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101.
102.
Motoki SASAKI Yoko AMANO Daisuke HAYAKAWA Toshio TSUBOTA Hajime ISHIKAWA Toshihiro MOGOE Seiji OHSUMI Masafumi TETSUKA Akio MIYAMOTO Yutaka FUKUI Teguh BUDIPITOJO Nobuo KITAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(2):159-167
There are few reports describing the structure and function of the whale placenta with
the advance of pregnancy. In this study, therefore, the placenta and nonpregnant uterus of
the Antarctic minke whale were observed morphologically and immunohistochemically.
Placentas and nonpregnant uteri were collected from the 15th, 16th and 18th Japanese Whale
Research Programme with Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) and 1st JARPA II organized
by the Institute of Cetacean Research in Tokyo, Japan. In the macro- and microscopic
observations, the placenta of the Antarctic minke whale was a diffuse and epitheliochorial
placenta. The chorion was interdigitated to the endometrium by primary, secondary and
tertiary villi, which contained no specialized trophoblast cells such as binucleate cells,
and the interdigitation became complicated with the progress of gestation. Furthermore,
fetal and maternal blood vessels indented deeply into the trophoblast cells and
endometrial epithelium respectively with fetal growth. The minke whale placenta showed a
fold-like shape as opposed to a finger-like shape. In both nonpregnant and pregnant uteri,
many uterine glands were distributed. The uterine glands in the superficial layer of the
pregnant endometrium had a wide lumen and large epithelial cells as compared with those in
the deep layer. On the other hand, in the nonpregnant endometrium, the uterine glands had
a narrower lumen and smaller epithelial cells than in the pregnant endometrium. In
immunohistochemical detection, immunoreactivity for P450scc was detected in most
trophoblast cells, but not in nonpregnant uteri, suggesting that trophoblast epithelial
cells synthesized and secreted the sex steroid hormones and/or their precursors to
maintain the pregnancy in the Antarctic minke whale. 相似文献
103.
104.
Yoichiro Kato Midori Okami Ryosuke Tajima Daisuke Fujita Nobuya Kobayashi 《Field Crops Research》2010
Precise evaluation of root system architecture is important for understanding how rice plants are adapted to non-puddled and non-flooded conditions in aerobic culture. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of root length by the Comair root length scanner and a flat bed scanner and image analysis software in rice grown in aerobic, near-saturated and flooded fields. Fine roots (diameter < 0.2 mm) accounted for >80% of root length in all hydrological conditions. The Comair root length scanner detected fewer fine roots than the software; root length estimated by the Comair scanner was between that of roots wider than 0.1 mm and roots wider than 0.2 mm estimated by image analysis software. Importantly, total root length under aerobic and near-saturated conditions was 10–30% of that under flooding by image analysis software, but not by the Comair scanner. Digital image analysis detected genotypic differences in fine root development in the subsurface layer in aerobic culture that the Comair root length scanner would have missed. Although root length measurement by image analysis software is still under development, this new tool will facilitate the phenotyping of root system architecture and shed light on the roles of fine roots in water-saving rice cultivation. 相似文献
105.
Kazukiyo Yamamoto Kenji Kobayashi Toshiro Nonoda Akio Inoue Nobuya Mizoue 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(5):283-288
In order to evaluate the effects of settings of digital fisheye photography on estimates of relative illuminance (RI) within
a forest under low light conditions, we assessed the effectiveness of some estimators, i.e., canopy openness (CO), sky factor
(SF), and diffuse transmittance (DIF). The estimates were calculated from digital hemispherical photographs taken with two
different exposure settings, i.e., the reference exposure setting and the auto-exposure setting. We also presented a new estimator
(%Exposure), which does not require image analysis, and compared it with other estimators calculated from a digital hemispherical
photograph using image analysis. The CO, SF, and DIF calculated from digital hemispherical photographs taken with auto-exposure
setting were not significantly correlated with RI. However, those calculated from digital hemispherical photographs taken
with reference exposure settings were significantly correlated with RI. On the other hand, %Exposure showed a slightly higher
correlation with RI compared with the other estimators. 相似文献
106.
Hayato AMAIKE Motoki SASAKI Nao TSUZUKI Mitsunori KAYANO Motoharu OISHI Kazutaka YAMADA Hideki ENDO Tomoko ANEZAKI Naoya MATSUMOTO Rumiko NAKASHITA Misako KUROE Hajime TARU Gen BANDO Yuko IKETANI Ryohei NAKAMURA Nobutaka SATO Daisuke FUKUI Nobuo KITAMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1284
In several primates and carnivores, pronation/supination angles of the forearm skeleton were examined, and it is thought that a larger angle is useful to acquire dexterous behaviors in feeding and/or life style, including climbing. In this study, the pronation/supination angles in Asiatic black, brown and polar bears were nondestructively examined. These specimens were classified as adult or non-adult. Three or four carcasses of each group of Asiatic black and brown bears were used for CT analysis, whereas only one adult polar bear was used. The forearms were positioned within the gantry of a CT scanner in both maximally supinated and pronated states. Extracted cross-sectional CT images of two positions were superimposed by overlapping the outlines of each ulna. The centroids of the radii were detected, and then the centroid of each radius and the midpoint of a line which connects between both ends of the surface of each radius facing the ulna, were connected by lines to measure the angle of rotation as an index of pronation/supination. In adult brown and polar bears, the angles were smaller as compared with the other groups (Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears). Asiatic black and non-adult brown bears can climb trees, whereas adult brown bears and polar bears cannot. This suggests that the pronation/supination angle is related to arboreal activity in Ursidae. 相似文献
107.
