Effect of dietary daidzein on egg production, shell quality, and gene expression of ER-alpha, GH-R, and IGF-IR in shell glands of laying hens

Our previous studies demonstrated that dietary daidzein improves egg production in ducks during the late period of the laying cycle. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of daidzein in laying hens, with more focus on eggshell quality. The expression of ER-alpha, GH-R, and IGF-IR mRNA in shell glands was determined to identify the target genes of daidzein action and to reveal the relationship between shell quality and profiles of gene expression in shell glands of laying hens. 1000 ISA hens, at 445 days of age, were allotted at random to two groups and given the basal diet with or without 10 mg of daidzein per kg diet for 9 weeks. Daidzein supplement significantly increased the egg laying rate and the feed conversion ratio. The eggshell thickness increased, while the percentage of cracked eggs decreased in daidzein-treated hens. Serum E2 and phosphate concentrations were not altered, but the level of serum Ca2+ and the tibia bone mineral density were significantly increased in the daidzein-treated group compared with their control counterparts. In parallel with the significant increase of oviduct weight, significant down-regulation of GH-R and IGF-IR mRNA and a trend of decrease in ERalpha mRNA expression in shell glands were observed in daidzein-treated hens. The results indicate that dietary daidzein improves egg laying performance and eggshell quality during the late (postpeak) laying stage of hens, which is associated with modulations in gene expression in the shell gland.     

长期施用化肥对红壤性水稻土中微生物生物量、活性及群落结构的影响

利用化肥长期定位试验,研究了施肥对土壤微生物生物量、活性及其群落结构的影响.结果表明:与不施肥相比,长期施用化肥不仅增加了土壤微生物生物量,而且导致了土壤微生物群落结构的分异.其中,有机无机配施处理和2倍NPK配施处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量、全N含量、土壤微生物生物量和土壤微生物活性.NPK均衡施肥处理对土壤有机质、土壤微生物生物量及其活性的影响小于非均衡施肥的处理(NP、NK、N、P、K),适当增施K肥有利于提高土壤微生物中真菌的比例.     

江苏省畜禽粪便污染现状与防治对策

根据2000年以来江苏省畜禽饲养状况的有关资料,利用各类畜禽粪便日排泄系数估算畜禽粪便量,在此基础上计算江苏省各地畜禽粪便污染负荷量。研究发现,江苏省畜禽养殖业产生的粪便及各类污染物数量巨大,盐城市产生的粪便及各类污染物居全省首位,南通市次之;江苏省畜禽粪便污染负荷量平均为16.5t/(hm~2·a),南通市畜禽粪便污染负荷量最高,达26.7t/(hm~2·a)。全省畜禽粪便污染负荷最高的县是南通市的海安县,其次是盐城市的盐都县。最后本文分析了畜禽粪便污染环境的主要原因并提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策。     

基于DPSIR概念框架的区域水土保持效益评价新思路

 定量评价区域水土保持效益并得到综合质量指数,便于区域水土保持效益的纵向或横向比较,进而为水土保持技术的提升和区域生态环境建设的科学决策服务。DPSIR(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response)概念框架有助于全面分析水土保持的"驱动力"、"压力"、"状态"、"影响"和"响应",有助于理解水土保持社会、经济和环境各因素的作用过程以及彼此之间的因果关系。在介绍DPSIR概念框架的基础上,根据区域水土保持效益评价指标体系构建的主导原则,初步提出水土保持效益评价的DPSIR框架,进而提出水土保持效益评价从基础数据到综合指数集成的新思路。     

基于嵌套子集方法对南京市城镇化用地时空变化分析

随着城镇化的加速发展,越来越多的土地资源被占用。本文应用嵌套子集方法,并借助RS和GIS技术,利用1984、1995、2000、2003年4期TM卫星遥感影像,对南京市近20年来城镇扩展情况进行了分析。结果表明:1984─2003年间,随着城市化水平的不断提高,南京市城镇用地面积不断扩大,填充度从1984年的3.5%提高到2003年的7.2%,增加1倍多,并呈嵌套格局,且嵌套程度越来越高;各乡镇填充度的变化表现出差异性,即市区的乡镇、市区周边的乡镇以及在区县的乡镇的填充度增加较大,其他大部分乡镇的填充度虽然都有不同程度的增加,但增加程度不大,还有一些乡镇的填充度没有变化。     

根相对伸长率不能反映大白菜对镉的耐性差异

以14种大白菜为材料,研究根的相对伸长率与蔬菜地上部Cd耐性之间的关系.结果表明,种子根的相对伸长率与大白菜苗期的Cd耐性没有相关性,因而用种子根相对伸长率不能衡量大白菜对Cd的耐性.大白菜地上部Cd含量与Cd耐性指数呈负相关,表明Cd耐性强的大白菜地上部Cd的累积量相对较低.     

