酸化处理抑制杨木APMP纸浆返黄的研究

用草酸、硫酸等对黑杨ＡＰＭＰ浆进行酸化处理，研究了酸化对黑杨ＡＰＭＰ浆的光致返黄和热致返黄的抑制作用并对其机理进行讨论。结果表明①酸化处理能提高ＡＰＭＰ浆的白度和白度稳定性。②各种酸对ＡＰＭＰ浆的返黄抑制作用不同；试验所用的酸中，草酸最优。     

Lignin Characterization of Triploid Clones of Populus tomentosa Carr.

In order to understand the structural characteristics of lignin in triploid clones ofPopulus tomentosa and its changes in the processes of pulping and bleaching, milled wood lignin （MWL）, lignin carbohydrate complex （LCC） and the residual lignin from kraft pulp （KP） and sulfite pulp （SP） were isolated and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum and ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）. The most diagnostic peaks were assigned and the differences were discussed. The spectral patterns reveal that triploid P tomentosa shows the specific features of hardwood from temperate areas, but in the spectrum of FTIR, the strength ratio orAl270 cm^-1 to A1226 cm^-1 is 0.88, higher than the average of hardwood from temperate areas, which will make the lignin delignification more difficult during pulping and bleaching. The LCC from triploid P tomentosa is mainly composed of xyloglucan and glucuronic acid, and other glucides have much lower ratio. In LCC FTIR, there are three peaks at 1 427, 1 329 and 1 046 cm^-1, indicating that both semi-cellulose and cellulose could exist in LCC, and that there might be relationships between cellulose and lignin. Compared with the residual lignin from KP and SP, the condensed structure in KP is more than that in SP.     

EOS/MODIS遥感监测在甘肃迭部重大森林火灾中的应用

森林生态系统是陆地自然生态系统中最大的生态系统,它在整个自然界的动态平衡中具有重要的作用.森林火灾是生态环境的一种重大自然灾害,全世界每年发生森林火灾几十万次.特别是20世纪80年代以来,全球气候持续变暖,林火有上升的趋势(舒立福等,1997).     

Biodiversity and its fragility in Yunnan, China

In Yunnan, 8 major aspects of biodiversity and fragility in landforms, ecosystems, distribution populations, alien invasion, segregation, pollution and maladministration with various menace factors causing biodiversity loss have been described. It is revealed that the facts that the biodiversity and fragility coexists in this paper. Accordingly, 6 major countermeasures for effective conservation and rational utilization of the provincial biodiversity were suggested on the basis of the scientific development concepts, principles of nature protection, conservation biology, resource management and ethnobotany and present status in Yunnan with rich intangible resources such as climatic, ethnical and cultural diversity, etc.     

双氢睾酮诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大模型的建立

应用胰蛋白酶分次消化法分离乳鼠心肌细胞,以差速贴壁法纯化心肌细胞,α-sarconme-actin抗体免疫细胞化学染色鉴定心肌细胞。心肌细胞在无血清无酚红培养基中培养48h后,用双氢睾酮(DHT)诱导心肌细胞肥大,建立心肌细胞肥大模型。24h后检测心肌细胞肥大的指标心肌细胞表面积;BCA法测定心肌细胞蛋白含量;半定量RTPCR两步法检测心肌细胞肥大的特征性基因—心房利钠因子(atrial natriuretic factor,ANF,β-肌球蛋白重链(β-myosin heavy chain,β-MHC)mRNA的表达。结果显示免疫细胞化学染色显示培养的心肌细胞纯度达到90%以上,心肌细胞分离良好。与对照组相比,10-8 mol/L的DHT能显著的增加心肌细胞表面积、蛋白质含量、ANP和β-MHC基因表达的增加(P0.01),心肌细胞肥大模型建立成功。     

海南美兰机场动物卫生监督检查机制

介绍了美兰机场省际动物卫生监督检查站的机构设置、人员配备、监管依据、工作程序、联防联控等监督检查机制。     

固液两相流离心泵流动特性及磨损问题研究进展

由于离心泵应用场合广泛,时常输送含有固体颗粒物的流体介质,固液两相流成为离心泵内流动特性研究的一个常见问题.固相介质的加入,导致扬程和效率的下降,甚至造成泵内壁面严重的磨损,对离心泵的运行性能产生较大的影响,降低了离心泵的持续运行寿命.基于以上问题,国内外学者通过理论分析、试验研究以及数值模拟等方法,对离心泵固液两相流问题开展了大量研究,基本掌握了颗粒在离心泵内的运动分布规律及其对过流部件的磨损情况.颗粒的粒径、密度、体积分数以及离心泵的运行工况都将对泵内固液两相流动产生较大程度的影响.文中从固液两相流动特性和磨损问题这2方面介绍了离心泵固液两相流动的研究现状,并综述了主要研究方法和研究成果,为进一步优化水力及结构设计、提高固液两相流离心泵的性能和可靠性、改善磨损状况提供了一定的参考及研究基础.     

Effects of growing conditions on purple corncob (Zea mays L.) anthocyanins

Purple corn ( Zea mays L.) has been used for centuries as a natural food colorant in South America and, more recently, in Asia and Europe. However, limited information is available on the factors affecting their anthocyanin concentration and profiles. In this study, 18 purple corn samples grown under different conditions in Peru were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative anthocyanin composition as well as total phenolics. High variability was observed on monomeric anthocyanin and phenolic contents with yields ranging from 290 to 1333 mg/100 g dry weight (DW) and from 950 to 3516 mg/100 g DW, respectively, while 30.5-47.1% of the total phenolics were anthocyanins. The major anthocyanins present were cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-maloylglucoside, pelargonidin-3-maloylglucoside, and peonidin-3-maloylglucoside, and 35.6-54.0% of the anthocyanins were acylated. Potassium sources/concentrations on the soil and seedling density did not significantly affect anthocyanin composition. The growing location affected anthocyanin levels and the percentage of anthocyanins to total phenolics ( p < 0.01) and should be taken into account when choosing a material for color production.     

筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分生物量模型构建

本研究以筇竹与黄皮树人工混交林中筇竹地上部分为研究对象,测定分析了1~4年生分株地上部分各构件生物量及含水率,建立人工筇竹分株地上部分各构件的生物量及总生物量模型,以期为人工筇竹林的经营管理及其碳汇项目的开发提供科学依据。结果表明：随着筇竹分株年龄的增加,各构件含水率和生物量均逐渐减少,筇竹1~4年生分株地上部分平均含水率分别为57.62%、53.40%、50.01%、42.66%,平均生物量分别为133.99、123.31、109.76、85.39 g/m²;各年龄分株地上部分生物量的分配均呈现出秆＞枝＞叶的变化规律。不同年龄分株的胸径与秆、枝、叶生物量及地上部分总生物量均有极显著相关性(P＜0.01)。以胸径为自变量建立的各年龄筇竹分株地上部分总生物量模型的决定系数(R²)均在0.93以上,具有较高的可信度,也有着较强的适用性,可用于类似立地条件下的筇竹分株生物量估测。     

海水养殖池塘底泥异养硝化作用的研究

以两种不同养殖对象池塘中的浅层底泥为样品,研究其在外加有机碳源(乙酸钠)的情况下硝化作用所受的影响,包括了NO2--N累积量的变化和培养液pH值的变化。结果表明,在外加有机碳源(乙酸钠)的情况下,供试底泥的硝化作用虽然受到了一定的影响,但仍然存在,且保持了较高的硝化能力。并进一步考察了上述两种底泥对水体中有机质、氨态氮和亚硝酸盐的去除能力,探寻了利用异养硝化作用改善水质环境的潜力。