Nobuya Tashiro Ayako Urakawa Kazuyuki Shoji Yoichi Matsuo Toyozo Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):381-385
In early January 2015–2017, anthracnose was detected on Satsuma mandarin orange (SMO) (Citrus unshiu) fruits kept in farmers’ storage rooms in Saga Prefecture, Japan. Three single-spore isolates from rotten fruits reproduced the postharvest anthracnose symptoms in wound-inoculated SMO fruits and were re-isolated from lesions. The isolates were identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae based on conidial morphology, culture characteristics, rDNA-ITS, and beta-tubulin-2 gene sequences. This is the first report of postharvest anthracnose on SMO caused by C. fioriniae. 相似文献
108.
Successful production of blastocysts following ultrarapid vitrification with step-wise equilibriation of germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Aono N Naganuma T Abe Y Hara K Sasada H Sato E Yoshida H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2003,49(6):501-506
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability and subsequent developmental ability of murine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes ultrarapidly vitrified after step-wise exposure to cryoprotectants (CPAs). Oocytes were transferred to a vitrification solution composed of 15% ethylene glycol, 15% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.5 M sucrose in a direct manner (non-preequilibrium) or in a step-wise manner (single-, two-, or ten-step preequilibrium). After ultrarapid vitrification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed, washed by diluting the CPAs in five steps, and then subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. In the non-preequilibrium group, the rates of post-thawed oocytes surviving, maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were 91.8, 87.1, 15.9 and 2.3%, respectively. In the single- and two-step groups, the corresponding rates were 97.0-98.2%, 92.2-95.0%, 22.0-29.4% and 8.8-15.6%, whereas in the ten-step group they were 98.2, 91.8, 38.6 and 22.8%, respectively. In the non-vitrified control group, the rates of oocytes maturing to metaphase-II, developing to blastocysts and to hatching/hatched blastocysts were 90.2, 75.2 and 51.5%, respectively. The present study shows that the ultrarapid vitrification of murine GV oocytes by a step-wise manner involving 10 steps preequilibrium may have an advantage in maintaining the viability and subsequent production of blastocysts. 相似文献
109.
Kenichi OTAWA Masaaki SATO Takako SASAKI Hiraku SASAKI Jun NONAKA Kikuji ITO Toshio KUROKI Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(3):261-269
The ecology of shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is important in the animal production environment. We investigated fecal shedding of STEC in one town in Miyagi, Japan by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting shiga toxin gene 1 (stx1), gene 2 (stx2) and malB promoter gene, and analyzed the PCR products of stx1 or stx2 (54 samples) by direct sequencing. Three of 46 (6.5%) beef cattle in the University Farm of Tohoku University (Kawatabi Farm) and 11 of 70 (15.7%) calves in neighboring dairy farms carried STEC. Rate of detecting genes of stx1, stx2 and stx1+2 was 3.4% (4/116), 8.6% (10/116) and 0.9% (1/116), respectively. Serotyping indicated that STEC contaminated farms at different times or through different routes. Isolates harbored no mutation among stx1, but six (Kawatabi Farm) and 38 (neighboring farms) base substitutions among stx2, respectively. The diversity of substitutions of stx2 was observed among farms or even in a farm. Phylogenic analysis revealed that STEC detected in the area were classified into three clusters by the variety of stx2. Sequence analysis of stx2 will be one of the tools for clarifying the source of outbreaks and the route of contamination of STEC. 相似文献
110.
Akihiko HAGINO Eiji INOMATA Takuya SATO Yasushi OHTOMO Yasuyuki SASAKI Yoshiaki OBARA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):55-63
This study was designed to examine the effects of the proportion of concentrate in the diet on the secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) secretion and the GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH)‐induced GH response in adult sheep fed once daily. Dietary treatments were roughage and concentrate at ratios of 100:0 (0% concentrate diet), 60:40 (40% concentrate diet), and 20:80 (80% concentrate diet) on a dry matter basis. Mean plasma concentrations of GH before daily feeding (10.00–14.00 hours) were 11.4 ± 0.4, 10.1 ± 0.5 and 7.5 ± 0.3 ng/mL on the 0, 40 and 80% concentrate diet treatments, respectively. A significant decrease in plasma GH concentration was observed after daily feeding of any of the dietary treatments and these decreased levels were maintained for 8 h (0%), 12 h (40%) and 12 h (80%), respectively (P < 0.05). Plasma IGF‐I concentrations were significantly decreased 8–12 h and 4–16 h after the end of feeding compared with the prefeeding level in the 40 and 80% concentrate diet treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). GHRH injection brought an abrupt increase in the plasma GH concentrations, reaching a peak 10 min after each injection, but, after the meal, the peak plasma GH values for animals fed 40% (P < 0.05) and 80% (P < 0.01) concentrate diet were lower than that for roughage fed animals. The concentrate content of a diet affects the anterior pituitary function of sheep resulting in reduced baseline concentrations of GH and prolonged GH reduction after feeding once daily. 相似文献