尤努斯小额贷款模式在址山镇的可行性研究

在当前"三农"问题中,解决农村贷款难的问题是推动农村经济发展的关键。孟加拉国的银行家尤努斯创建的"穷人银行"模式的成功似乎给解决这一难题提供一种可行的方法。但本文在对广东省鹤山市址山镇昆阳村进行实地调查基础上,分别从资金供给方和资金需求方的角度用定性和定量相结合的方法对调查结果进行分析,却得到"穷人银行"模式因为广东省和孟加拉国在政治文化背景上相差较大所以并不适合当地及广东省发展的结论。最后,文章根据广东省的实际情况提出了"穷人银行"在广东实行的改进建议。     

Optimal dietary lipid level for large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae

A 30‐day feeding experiment was conducted in blue tanks (70 × 50 × 60 cm, water volume 180 L) to determine the effects of dietary lipid levels on the survival, growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) larvae (12 days after hatchery, with initial average weight 1.93 ± 0.11 mg). Five practical microdiets, containing 83 g kg^?1 (Diet 1), 126 g kg^?1 (Diet 2), 164 g kg^?1 (Diet 3), 204 g kg^?1 (Diet 4) and 248 g kg^?1 lipid (Diet 5), were formulated. Live feeds (Artemia sinicia nauplii and live copepods) were used as the control diet (Diet 6). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of tanks, and each tank was stocked with 3500 larvae. During the experiment, water temperature was maintained at 23(±1) °C, pH 8.0 (±0.2) and salinity 25 (±2) g L^?1. The results showed that dietary lipid significantly influenced the survival and growth of large yellow croaker larvae. Survival increased with the increase of dietary lipid from 83 to 164 g kg^?1, and then decreased. The survival of larvae fed the diet with 83 g kg^?1 lipid (16.1%) was significantly lower than that of larvae fed other diets. However, the survival in larvae fed the diet with 16.4 g kg^?1 lipid was the highest compared with other artificial microdiets. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid level from 83 to 164 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05), and then decreased. The SGR in larvae fed the diet with 164 g kg^?1 lipid (10.0% per day) was comparable with 204 g kg^?1 lipid (9.6% per day), but were significantly higher than other microdiets (P < 0.05). On the basis of survival and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid level was estimated to be 172 and 177 g kg^?1 of diet using second‐order polynomial regression analysis respectively.     

Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism in a cat using echocardiography and pulmonary scintigraphy

A 10-year-old male cat was presented with sudden onset of respiratory difficulties. Clinical examinatlon revealed an acute dyspnoea with cyanosis associated with a left systolic heart murmur. Standard thoracic radiographs excluded pulmonary oedema and showed very few pulmonary changes given the intensity of the respiratory compromlse. Echocardiographic examination revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a thrombus In the right pulmonary artery. Pulmonary sclntlgraphy confirmed a pulmonary thromboembolism with hypovascularisatlon of the left cranial lobe and of the ventral segment of the right lobe. Conservative treatment was instituted using an antibiotic (doxycycllne), anticoagulants (heparin, coumadine) and a calcium lnhlbitor (diltiazem). The cat was given absolute rest. The general condition of the animal improved.     

甜橙新品种——桂橙一号的选育

桂橙一号是冰糖橙优良芽变株系,成熟期11月下旬,平均单果质量154.0g,大小较均匀,可食率75.66%,可溶性固形物含量14.6%,全糖12.47%,酸0.38%,风味浓郁,有蜜香,甜脆化渣,树形开张,丰产稳产,商品性好,适应性强,果实耐贮藏。     

茂名近岸海域生态调查和生物监测

采用生物监测方法,对茂名市近岸海域生态环境进行现状调查和监测。监测结果表明,茂名近岸生态系统较稳定,物种分布比较均匀,大部分水域为清洁区,少数水域为轻度污染,尚未达到发生赤潮的危险程度。     

