6株金针菇菌株遗传多样性的ISSR、RAPD和SRAP综合分析

为了更加快速准确的分析金针菇种质资源的遗传多样性,利用ISSR、RAPD和SRAP分子标记技术对6株金针菇菌株进行综合遗传多样性分析,并构建UPMGA亲缘关系树状图。结果表明,6株金针菇菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.49~0.85,在相似系数为0.59时6个菌株可分为3组,黄色菌株‘三明1号’、‘F951’、‘杂19’和白色菌株8801聚成一组,白色菌株8903和白色菌株‘金21’各成一组。该试验结果表明,3类分子标记综合分析结果相比单一分子标记分析结果能够更真实全面地体现出供试菌株之间的亲缘关系,因此该方法将有利于金针菇种质资源的评价和鉴定研究。     

温室电除雾防病促生机的除雾降湿效果

针对贵州省遵义地区烤烟漂浮育苗设施育苗过程中的高湿、低温和病害多等诸多问题,试验监测空间电场环境中漂浮育苗设施内空气水分含量、相对湿度的变化规律以及与对照的差异,并结合作物生长状况和生理代谢的变化,科学地阐述空间电场环境中空气含水量、相对湿度与设施保温、烟苗生长速度之间的关系。结果表明,温室电除雾防病促生机产生的空间电场具有强烈的除雾、降低空气含水量的作用,其降幅可达40%之多,并显著降低了卷帘通风次数,减小了温差波动幅度,保持了高于对照0.5～2 ℃的温度优势,成苗时间较对照缩短了5 d。      

“六五”至“十二五”期间我国棉花品种纤维品质评价分析

对"六五"至"十二五"期间国家棉花区域试验参试品种纤维品质进行了总结和分析,结果表明,我国棉花品种的综合纤维品质总体趋势是稳步改良,逐年提升。黄河流域棉区品种的纤维长度和断裂比强度呈优化发展趋势;长江流域棉区品种纤维长度、断裂比强度和纺纱均匀性指数呈优化发展趋势;西北内陆棉区品种纤维品质总体表现有上升趋势,但近5年来纤维品质表现略有下降趋势。     

广西人工林主要害虫寄蝇类天敌调查

2012年4月至2014年7月,对广西松树、桉树、红树林等主要造林树种的40多种害虫的天敌寄蝇进行了调查。在13种害虫上采集寄蝇标本超过1 000个,经鉴定共8属12种。其中,有18种(次)寄主新记录。在此基础上,编制了该12种寄蝇的形态特征检索表。     

吕四渔场近岸海域水质和沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)的分布特征

采用气相色谱测定了吕四渔场水质和沉积物样品中的多氯联苯(PCBs),并分析了其分布特征。结果显示,吕四渔场水质和沉积物中的PCBs平面分布特征为南部近岸高,而北部近岸较外海低,调查海域PCBs含量有逐年升高的趋势。水质中以低氯代PCBs同族体为主,沉积物中以高氯代PCBs同族体为主,含6个氯原子的PCBs在水中和沉积物中含量都比较高。为了削减PCBs对环境和人类的危害,我们要加强控制、管理、研究和合作。     

Modelling transport of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii) paralarvae off South Africa: reviewing,testing and extending the ‘Westward Transport Hypothesis’

Annual landings of chokka squid (Loligo reynaudii), an important fishing resource for South Africa, fluctuate greatly, and are believed to be related to recruitment success. The ‘Westward Transport Hypothesis’ (WTH) attributes recruitment strength to variability in transport of newly hatched paralarvae from spawning grounds to the ‘cold ridge’ nursery region some 100–200 km to the west, where oceanographic conditions sustain high productivity. We used an individual‐based model (IBM) coupled with a 3‐D hydrodynamic model (ROMS) to test the WTH and assessed four factors that might influence successful transport – Release Area, Month, Specific Gravity (body density) and Diel Vertical Migration (DVM) – in numerical experiments that estimated successful transport of squid paralarvae to the cold ridge. A multifactor ANOVA was used to identify the primary determinants of transport success in the various experimental simulations. Among these, release area was found to be the most important, implying that adult spawning behaviour (i.e., birth site fidelity) may be more important than paralarval behaviour in determining paralarval transport variability. However, specific gravity and DVM were found to play a role by retaining paralarvae on the shelf and optimizing early transport, respectively. Upwelling events seem to facilitate transport by moving paralarvae higher in the water column and thus exposing them to faster surface currents.     

