Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Electricity Generation in a Combined ABR-MFC-MEC System Treating Fecal Wastewater

Simultaneous power generation and fecal wastewater treatment were investigated using a combined ABR-MFC-MEC system (anaerobic baffled reactor-microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolysis cell). The installation of multi-stage baffles can benefit retaining the suspended solids in the system and help separate the hydrolysis-acidification and the methanogen processes. The efficiencies of the nitrification-denitrification process were improved because of the weak current generation by coupling the microbial electrochemical device (MFC-MEC) with the ABR unit. Maximum removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) were 1.35 ± 0.05 kg COD/m³/day and 85.0 ± 0.4 g NH₄ ⁺-N/m³/day, respectively, while 45% of methane (CH₄), 9% of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and 45% of nitrogen gas (N₂) contents in volume ratio were found in the collected gas phase. An average surplus output voltage of 452.5 ± 10.5 mV could be achieved from the combined system, when the initial COD concentration was 1500.0 ± 20.0 mg/L and the initial NH₄ ⁺-N concentration was 110.0 ± 5.0 mg/L, while the effluent COD could reach 50.0 mg/L with an HRT of 48 h. The combined process has the potential to treat fecal wastewater efficiently with nearly zero energy input and a fair bio-fuel production.     

“饥饿—投喂—……”重复处理对星斑川鲽摄食、生长、生化组成以及能值指标的影响

采用"饥饿(1、2 d)-饱食(6、5 d)-……"重复处理的方法,在温度(19±1)℃、盐度32±1的条件下,对相同规格的星斑川鲽[(26.02±0.30)g]的摄食、生长、生化组成以及能值等相关指标的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,重复饥饿再投喂处理对星斑川鲽的体重、全长的影响不显著,对比肝重的影响显著;对星斑川鲽体内脂肪、蛋白质、水分、灰分含量无显著影响;对星斑川鲽鱼体以及粪便中能值的影响也不显著;对星斑川鲽总摄食量、摄食率、食物转化率的影响显著,对排粪率、吸收率以及特定生长率也有一定程度的影响。结果表明,两个饥饿再投喂重复处理的实验组的星斑川鲽均出现了完全补偿生长。     

亚麻形态发生的生理生化特性

摘 要 研究了不同基因型亚麻形态发生过程中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、核酸等内容物及抗氧化物酶CAT、SOD和POD酶活性变化,探讨其形态发生过程生理生化变化规律。结果表明,在两个品种亚麻各阶段中,胚性愈伤中的CAT、POD、可溶性蛋白、核酸和可溶性糖含量均高于非胚性愈伤组织,这些物质含量和组分的变化与胚性的维持和细胞的旺盛分裂分化有关,而SOD在无菌苗和不定芽期含量高,初始愈伤组织中的含量是最低的,与其抗氧化能力密切相关。     

蚕豆、大巢菜籽及苦瓜籽饲料对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、组织生化指标和消化酶活性的影响

分别以常规配合饲料(配合饲料组)、浸泡蚕豆(浸泡蚕豆组)、含75%蚕豆(蚕豆饲料组)、60%大巢菜籽(巢菜籽饲料组)、60%苦瓜籽(苦瓜籽饲料组)的饲料饲喂体重为(59.0±0.6)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella),养殖8周后,配合饲料的增重率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),饲料系数显著低于其他各组(P0.05);与浸泡蚕豆组相比,蚕豆饲料组的增重率提高56.9%,而巢菜籽饲料组、苦瓜籽饲料组的增重率则分别下降30.6%、21.2%(P0.05);浸泡蚕豆组、蚕豆饲料组、巢菜籽饲料组、苦瓜籽饲料组的肌肉胶原蛋白含量较配合饲料组显著提高,而肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05);苦瓜籽饲料组的肌肉总氨基酸(TAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量显著高于配合饲料组和浸泡蚕豆组(P0.05)。在生化指标方面,与配合饲料组相比,投喂蚕豆、巢菜籽饲料及浸泡蚕豆显著降低了肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.05),提高了肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量和肌肉肌酸激酶(CK)活性(P0.05),但蚕豆饲料组的肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量低于浸泡蚕豆组(P0.05);在消化酶方面,投饲蚕豆、巢菜籽、苦瓜籽饲料和浸泡蚕豆显著降低了前肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05),提高了α-淀粉酶活性(P0.05),蚕豆饲料组、巢菜籽饲料组及浸泡蚕豆组的碱性蛋白酶活性较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。上述结果表明,饲喂以蚕豆、大巢菜籽、苦瓜籽为主要成分的配合饲料及浸泡蚕豆可改变草鱼肌肉组成,但也降低了草鱼生长性能;综合生长性能和肌肉组成,蚕豆饲料较巢菜籽饲料、苦瓜籽饲料和浸泡蚕豆在脆化草鱼生产养殖上更具有可行性。     