施肥量对奶花芸豆产量效应和养分吸收的影响

用正交回归旋转组合设计,研究了密度及N、P(P2O5)、K(K2O)施用量对奶花芸豆产量的影响;通过田间试验测定参数,利用计算机技术对试验数据进行处理,建立了产量函数模型;经计算机模拟寻优,筛选出了产量的最佳田问施肥方案.在试验条件下,当奶花芸豆栽培密度为167000株/hm2,施N量300 kg/hm2,施P(P2O5)量200 kg/hm2,施K(K2O)量47 kg/hm2组合时,产量可达到3825kg/hm2.施肥能够提高奶花芸豆对N、P、K养分的吸收.     

Antihyperglycemic Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Platycodon grandiflorum</Emphasis> (Jacq.) A. DC. Extract on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

The root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC has been reported to have a wide range of health benefits in oriental food. This study examined the hypoglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC aqueous-ethanol extract (PGE) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic ICR mice (STZ diabetic mice) for the first time. The effects of PGE on blood glucose, plasma insulin levels and body weight were investigated. A significant decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after single administration of PGE. Furthermore, Glibenclamide and PGE significantly suppressed the rise in blood glucose after 30 min in the acute glucose tolerance test. Treatment with glibenclamide and PGE resulted in a reduction in blood glucose levels from the 2nd week, and this reduction was maintained until the 4th week of treatment. The body weight changed slightly in glibenclamide and PGE treated mice in comparison with the STZ control group. Plasma insulin levels were increased with glibenclamide treatment in STZ diabetic mice, whereas such effect was not observed with PGE. These results indicated that PGE could induce hypoglycemic effects without stimulating insulin secretion.     

基于GIS的贵阳地区美味猕猴桃种植气候适应性区划

【目的】通过分析贵阳不同县区气候特点和影响美味猕猴桃生长的关键气象因子,建立区划指标体系,为贵阳地区猕猴桃产业合理规划布局提供科学依据。【方法】基于贵阳地区208个气象站点2000-2020年的气象数据,通过分析影响猕猴桃品质和产量的主要气候因子,采用GIS技术对贵阳美味猕猴桃种植适应性进行区划。【结果】贵阳地区热量、降水、光照均适宜猕猴桃生长发育。以年平均气温、年降水量、≥10℃积温、1月均温、7月均温、日照时数这6个气候因子作为划分贵阳地区美味猕猴桃栽培气候适宜的主要因子,每个指标分 4 级,对应高适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜,美味猕猴桃种植最适宜区位于贵阳地区四周的低海拔区域,适宜区位于贵阳地区中部偏北区域。【结论】贵阳地区均属于猕猴桃种植适宜区,目前实际种植情况与美味猕猴桃气候适宜性区划结果基本相符。     

不同香稻品种种子萌发和苗期对NaCl胁迫的响应

【目的】研究不同香稻品种的耐盐性,筛选出适应新疆盐渍化稻区的香稻耐盐品种。【方法】分析不同NaCl浓度(0、3、6、9和12 g/L)对20个香型水稻品种种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】不同香稻品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、根数、成活率及叶片成活率均随着NaCl浓度的增加呈下降的趋势;中、高盐浓度(9、12 g/L)显著抑制种子的萌发,降低种子的发芽势和发芽率,缩短芽长和根长,减少根数,致使盐害指数增加;同一盐浓度处理下,不同水稻材料的耐盐表现有差异。【结论】香型水稻品种的芽期和苗期的适宜筛选NaCl盐浓度可为6 g/L,超过其浓度对水稻的萌发及苗期生长均不利;粮香6-4香型品种的芽期和苗期的综合耐盐性好,97-4-3、粮香2-1、新策粳1号、新粳香1号、新粳香83号和新粳香8号的芽期耐盐性强,以上香稻品种可作为耐盐的香稻品种或资源进行利用。