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21.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):280-285
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate (0, 15, 30 or 45%; on a dry matter basis) and roughage sources (rice straw or wheat straw) on finishing performance and carcass quality of cull beef cows. Sixteen Japanese Black (Wagyu) mature cull cows (490 ± 31 kg of BW) were used in this experiment. Increasing the levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources did not significantly affect feed intake in cows. In addition, the final body weight, daily gain and feed : gain ratio were not influenced by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and the type of roughage. Increasing the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate would probably decrease the marbling score. The L* values of the longissimus muscle (LM) tended to respond quadratically ( P = 0.078) as the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate increased, and was lowest for cows fed the concentrate which included 30% potato pulp silage. The a* and b* values of the LM and fat color were not affected by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate. No effects of roughage sources on finishing performance were observed. 相似文献
22.
Kondo M Washizu M Matsukura Y Washizu T Miyasaka K Takata M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(9):965-970
The pressure-flow relationships and the longitudinal distributions of pulmonary vascular resistance in normal and heartworm-infected (HWI) dogs were compared in an isolated, blood perfused preparation. The pulmonary circulation was partitioned into pulmonary arterial, middle, and venous segment based on the concept of a five element lumped model. The pulmonary arterial pressure-flow relationships were found to be non-linear and convex to the pressure axis in both normal and HWI lungs. The pressure-flow relationships of the pulmonary arterial and venous segment were linear and these slopes in the HWI lungs were significantly higher than the normal lungs. The pressure gradient of the middle segment was increased as flow increased at lower flow range, however, it was not increased during higher perfusion range in both lungs. At higher flow, the pressure gradient of the middle segment in the HWI lungs was significantly higher than the normal lungs. These results suggest that the ohmic resistance was almost equal to the sum of the two slopes of the pressure-flow relationships of the pulmonary arterial and venous segment because the pressure gradient of the middle segment was not altered as flow increased during higher perfusion rate. Because the slopes of the pressure-flow relationships of the pulmonary arterial and venous segment were increased with heartworm infection, the ohmic resistance of HWI lungs would be higher than normal lungs. The intercept pressure on the pressure axis of the linear portion of the pulmonary arterial pressure-flow relationship, a critical closing pressure, was regarded as pressure gradient of the middle segment during higher perfusing rate because the intercept pressures of pressure-flow relationships of pulmonary arterial and venous segment were almost equal to zero. Therefore, the critical closing pressure of HWI lungs would be higher than normal lungs. The pulmonary hypertension of filariasis appears to be due to an increase in ohmic resistance and elevated critical closing pressure. 相似文献
23.
Endo H Sasaki M Narushima E Komiya T Hayashida A Hayashi Y Stafford BJ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(8):839-843
The extensor and flexor group muscles and their related muscles were functional-morphologically observed in the dead body of the giant panda to clarify the action of the forearm and the palm in the manipulation of the species. The Musculus flexor carpi ulnaris had two developed heads, however, we can conclude that the contraction of this muscle slightly changes the angle of the accessory carpal bone to the ulna. The data pointed out that the accessory carpal bone acts as a supporting post, when the giant panda seizes the object. The M. abductor digiti I longus possessed the well-developed origin in both ulna and radius. These findings suggest that this muscle may function as a supinator of the forearm. We also suggest that the well-developed M. pronator quadratus and M. pronator teres, and the proximal part of the M. abductor digiti I longus and the M. supinator may efficiently contribute to the pronator-spinator action of the forearm, when the giant panda brings the food to its mouth using the manipulation system equipped in the palm region. 相似文献
24.
Endo H Kimura J Oshida T Stafford BJ Rerkamnuaychoke W Nishida T Sasaki M Hayashida A Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):277-282
The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of Kra remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient Kra barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of Kra. In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores. 相似文献
25.
Endo H Kimura J Oshida T Stafford BJ Rerkamnuaychoke W Nishida T Sasaki M Hayashida A Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1213-1218
We osteometrically examined the skulls of the black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) from three mainland populations (M. Malayan Peninsula, V. South Vietnam, and B. Burma, India and North Thailand) and from two island populations (T. Tioman, and S. Sumatra Islands). The skull in the Malayan peninsula population was significantly smaller than that of the two other mainland populations. It is consistent with Bergmann's rule as shown in the gray-bellied squirrel. The two island populations did not show obvious differences in comparison with the Malayan population in many measurements. In the proportion analysis eliminating the size factor, the differences among populations were not easily confirmed and we concluded that the osteological characters peculiar to each population could not be shown in this species. The first and second principal component scores of M, S, and T populations were intermingled, whereas the V and B populations of V and B were not separated in the chart. We pointed out that the morphological differences were demonstrated between northern and southern groups of the Isthmus of Kra in the mainland populations, and that the two island populations did not show the island-isolation effect in comparison with the M population. The adaptational variation related to feeding and locomotion could not be confirmed among populations of the black giant squirrel as shown in the proportion analysis. 相似文献
26.
