids, and the extent of such changes was higher with high than low biosolids treatment. Under biosolids application, the soil HAs’ C structure shifts from O-alkyl-dominant to alkyl-dominant. Biosolids application does not decrease SOM stability but rather increases the stability of soil humic substances.     

中国有机农业的集聚与空间依赖性

发展有机农业虽是实现农业绿色发展的重要途径,但需要公共部门政策支持。准确把握有机农业空间分布特征,检验其集聚及空间依赖性,为公共部门选择和设计政策提供决策依据。本文基于2013—2018年中国有机生产面积和有机认证数据,首先采用Jenks自然间断点分级法分析中国有机农业的空间分布;然后运用EG指数、产业集聚指数和区位熵判别有机农业集聚程度;最后采用Moran’s I指数检验有机农业发展的空间依赖性,结合局部Getis-OrdGi*统计和标准差椭圆技术进一步探讨有机农业在局域的空间集聚与演化趋势。研究结果表明:1)中国有机农业空间分布不均匀,东北和西部地区有机生产面积占比和有机产品认证示范(创建区)有优势,而东部地区有机产品认证证书和获证企业数量居优势。2)中国有机农业的EG指数已超过0.05,有机农业集聚程度高;青海、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆和海南产业集聚指数和区位熵均大于1,显示这些省份的有机农业集聚优势明显。3)全局Moran’s I指数值大于0且逐年上升,显示毗邻省份的有机农业存在空间正依赖性;有机农业热点区主要在西部和东北部地区,冷点及次冷点在中东部地区且呈现扩展趋势;标准差椭圆分析显示中国有机农业方向分布和重心均呈现先东北再西部的发展趋势。中国有机农业集聚逐年显著的原因是多方面的,除适宜于有机农业发展的自然资源禀赋外,公共部门政策、集聚效应和空间依赖性亦是重要驱动力。本文的政策启示是:支持生态环境良好的经济欠发达地区发展有机农业可能更可取;有机农业集聚区的政府可以通过进一步的支持政策,提升区域内有机农业集中度,形成集聚与扩散的良性循环;毗邻有机农业集聚区的区域可以利用集聚区的外溢效应,促进发展有机农业;公共部门采用瞄准型政策可能比普惠性政策更能促进有机农业发展。     

建立农村社区居民健康档案探讨

建立农村社区居民健康档案对农村居民疾病的治疗、节省诊断费用、发现规律性疾病等方面具有重要的作用,能弥补新型农村合作医疗制度的不足。农村社区居民健康档案的建立应包括组建并完善农村社区医疗服务站、建立并完善农村社区居民档案信息系统、实现居民健康档案＂电子化＂、加强农村社区医疗队伍建设等。     

仔猪肠道微生态环境的调控

仔猪肠道生理特点特殊,肠道微生态环境极其复杂,研究仔猪肠道微生态环境对指导生产极其重要.本文从仔猪肠道微生态环境的生态学理论及肠道微生物区系的组成及变化、调控因素、研究方法及技术等研究进展进行综述.