基于熵权物元模型的黄芩适宜生境区划

[目的]黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)是中国3级野生保护药材物种。利用生境适宜性评价模型对黄芩的适宜生境进行区划,并计算各适宜生境面积,为保护和实现黄芩资源的可持续利用提供科学依据。[方法]利用熵权物元模型,建立黄芩标志性药用成分黄芩苷(C21H18O11)含量与15个环境评价因子之间的模糊隶属函数,采用熵值法确定各评价因子权重,结合GIS空间分析模拟中国黄芩生境适宜区地理空间分布。[结果]中国黄芩不适宜生境、低适宜生境、中适宜生境和高适宜生境的面积分别为5.07×106,1.65×106,1.88×106和1.00×106 km2,其中高适宜生境主要集中在秦岭—淮河一线以北,以河南、山东、辽宁、陕西中南部、河北、吉林、黑龙江南部、山西南部等地区为显著代表,此外云南、安徽等省也有少量分布,与实际分布范围极为吻合。[结论]评价因子中平均日较差、降水季节性变化、最湿月降水量以及坡向基本控制了黄芩的地理空间分布。     

NaCl胁迫对阿克苏鹰嘴豆种子萌发特性的影响

用不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理鹰嘴豆种子,并研究了NaCl胁迫下鹰嘴豆种子萌发的特性.结果表明,随着盐浓度的升高,根重、根长、根干重、芽重、芽长、芽干重均呈下降趋势,低浓度(10～ 50 mmol/L)可促进种子萌发,尤其是在50 mmol/L时生长最好;而高浓度的NaCl(100～600 mmol/L)抑制种子萌发,和对照组相比有显著性的差异.甚至在400～600 mmol/L浓度下鹰嘴豆种子不萌发.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定苹果 梨中氯氰菊酯联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯的残留量

利用乙腈提取、氧化铝和弗罗里硅土填料净化的前处理方法,研究了采用毛细管气相色谱同时测定苹果、梨中氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯残留量的方法。结果表明,用20mL10%丙酮/石油醚作为淋洗液,0.5mg·L-1水平时苹果、梨在两种填料的回收率都在90%—120%之间;在0.05mg·L-1水平时,苹果、梨在弗罗里硅土柱上,3种菊酯都达到了90%—110%的满意结果;而在氧化铝柱上,只有联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯达到90%—110%的结果,氯氰菊酯只达到64.8%和61.5%的结果。综合考虑,利用弗罗里硅土柱对这3种菊酯的净化效果较好,高低浓度均符合农药残留分析的要求。     

白斑综合征病毒与凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群区系之间关系的初步研究

比较了同一养殖池中的感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)和未感染WSSV的凡纳滨对虾的肠道菌群,旨在探讨对虾肠道菌群与机体健康状态之间的关系。感染WSSV对虾肠道的细菌总数为1.06×106CFU/尾,显著高于未感染WSSV的对虾(1.78×105CFU/尾;P<0.05),且其肠道中的细菌分别属于弧菌属、气单胞菌属、海水球菌属、盐水球菌属和乳酸杆菌属;染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05),气单胞菌的比例显著的低于感染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05);盐球菌所占的比例两者之间差异不显著。结果显示,两种对虾在肠道菌群组成和细菌组成和细菌数量上存在显著的差异,初步表明对虾肠道菌群区系和机体的健康状态密切相关。     

“高地”截形瓦苇的组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

利用“高地”截形瓦苇的花葶作材料,对其离体组织培养与快速繁殖技术进行研究,结果表明:花葶愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,启动速度快,而且愈伤组织质量好;诱导培养基中加入KT和低浓度的NAA比单一采用6-BA效果更好;最适的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.2mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,增殖系数达5.5以上,而且质量高,芽分化多;MS+NAA0.1mg/L是较适合的复壮与生根培养基,植株移栽成活率一般在50%左右。利用花葶作外植体,可以在不损伤原母本植株的基础上实现组织培养和快速繁殖的目的,从而实现商品化、规模化生产。