Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

鹿哈胶囊中总氮量测定方法研究

采用《中国药典》氮测定法测定鹿哈胶囊中总氮量,以总氮量作为制剂中的质量控制指标。鹿哈胶囊总氮量在24.98mg~29.89mg显良好的线性关系,平均回收率98.26%,RSD 1.06%。该方法适于鹿哈胶囊的总氮含量测定。     

鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物资源调查研究

鸡公山自然保护区内芳香植物资源丰富,经初步调查,共计26科106种,其中裸子植物4科11种,被子植物22科95种。论述了鸡公山自然保护区芳香植物的种类、分布及精油提取部位,对其开发利用提出了建议。     

交通事故中汽车制动距离测量与计算

在交通事故处理中,汽车制动距离的测量与计算是处理交通事故现场取证与责任鉴定的重要参考依据。文章在分析制动拖印的认定与测量的基础上,分析了制动距离的计算方法。     

1株猫杯状病毒的分离鉴定及其ORF2序列的遗传演化分析

为了解猫杯状病毒形态特征及遗传演化情况,采用F81细胞从患病宠物猫的鼻拭子样品中分离获得1株猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus,FCV),命名为SH1。经电镜观察,病毒粒子呈球形,无囊膜,符合FCV的形态特征。采用RT-PCR方法扩增了该毒株的全基因组,并进行了序列测定和衣壳蛋白基因(ORF2)序列的分析。结果显示:分离株与国内外参考株的ORF2序列的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为74.1%~79.7%和84.5%~90.9%;ORF2基因的遗传演化分析显示,30株FCV毒株形成两大分支,即基因群Ⅰ和Ⅱ,分离株属于基因群Ⅰ;进一步分析发现,基因群Ⅰ和Ⅱ主要在377、539和557氨基酸位点存在差异,基因群Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别为N、A、G和K、V、S。研究结果为FCV感染的防控提供科学依据。     

温度和乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦青贮发酵品质及氧稳定性的影响

以乳熟期刈割的燕麦为材料,研究温度和乳酸菌添加剂对其青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,设置无添加(对照,CK)、商业青贮添加剂Synlac I(SLI处理)和人工筛选菌株Lactobacillus rhamno-sus HT1(HT1处理)3个处理,分别置于25℃、35℃和45℃下青贮60 d后,取样测定青贮燕麦的发酵品质和有氧稳定性.结果 表明:随着贮藏温度的升高,燕麦青贮饲料中水溶性碳水化合物和乳酸含量降低,pH和氨氮含量显著升高(P＜0.05).乳酸菌添加剂能够改善燕麦青贮饲料的发酵品质和有氧稳定性.25℃下,添加剂处理的青贮饲料霉菌和酵母菌数量低于1.00 log10 cfu/g,丙酸和丁酸均未检出.与HT1处理相比较,SLI处理在25℃下效果更好,水溶性碳水化合物、乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸含量更高(P＜0.05),氨态氮和好气性细菌含量较低(P＜0.05).45℃下则相反,HT1处理效果更优,其水溶性碳水化合物、乳酸和乙酸含量更高,氨态氮、酵母菌和好气性细菌数量较低.且35℃和45℃下HT1处理青贮饲料在有氧发酵阶段pH均小于4.20,有氧稳定性更好.综上所述,HT1处理可以提高燕麦青贮饲料的发酵质量和有氧稳定性,适合用于黄土高原夏季和初秋燕麦青贮饲料调制.     

奶牛场温室气体排放与减排措施

奶牛养殖在产能提升的同时也排放了大量温室气体。本文梳理了奶牛养殖场温室气体排放的重点环节,主要分为奶牛养殖活动温室气体排放以及牛场日常运行耗能两个方面;结合奶牛养殖肠道发酵和粪污管理的温室气体核算方法,归类整理了主要的减排措施,包括进行提高饲料质量和转化效率、粪污高效管理、清洁能源替代等方式,助力奶牛养殖实现低碳乃至零碳排放。     

3D打印技术在水利水电工程施工中应用研究

对3D打印技术进行应用研究,阐述其精度、强度和速度等关键性能指标合理性,能够有效避免特殊形式结构部位的施工带来的成本、工期及质量问题,增加工程效益,并对溢流堰面特殊部位计算表面曲线轮廓,进行实验3D打印,最后总结3D打印在水利水电工程施工中的优势。     

呼伦贝尔地区不同土地利用下土壤蒸发野外试验研究

土壤蒸发是水文过程的关键环节之一,控制着水分由土壤环境向大气环境的扩散。通过在呼伦贝尔地区典型草地与林地设置相同口径不同深度微型蒸发仪(Micro-Lysimeter,简称ML)的对比,寻求适合林地草地使用的微型蒸发仪,并研究不同土地利用方式对土壤蒸发的影响,探讨环境因素对土壤蒸发结果的影响。结果表明:土壤蒸发量随ML长度的增加先增大后减小,相同直径长度不同ML的蒸发量在0.05水平下显著相关,测定林地的蒸发量小于草地蒸发量,不封底ML所测定结果比封底ML大,其结果更接近真实情况,测量呼伦贝尔地区土壤蒸发时,亦采用15cm的不封底ML,结果较好。