Diversity of Antioxidant Content and Its Relationship to Grain Color and Morphological Characteristics in Winter Wheat Grains

The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.     

长白猪肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结的显微形态及糖原PAS反应研究

[目的]对商品长白猪的组织形态学进行研究,了解商品长白猪宰前的生理状态。[方法]采集长白猪的肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结3种组织器官并制成石蜡切片,采用H.E染色方法对其组织结构进行研究。[结果]肾脏和肝脏的组织结构形态正常,肾脏和肝脏的细胞核染色明显,淋巴结的皮质和髓质分界不清晰,周围组织没有明显的淋巴索,淋巴窦较小。糖原PAS染色结果表明肝脏中的糖原颗粒较少,分布不均匀,而肾脏中糖原或糖蛋白多集中于血管球和肾小囊壁上。[结论]该研究可为今后进一步的商品长白猪理论研究奠定基础。     

吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区天牛昆虫的数值分类研究

以吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区12种常见的天牛为对象,测量其10种形态学指标,利用SPSS软件得到聚类树形图,从而对其亲缘关系进行分析,结果表明:1~3号为花天牛亚科;4~9号为沟胫天牛亚科;10、11号为天牛亚科;12号为锯天牛亚科,与传统的形态分类结果一致。     

油茶大田嫁接苗质量调查

对江西省16个1年生和10个2年生油茶苗圃进行调查,结果表明,1年生和2年生大田嫁接苗的平均合格率分别为48.0%和76.6%;2年生苗的合格率与土壤有机质和水解氮的含量正相关。2年生苗推荐的施肥水平为：土壤全氮0.114%～0.413%、水解氮114.86～132.92 mg/kg、全磷0.047%～0.073%、速效磷32.13～71.59 mg/kg、全钾1.203%～1.274%、速效钾48.08~67.08 mg/kg、有机质2.627%～3.171%。     

番鸭细小病毒VP3基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为获得针对番鸭细小病毒VP3蛋白的多克隆抗体,根据已发表的该病毒基因序列设计一对引物,利用PCR扩增出VP3基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体p ET-32a,转化感受态细胞BL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白。将重组蛋白切胶免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗番鸭细小病毒部分结构蛋白的多克隆抗体。结果显示成功获得VP3基因,构建的原核表达重组质粒成功表达预期的重组蛋白,免疫小鼠获得的多克隆抗体能与番鸭细小病毒及VP3蛋白反应。表明制备的多克隆抗体可用于MDPV的检测,并为进一步研究MDPV奠定了基础。     

半干旱区四种典型豆科牧草群落生理生态的分异研究

在黄土高原半干旱地区,植物种群生态的改善是植被建设与生态修复的关键。通过人工植被调查,比较了四种豆科牧草的种群生长的生态差异,初步探讨了牧草生产力与种群生态的可能耦合网络机制。结果表明:基于四种豆科牧草种群的土壤水分含量和垂直下降分布规律,发现沙打旺与苜蓿为高生产力型,红豆草与胡枝子为低生产力型,这可能与它们水分利用状况和豆科牧草本身的固氮或氮沉积的氮汇与源转化调节有关。苜蓿植株生物量表现较高,与其多年生庞大根系充分吸收土壤深层水分有关,反映了根冠生长与土壤条件的耦合是导致遗传特性响应差异的重要原因,因此调整植物根冠关系以增强植物的抗旱适应能力理论上是可行的。相关分析发现生产力、根系生物量、土壤环境(水分和层次)为网络耦联相关,特别是90-100cm的土壤空间水分与根冠比成正相关,这可能说明这个层次(根系的浅层集中分布区)为土壤水库与土壤干层相转变的阈值界面。因此从干旱胁迫条件下建立的适应性生存对策上考虑,苜蓿适宜在干旱立地推广应用,不仅具水土保持功效,而且植被生产力高,应为黄土高原生态恢复和生态建设的重要参考物种。     

赣北丘陵区果园不同套种模式对退化红壤理化性质的影响

为了探讨丘陵区果园水土保持措施与土壤理化性质改良关系,通过5a的野外定位观测试验,研究了5种不同果园套种模式对退化红壤理化性质的影响.研究结果表明:果园不同套种模式对土壤理化性质的改善效果不同,百喜草全园覆盖和狗牙根全园覆盖提高土壤含水量效果最好,全园套种狗牙根模式改良土壤容重、毛管持水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和速效钾效果最好.套种百喜草和狗牙根果园模式改良果园土壤全氮效果优于套种农作物模式.套种农作物模式改良果园土壤全磷效果、土壤碱解氮能力都明显好于套种不同牧草模式.套种百喜草和套种农作物提高果园土壤速效磷含量,而套种狗牙根与阔叶雀稗草则略为降低了土壤速效磷含量.与果园顺坡耕作套种相比,横坡套种具有更好的保持土壤养分的作用,适宜进一步推广.     

不同栽植密度对脱毒红薯产量及经济效益的影响

为确定三康8号脱毒红薯的最佳栽植密度并为其推广应用提供依据,采用大田试验方法,研究了不同栽植密度对脱毒红薯产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:栽植密度为4 600株/667m2时,鲜薯产量高达2 577.9 kg/667m2,产投比高达2.37,是三康8号脱毒红薯的最佳栽植密度。     

冬季凌汛危害成因及防凌管理措施

通过分析冬季凌汛危害的成因,总结出防止凌汛的管理措施,对保证凌汛安全将起到很大的作用。     

Differences in ecological and allelopathic traits among Alternanthera philoxeroides populations

Based on a field investigation and laboratory trials, this study compared the invasive ecology of aquatic and terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides G.) ecotypes. The aquatic ecotype showed a stronger eco‐adaptation than the terrestrial ecotype. Alligator weed performed well in wetland and riparian habitats, where it was so competitive that only one‐to‐three other plant types grew successfully in its company. In contrast, it exhibited poor growth in upland fields and parks, where the terrestrial ecotype was dominated by 6–11 other alien plant species. The aquatic ecotype exhibited significantly greater growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ecotypes differed in their pattern of allelopathic inhibition of water blooms. The allelopathic effect of the aquatic ecotype persisted for a period exceeding 20 days, whereas the terrestrial ecotype's allelopathic effect subsided in <5 days. The aquatic ecotype had higher levels of antioxidant compounds, including soluble protein and flavones, and the activity of protective enzymes was also higher, which included superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Alligator weed's unique characteristics derive mainly from its strong allelopathic potential and tolerance of eutrophication in aquatic habitats.