Ai Maeno Yoshimitsu Sakamoto Motoki Hojo Yukie Tada Jin Suzuki Akiko Inomata Takako Moriyasu Akihiko Hirose Noriko Kemuriyama Katsuhiro Miyajima Dai Nakae 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2021,34(4):353
Zymbal’s gland neoplasms are induced in rats through the administration of various carcinogens, but spontaneous neoplasia is rare. This report describes a spontaneous Zymbal’s gland carcinoma with lung metastasis found in an aged male Fischer 344 rat. Macroscopically, the dome-like tumor nodule, approximately 30 mm in diameter with ulceration, was located near the ear canal of the rat. No healthy tissue or structure of Zymbal’s gland was identified on the corresponding side, while the normal salivary glands and a lacrimal gland were observed. Histologically, a large part of the tumor mass was occupied by poorly differentiated neoplastic cells, the shapes of which were oval to polygonal or fusiform. Additionally, clusters of sebaceous-like foamy cells and squamous metaplasia with prominent keratinization were observed. Tumor cells were found to metastasize to the lung; these cells displayed histological similarities, including a sebaceous gland-like pattern, to those in the primary site. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 or vimentin but negative for CD68, S100, α-smooth muscle actin, von Willebrand factor, and desmin. Our results indicate that the tumor was a poorly differentiated Zymbal’s gland carcinoma with lung metastasis. 相似文献
27.
Ikutaro Tsuyama Katsuhiro Nakao Motoki Higa Tetsuya Matsui Koji Shichi Nobuyuki Tanaka 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):154-165
Plant distributions are thought to be controlled by climate at large scales, and by non-climatic factors including soil conditions, topography and biotic interactions at smaller scales. However, not all plant distributions are explained by the current environment. Lags between current plant distributions and suitable environment for them are suggested to exist, which is often called empty habitat. To identify the existence and cause of lags between current climate and the distribution of Tsuga diversifolia, climatic conditions for the species distribution were clarified and potential habitats under current and the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 ka) climates have been projected. The relationships between T. diversifolia distribution and climatic variables were explored using a classification tree model and a generalized additive model based on high-resolution (ca. 1 km) climatic data and a nationwide distribution database. The models were highly accurate. We revealed that T. diversifolia requires high summer precipitation even in humid Japanese environments. Areas with cool and wet summers were classified as potential habitat. Empty habitat for the focal species was identified in Hokkaido. Meanwhile, no potential habitat was projected in Hokkaido under the LGM. Additional experiments that varied temperature and summer precipitation during the LGM showed that the potential habitat was projected in Hokkaido irrespective of temperature decrease if summer precipitation increased nearly equal to the current climate. These results suggest that T. diversifolia vanished from Hokkaido, where fossil evidence indicated its occurrence until the late Neogene, during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene because of increased summer dryness. 相似文献
28.
Motoki SASAKI Yoko AMANO Daisuke HAYAKAWA Toshio TSUBOTA Hajime ISHIKAWA Toshihiro MOGOE Seiji OHSUMI Masafumi TETSUKA Akio MIYAMOTO Yutaka FUKUI Teguh BUDIPITOJO Nobuo KITAMURA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(1):62-67
In this study, we examined the existence and structure of areolae and the
steroidogenesis of areolar trophoblast cells in the Antarctic minke whale placenta
morphologically and immunohistochemically. Placentas were collected from the 15th, 16th
and 18th Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Antarctic (JARPA) and
1st JARPA II organized by the Institute of Cetacean Research in Tokyo, Japan. The opening
and cavity of fetal areolae formed by taller columnar trophoblast cells (areolar
trophoblast cells) with long microvilli and a bright cytoplasm, as compared with the
trophoblast cells of the chorionic villi interdigitating with the endometrial crypts, were
recognized in observations of serial sections. The opening of the areolar cavity was
hidden by chorionic villi with areolar trophoblast cells. Furthermore, a closed pouch-like
structure lined by tall columnar cells similar to areolar trophoblast cells within the
stroma of chorionic villi was noticed and continued to the areolar cavity, with the
opening seen on serial sections. In a surface investigation of the chorion and endometrium
by SEM, maternal (endometrial) areolae irregularly surrounded by endometrial folds were
obvious. Moreover, we distinguished areolar trophoblast cells with long microvilli
attached with many blebs from trophoblast cells. In our immunohistochemical observations,
a steroidogenic enzyme, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), was detected
with strong immunoreactivity in trophoblast cells. However, areolar trophoblast cells
showed weak or no immunoreactivity for P450scc. 相似文献
29.
The effect of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) treatment on the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of two fractions which were isolated from a soy protein sample was studied. The T(g) of each fraction measured by differential scanning calorimetry was lowered by the MTG treatment, which generated cross-links in the samples, and this result agreed with the result of dynamic mechanical analysis. From the (1)H NMR measurement, the line width of the (1)H signal of the MTG-treated sample was observed to be greater than that of the MTG-nontreated sample at similar water content, which implied that there was relatively more immobilized water in the MTG-treated sample. The MTG treatment seemed to cause the increment in immobilized water, which might affect the T(g) of the soy protein sample. 相似文献
30.
Ikutaro Tsuyama Katsuhiro Nakao Tetsuya Matsui Motoki Higa Masahiro Horikawa Yuji Kominami Nobuyuki Tanaka 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):689-699