Identification,characterization and full-length sequence analysis of a novel endornavirus in common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

To identify the possible quarantine viruses in seven common sunflower varieties imported from the United States of America and the Netherlands, we tested total RNAs extracted from the leaf tissues using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs. After analysis of small RNA sequencing data, no any quarantine virus was found, but a double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) molecule showing typical genomic features of endornavirus was detected in two varieties, X3939 and SH1108. Full-length sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that it is a novel endornavirus, temporarily named as Helianthus annuus alphaendornavirus(HaEV). Its full genome corresponds to a 14 662-bp dsRNA segment, including a 21-nt 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 3' UTR ending with the unique sequence CCCCCCCC and lacking a poly(A) tail. An open reading frame(ORF) that encodes a deduced 4 867 amino acids(aa) polyprotein with three domains: RdRP, Hel and UGT(UDP-glycosyltransferase). HaEV mainly distributed in the cytoplasm but less in the nucleus of leaf cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) experiment. This virus has a high seed infection rate in the five varieties, X3907, X3939, A231, SH1108 and SR1320. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the virus of the family Endornaviridae in the common sunflower.     

考虑土壤水平衡的灌区水资源优化配置研究

针对内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域地下水埋深较浅且矿化度高及黄河水量逐年减少等因素导致的农业用水严重短缺问题,本研究以解放闸灌域玉米为研究对象,耦合Jensen模型与土壤水平衡模型构建灌区尺度灌溉水资源优化配置模型,对不同的地下水埋深及土壤含水量情景下水资源优化配置方案进行研究,并利用Lingo软件编程求解模型。结果表明:当地下水埋深为2.5m时,引黄水量为3.85×10~8 m~3,可以达到5.55×10~8元的净经济效益;而土壤水含量为0.12～0.16时,净经济效益为[5.41,5.67]×108元。优化结果验证了模型在当地可行,并针对河套灌区解放闸灌域的不同土壤含水量与地下水埋深情景分别提供14种配水方案。     

茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂脂代谢相关的滞育关联基因差异表达分析

本文对茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂滞育组与正常发育组进行转录组测序，筛选差异表达基因，根据功能注释发现这些滞育关联基因主要与碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢以及信号转导等途径相关。借助KEGG数据库，共筛选出滞育期间401个与脂代谢相关的差异基因，在滞育期间呈现不同程度的上调表达，涉及了脂肪酸生物合成、甘油脂代谢、类固醇生物合成等代谢途径，除与脂质合成相关的脂肪酸合成酶、超长链脂肪酸延伸酶基因上调表达外，与脂质分解相关的酶，如酯酶同样上调表达，可能与提高茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂免疫力有关；与激素合成相关基因的上调表达，可能抑制茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂卵巢发育。     

杂交旱稻丰产节水栽培关键技术研究与集成应用

针对安徽沿淮地区气候特点,通过试验筛选出适宜沿淮地区旱种旱管栽培,丰产性和稳产性较好的旱稻品种5个,节水耐旱型水稻品种7个;明确了沿淮地区以旱优73为代表的杂交旱稻的丰产节水栽培技术:播种期6月5-12日,播种量2.0 kg/667 m~2左右,氮肥用量10~14 kg/667 m~2;在施肥过程中适当降低基蘖肥用量、增施穗粒肥,基、蘖、穗肥比例以4∶4∶2较好。     

Verrucosamide,a Cytotoxic 1,4-Thiazepane-Containing Thiodepsipeptide from a Marine-Derived Actinomycete

A new cytotoxic thiodepsipeptide, verrucosamide (1), was isolated along with the known, related cyclic peptide thiocoraline, from the extract of a marine-derived actinomycete, a Verrucosispora sp., our strain CNX-026. The new peptide, which is composed of two rare seven-membered 1,4-thiazepane rings, was elucidated by a combination of spectral methods and the absolute configuration was determined by a single X-ray diffraction study. Verrucosamide (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity and selectivity in the NCI 60 cell line bioassay. The most susceptible cell lines were MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma with an LD₅₀ of 1.26 µM, and COLO 205 colon adenocarcinoma with an LD₅₀ of 1.4 µM. Also isolated along with verrucosamide were three small 3-hydroxy(alkoxy)-quinaldic acid derivatives that appear to be products of the same biosynthetic pathway.     

不同种植方式对甜菜产质量的影响

试验结果表明,在同等条件下,由于栽培方式不同,密度不同,块根产量、产糖量差异较大,以纸筒大垄双行为最好,甜菜块根产量、产糖量比对照小垄直播分别提高36.7%、39.8%,每公顷纯增效益1602元。其次是大垄双行覆膜,块根产量、产糖量比对照小垄直播分别提高31.5%、33.1%。     

导入AGPase基因的转基因可育水稻及其经济性状的研究

以农杆菌介导法将淀粉合成关键酶AGPase(腺嘌呤二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶）基因导入云南地方优质水稻合系35，38，39，41，42中，获得了大量的可育转基因植株。PCR扩增检测，外源基因已稳定整合进水稻基因组中。大量的农艺性状及淀粉含量研究表明，转基因水稻种子的千粒重比对照明显提高，但总淀粉含量没有显著变化。     

木质素基超塑化剂的制备及其在砂浆中的应用

来源于木材、麦草、竹子和蔗渣的木质素磺酸钠与三聚氰胺、甲醛和焦亚硫酸钠合成出磺化木质素三聚氰胺甲醛超塑化剂(LSMF).系统研究了LSMF对砂浆减水率、抗压强度、抗折强度和加速碳化深度等应用性能的影响.结果表明,使用麦草基木质素磺酸钠合成出磺化度3.663mmol/g,特性黏度7.24mL/g的LSMF对砂浆的减水增强性能最好.当LSMF掺量为0.7%时,砂浆减水率为21.1%.硬化砂浆28d加速碳化深度为13mm,空白砂浆为34.5mm.掺加LSMF后,硬化砂浆28d抗压强度和抗折强度分别比空白砂浆提高37%和18%.LSMF超塑化剂为木质素高效利用提供了一种新的思路.     

水稻畦式好气栽培法试验

以传统栽培为对照,研究畦式好气栽培对水稻根系、群体消长、产量构成因素及产量的影响。结果表明,畦式好气栽培显著提高了整个生育期水稻根系的生物量,与传统栽培相比,增幅达5.46%－11.18%;显著增加了抽穗后10cm以下土层的根系比例和根系活力,提高了根冠比,促进了水稻分蘖的发生,显著提高了水稻有效穗数、结实率和产量,每公顷可比传统栽培增产稻谷637.5kg,增产9.48%。