钙锌对蛋用型鸡育成期体组织中矿物元素含量的影响

试验研究了在玉米—豆饼型基础饲粮中添加不同水平锌和钙对蛋用型鸡育成期体组织中矿物元素含量的影响。结果表明,随着饲粮锌水平的提高,肝脏(P<0.01)、肾脏(P<0.05)、胰脏(P<0.01)中锌含量显著升高,而肺脏中锌含量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。饲粮高钙对组织中锌含量的影响未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。饲粮高锌使肝脏磷含量(P<0.05)、肾脏磷(P<0.01)和铜含量(P<0.05)、肺脏钙(P<0.01)和镁含量(P<0.01)显著降低。饲粮商钙使胰脏铜含量(P<0.05)显著提高,使胰脏锰含量显著降低(P<0.05)。     

Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in Florida

Objective To evaluate seasonal effects on the presence or absence of fungal and aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctival fornix of normal Florida Thoroughbred horses. Sample population Both eyes of 100 horses. Procedure Horses with normal anterior segment ophthalmic examinations from three farms in north central Florida were included. Each animal had the ventral conjunctival fornix of each eye swabbed with sterile culturettes. Samples were taken in October, January, April, and July (1999–2000). Aerobic and fungal cultures were plated. Bacterial cultures were reviewed at 24 and 48 h. Fungal cultures were reviewed weekly for 4 weeks. Logistic regression analysis with season as a factor and age of the horse as a covariate was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.01. Results Horses ranged from 3 to 24 years of age, with a median age of 9 years. Twenty‐four genera of bacteria and 35 genera of fungi were recovered. Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Moraxella sp. were the bacteria most frequently isolated. Mold species, dematiaceous mold species, Chrysosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. were the most frequently recovered fungi. Season did not have a significant effect on the presence of microorganisms isolated for individual horses adjusted for age. Younger horses had an increased incidence of gram‐negative rods and fungal isolates. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. Conclusion There were no significant differences between the number or type of organisms cultured during the sampling seasons in normal Florida horses. A large range of normal bacterial and fungal flora were isolated from these horses. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. The likelihood of detecting an organism depends on the horses’ age.     

Morphological relationship between intercalated duct and pancreatic islet in streptozotocin and/or camostat mesilate administrations in the chicken

Present electron microscopical and immunocytochemistrical studies elucidated some morphological relationship between intercalated duct (ICD) and pancreatic islet cells in the chicken in streptozotocin (STZ) and/or camostat mesilate (CM) administrations. Twenty-one chickens were set into four experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) STZ administration group, (3) CM administration group, and (4) STZ + CM administration group. Cytoplasms of ICD cells stained more strongly with eosin in STZ administration group than other groups, and electron-dense materials and intercalated processes between ICD and islet cells were also increasing in time dependence in STZ administration. Number of pancreatic islet in STZ + CM co-administration was about 3.1 times larger than other groups. Many small sized cells were detected at surrounding area of ICD and they incorporated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine better than other experimental groups. Present morphological data suggested that ICD cells might support some tolerances of pancreatic endocrine cells against toxic substances and also involve in regeneration of new pancreatic islet cells in STZ + CM co-administration.     

笼养蛋鸭日粮电解质和蛋白质水平对体内酸碱平衡的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮电解质和蛋白质水平对家禽体内酸碱平衡的影响。选取5周龄金定鸭240只,随机分为10个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4只,分别饲喂相同代谢能水平(11.7 MJ/kg),不同粗蛋白质水平(16%或19%)和电解质水平(-50、150、250、350和500 mmol/kg)的10种饲粮。血液生化分析试验结果显示:日粮蛋白质和电解质水平互作对pH、CO2浓度、渗透压、HCO-3浓度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对阴离子间隙的影响不显著(P>0.05)。CP为16%,日粮电解质平衡(dietary electrolyte balance,DEB)为-50 mmol/kg组血液pH显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著差异。CO2、HCO-3浓度和渗透压各组无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮蛋白质和电解质水平互作对钠、钾、氯离子和肌酐的浓度有极显著影响(P<0.01),对钙、磷、镁离子、血清尿素氮、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。代谢试验结果显示:粗蛋白质的利用率各组差异显著(P<0.05),粗蛋白质为16%、DEB为500 mmol/kg组蛋白质利用率最高;粗蛋白质为19%、DEB为250 mmol/kg组最低。钙、磷、钾、铜和锰的利用率粗蛋白质为16%、DEB为500 mmol/kg组最高。两因素方差分析结果表明:蛋白质为19%组粗蛋白质及各种矿物元素的利用率都低于粗蛋白质为16%组。日粮电解质和蛋白质水平对家禽体内酸碱平衡有显著交互作用。     

Quantification of DNA of citrus huanglongbing pathogen in diseased leaves using competitive PCR

A quantification system for huanglongbing pathogen using a competitive polymerase chain reaction method and image-analyzing software were developed to obtain precise results. Significant differences in the quantity of pathogen were thus determined in leaves of two citrus cultivars commonly cultivated in southern Vietnam. Less pathogen-related DNA was detected from the tissue of citrus cultivars that are believed to be more tolerant than susceptible cultivars. The quantification system will be used in studies on pathogen proliferation and movement inside citrus tissue.     

近年来我国野生动植物进出口贸易中的问题分析及对策

通过对2000年、2002年野生动植物进出口贸易额的比对分析，对野生动植物进出口贸易中有关贸易额、贸易价格、中医药、海关记录数据等主要问题进行了具体分析，并对加强野生动植物的进出口管理提出几点建议：规范海关记录、监管标准；加强大宗贸易的审查和管理；推广限额、限价管理；进行全国野生动植物贸易调查；争取某些产品的特惠税制度等。     

杀虫植物非洲山毛豆的研究

非洲山毛豆原产于热带非洲,是一种优异的杀虫植物。本文对其生物活性、杀虫有效成分、作用机理、加工使用等方面进行了概述。     

辣椒分子连锁遗传图谱的构建及抗疫病QTL定位

以抗疫病材料perennial和感疫病材料83-60杂交得到的F2群体144个单株为试材,利用AFLP、RAPD、SSR等分子标记,采用JoinMap3.0构建辣椒分子连锁遗传图谱,该图谱包括12个连锁群,70个标记位点,其中AFLP标记54个,RAPD标记15个,SSR标记1个,覆盖长度为429.02cM,平均图距为6.13cM,连锁群长度在4.30～85.85cM之间。对F2群体进行辣椒疫病的室内人工接种,利用Windows QTL Cartographer2.0软件进行QTL分析,在第4连锁群上检测到两个QTL,解释表型差异的贡献率分别为9.5%和16.4%。     

菜用甘薯国内外研究现状及展望

综述了菜用甘薯的营养组分、医疗保健作用,对菜用甘薯的品种选育、栽培方式等方面的国内外最新研究动态进行分析,比较了菜用甘薯育种的3种技术经济指标,指出了菜用甘薯作为蔬菜的优势及存在问题,展望了菜用甘薯育种方向、栽培采收方式和市场开拓前景