Genetic diversity and identification of race 3 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lactucae</Emphasis> in Taiwan

Sorghum is an important drought tolerant crop cultivated for food and fodder purposes. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum graminicola is a major constraint in sorghum productivity in India. Certain antagonistic fungi, that were isolated in the previous study from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of perennial grasses in India, were studied for their antagonism in vitro to C. graminicola, root colonization ability and rhizosphere competence. Out of 138 isolates tested, 89 were antagonistic. Fifteen fungal isolates with greater than 70 % in vitro inhibition zone to the pathogen tested positive for root and rhizosphere colonization abilities. Three isolates – Chaetomium globosum isolate 57, Trichoderma harzianum isolate 184 and Fusarium oxysporum (NSF isolate 9) with prominent biocontrol potentials were tested for the control of sorghum anthracnose in greenhouse and field. Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum isolates decreased seedling mortality, and incidence and severity of disease at different growing stages. They promoted plant growth (dry biomass- 45.3, 40.0 and 46.7 %) and increased yield (grain biomass- 33.3, 23.8 and 49.2 %) respectively, over control in field. The population of the above fungi in soil was moderately high at harvest stage. The present investigation revealed that fungal isolates from rhizosphere and rhizoplane of perennial grasses could be employed to manage anthracnose and enhance plant growth and yield potentialities in sorghum, at the same time.     

马铃薯生产燃料乙醇发展现状

介绍了用马铃薯及其附属产物生产燃料乙醇的必要性、技术路线、发展环境和前景,对目前从事生产马铃薯燃料乙醇的企业有一定指导作用。      

咸淡组合淋洗对土壤水盐分布特征的影响

为了缓解干旱半干旱地区淡水资源紧缺问题,最大限度地利用浅层地下微咸水,以全部淡水和全部咸水为对照,采用两咸一淡组合淋洗的方法对垂直土柱淋洗后土壤剖面的水、盐分布规律及土壤理化性质的变化进行研究,结果表明在累积入渗量相同的前提下,咸淡组合次序对土壤大孔隙的形成有影响,导致土壤透水性不同,通过入渗进入土壤的总盐量是土壤含盐量的主要影响因素;入渗历时的延长有助于提高土壤剖面脱盐深度,淡-咸-咸的组合次序洗盐效果最好;各种咸淡组合次序均导致20 cm深度处的钠吸附比较初始值增大,尤其是全部咸水入渗会降低土壤的渗透性,有可能导致土壤发生次生盐渍化.该研究为微咸水的田间合理利用提供了依据.     

近51年呼伦贝尔市暴雨日数的时空分布特征

为了研究呼伦贝尔市暴雨日数的时空分布特征,防范暴雨引发的洪涝灾害对农业产生的影响,利用呼伦贝尔市地区16个气象站1960—2010年逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势分析和Mann-Kendall突变检验方法,分析呼伦贝尔市近51年暴雨日数的时空分布。结果表明：该地区暴雨日数具有明显的年代际变化,总体方向呈减少趋势;暴雨的发生具有明显的季节分布特征,暴雨开始于春季5月,结束于秋季9月,且主要出现在夏季,并且集中在7月末和8月初;暴雨空间分布具有明显的地域性,各站暴雨日数和暴雨雨量极值均出现在松嫩平原与大兴安岭山脉东南过渡的山坡上,说明呼伦贝尔市暴雨受地形影响明显;暴雨日数突变减少时刻发生在1997年,突变后暴雨日数减少趋势显著。