Effects of extruded and pelleted diets with differing lipid levels on growth,nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Tilapia nilotica)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded diets and pelleted diets with varying dietary lipid levels on growth performance and nutrient utilization of tilapia. Six diets, containing three levels of lipid at 40, 60 or 80 g kg^?1 (with the supplemental lipid of 0, 20 or 40 g kg^?1, respectively), were prepared by extruding or pelleting and then fed to tilapia juveniles (8.0 ± 0.1 g) in cages (in indoor pools) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fish that were fed the diet with 60 g kg^?1 of lipid had a higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lipid retention (LRE), energy retention (ERE), apparent protein digestibility, apparent dry matter digestibility and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the diet with 40 g kg^?1 lipid in both the extruded diet and pelleted diet (P < 0.05). As the dietary lipid level increased from 60 to 80 g kg^?1, these parameters were not further improved, even digestibilities of the crude protein and dry matter decreased (P < 0.05). With the dietary lipid level increased, whole‐body lipid content significantly increased (P < 0.05), serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) tended to increase (P > 0.05), whereas whole‐body protein content, serum triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/LDL‐C tended to decrease (P > 0.05). Fish fed with the extruded diets had a higher WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index (HSI), PER, protein retention (PRE), LRE, ERE, TG, apparent digestibility of protein and dry matter, as well as a lower FCR, than those fed with the pelleted diets at the same dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). These results suggested that tilapia fed with the extruded diets had a better growth and higher nutrient utilization than fish fed with the pelleted diets, when dietary lipid level ranged from 40 to 80 g kg^?1 and at dietary crude protein level was 280 g kg^?1. The optimum dietary lipid level was 60 g kg^?1 in both the pelleted and extruded diets, and extrusion did not affect dietary lipid requirement of the tilapia.     

自然环境下葡萄采摘机器人采摘点的自动定位

针对葡萄果梗颜色复杂多变、轮廓不规则等影响因素使得采摘机器人难以准确对采摘点进行定位的问题,该文提出一种基于改进聚类图像分割和点线最小距离约束的采摘点定位新方法。首先通过分析葡萄图像的颜色空间,提取最能突显夏黑葡萄的HSI色彩空间分量H,运用改进的人工蜂群优化模糊聚类方法对葡萄果图像进行分割;然后对分割图像进行形态学去噪处理,提取最大连通区域,计算该区域质心、轮廓极值点、外接矩形;再根据质心坐标与葡萄簇边缘信息确定采摘点的感兴趣区域,在区域内进行累计概率霍夫直线检测,求解所有检测得出的直线到质心之间的距离,最后选取点线距离最小的直线作为采摘点所在线,并取线段中点坐标作为采摘点。以从晴天顺光、晴天遮阴、阴天光照下采集的300幅夏黑葡萄进行分类试验,结果表明,该方法的采摘点定位准确率达88.33%,平均定位时间为0.3467 s,可满足采摘机器人对采摘点的定位需求,为葡萄采摘机器人提供了一种新的采摘点求解方法。     

陕西省气温与降水变化时空分布研究

根据1981年-2010年陕西及周边的42个气象站点的气温和降水数据,采用经验正交函数分解法(empirical orthogonal function,EOF),结合GIS空间分析方法,计算和分析了陕西省29年气温和降水的时空分布特征以及年内、年际的时间变化特征。结果表明:1)陕西省年气温大致存在三种主要的类型:南北差异型、地形影响型、正负相间型。南北差异型为最主要的空间分布型,表现为温度受纬度变化的影响南部气温较高北部气温较低。2)陕西省年降水大致存在四种主要类型:南北递减型、延河南北反向型、东南-西北分布型、相间分布型。南北差异型为最主要的空间分布型,表现为陕西北部降水较少,南部降水较多。3)陕西省气温空间场对应的时间序列具有明显的年内变化和年际变化;降水空间场对应的时间序列具有较明显的年际变化,而年内的波动性较强。     

蜘蛛丝基因MaSp1在转基因家蚕中的表达分析(英文)

利用反向PCR、定量PCR以及免疫共沉淀等方法分析研究转基因家蚕的丝素蛋白及基因的结构和性质。结果表明:(1)在DNA水平上,MaSp1基因整合进了家蚕的基因组,插入位点位于scaffold 868;(2)在RNA水平上,MaSp1的表达并不干扰其他3个基因(Fib-H,Fib-L and P25)的表达水平,并且外源基因MaSp1的表达水平略高于Fib-H;(3)在蛋白质水平上,MaSp1蛋白的丰度大约占丝素总蛋白的2%,而且通过自身的LBS区段和轻链蛋白(Fib-L)形成分子间二硫键,从而融入蚕丝蛋白复合体。     

Influence of green spaces on environmental satisfaction and physiological status of urban residents

Influence of urban green spaces on human was evaluated with subjective questionnaires as well as physiological measurements. Five sample plots vary in color, size and scent of major plants and one no-vegetation area located in Shanghai Botanical Garden, China were chosen. 249 questionnaires on subjective satisfaction evaluation were collected; in addition to 64 visitors took the measurement of physiological parameters like Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG). Questionnaire results show that color is one of the most important factors which affect the overall satisfaction of people with their vegetation environment. The way how people perceive vegetation environment was probed by PCA analysis. Age difference analysis show children and elder people presented higher satisfaction with vegetation environment than adults. Significant negative correlation between the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) values in heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and satisfaction values indicated HRV may be an effective parameter for green spaces influence evaluation.