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陕西省气温与降水变化时空分布研究
引用本文:万相均,任志远,张翀.陕西省气温与降水变化时空分布研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013(6):140-147.
作者姓名:万相均  任志远  张翀
作者单位:陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院
基金项目:教育部人文社会科学重大研究基地项目(编号:2009JJD770025)资助
摘    要:根据1981年-2010年陕西及周边的42个气象站点的气温和降水数据,采用经验正交函数分解法(empirical orthogonal function,EOF),结合GIS空间分析方法,计算和分析了陕西省29年气温和降水的时空分布特征以及年内、年际的时间变化特征。结果表明:1)陕西省年气温大致存在三种主要的类型:南北差异型、地形影响型、正负相间型。南北差异型为最主要的空间分布型,表现为温度受纬度变化的影响南部气温较高北部气温较低。2)陕西省年降水大致存在四种主要类型:南北递减型、延河南北反向型、东南-西北分布型、相间分布型。南北差异型为最主要的空间分布型,表现为陕西北部降水较少,南部降水较多。3)陕西省气温空间场对应的时间序列具有明显的年内变化和年际变化;降水空间场对应的时间序列具有较明显的年际变化,而年内的波动性较强。

关 键 词:EOF  陕西  气温  降水  时空分布

Research on spatial-temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation changes in Shaanxi
WAN Xiangjun,REN Zhiyuan,ZHANG Chong.Research on spatial-temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation changes in Shaanxi[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013(6):140-147.
Authors:WAN Xiangjun  REN Zhiyuan  ZHANG Chong
Institution:(College of Tourism and Environment,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an,Shannxi 710062,P.R.China)
Abstract:Based on precipitation and temperature data from 1981 to 2010 of 42 meteorological station in Shaanxi Province and surrounding areas,we calculated and analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation and temperature data of Shaanxi Province over the past 29 years and the characteristics of annual and inter-annual time variation by using empirical orthogonal function method(EOF) and GIS spatial analysis methods.Results indicated that over the past twenty-nine years the spatial distribution characteristics of temperature changing are quite obvious,however the spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation changing are less than that of temperature changing.The precipitation changing has a strong volatility.There are roughly three major pattern fields of annual temperature: the south-north different type,the topographic influence type and the positive and negative interphase type.The most important spatial type is south-north different type.That is to say,owing to the fact that temperature is influenced by the variation of latitude,the temperature of southern area is higher than that of northern area.The topographic influence type shows that plateau,mountain and basin influenced by terrain changes which showing an opposite distribution type.The spatial distribution characteristics of the positive and negative interphase type have a very strong uncertainty,which is influenced by urbanization.There are roughly four major pattern fields of annual precipitation: the south-north different type,Yanhe river north and south type,the southeast-northwest distribution type and the mixed type.The most important spatial type is south-north different type which shows that the precipitation of northern area is less than that of southern area.Yanhe river north and south type is secondary important.That is,the precipitation from Yanhe river to the north is reducing gradually,while the precipitation from Yanhe river to the south is increasing gradually,and the area of mount MiCang has the largest precipitation.Influenced by the Pacific Ocean air masses temperate zone,the southeast-northwest distribution type shows that the precipitation of southeast and southwest of Shaanxi is opposed to the precipitation of the loess plateau in north Shaanxi.The time-coefficient series of temperature field has a significant annual and inter-annual variation.The time-coefficient series of precipitation field has a significant inter-annual variation,while the annual variation has strong fluctuation.
Keywords:EOF  Shaanxi  temperature  precipitation  temporal and spatial distribution
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