“分类培养、融合发展、实践递推”三位一体的农业机械化专业建设改革与实践研究

围绕农业工程应用型人才缺乏等问题,以本科生能力培养为目标,以校企融合发展为导向,通过培养方案修订、凝练课程体系、创新教育教学方法、校企协同育人等举措,实施“分类培养、融合发展、实践递推”三位一体的本科应用型人才培养模式,强化本科生工程创新能力的培养,已取得初步成效。     

玉米定向穴播穴施肥免耕精播机研制

为了避免传统的种肥混施时种子肥料相互碰撞影响播种质量、化肥对种子生物活性的抑制,以及避免种肥侧位、种肥垂直分施时化肥分散分布、没有针对特定种子而导致利用率不高的现象,研究设计了玉米定向穴播穴施肥免耕精播机。该机能实现定量、定距和定穴的高效玉米免耕精密播种施肥作业,种子及肥料达到成穴分施要求,位置分布及两穴之间的土层厚度符合农业技术提出的指标要求,且播种量和施肥量之间的调节相互独立,同时降低成本,提高产量,保护土壤。      

硒对S. aureus诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞Nod2/MAPK/mTORs信号通路关键蛋白表达的影响

【目的】硒（Se）能否通过Nod2/MAPK/mTOR途径调控金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞炎性损伤,有待于进一步研究。因此本研究将探究硒对金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）感染的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bMECs）Nod2/MAPK/mTORs信号通路中关键蛋白表达的影响,从而为阐明硒的免疫调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】首先将bMECs以10 ⁶细胞/孔接种于6孔板中,当细胞超过80%的汇合度时,用含2、4和8 μmol·L ^-1浓度硒的培养基替换原来的培养基,继续孵育12 h,然后用PBS洗涤每孔3次,将S. aureus按MOI=1:1的比例加入6孔板中,继续培养0.5 h,然后收集bMECs细胞进行相关蛋白的检测。本试验共分3大组,即对照（Con）组（bMECs）、模型（Mod）组（bMECs+S. aureus）和试验组。其中试验组又分3个亚剂量组,即Low组（bMECs+2 μmol·L ^-1 Se+S. aureus）、Mid组（bMECs+4 μmol·L ^-1 Se+S. aureus）和Hig组（bMECs+8 μmol·L ^-1 Se+S. aureus）,每组设3个重复。利用BCA蛋白测定试剂盒对收集的bMECs细胞进行总蛋白提取。应用Western blotting技术检测bMECs中Nod2和RIP2蛋白表达水平及JNK,AKT和mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平。将蛋白样品加到10%的SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中,上样量为20 μg/孔,之后将蛋白转移到聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜上。将PVDF膜用5 mL 5%脱脂乳阻断2 h,脱脂乳脱脂后用TBST清洗后,分别用5 mL的 Nod2、RIP2、JNK、AKT、mTOR和β-actin的一抗孵育过夜,回收一抗。之后在PVDF膜中分别加入5 mL上述蛋白的二抗,室温孵育2 h,回收二抗。PVDF用TBST洗涤5次,最后在暗室条件下进行化学显影。 【结果】S. aureus能显著提高bMECs中Nod2和RIP2蛋白表达水平及JNK,AKT和mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平（P<0.01）。S. aureus感染0.5 h后,Nod2蛋白水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在培养基里添加2 μmol·L ^-1 的硒可极显著抑制Nod2蛋白的表达（P<0.01）,在培养基里添加8 μmol·L ^-1 的硒可显著抑制Nod2的表达（P<0.05）; S . aureus感染0.5 h后,RIP2蛋白水平显著升高（P<0.05）,而在培养基里添加8 μmol·L ^-1 硒可显著抑制RIP2蛋白的表达（P<0.05）;S. aureus感染0.5 h后,与对照组相比,模型组JNK蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在培养基里添加4 μmol·L ^-1 的硒能显著抑制JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）,在培养基里添加8 μmol·L ^-1 的硒能显著抑制JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平（P<0.01）; S. aureus感染0.5 h后,与对照组相比,模型组AKT蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在培养基里添加4 μmol·L ^-1 硒可极显著抑制JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平（P<0.01）,在培养基里添加8 μmol·L ^-1 硒可显著抑制AKT蛋白的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）;S. aureus感染0.5 h后,模型组mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在培养基里分别添加4 μmol·L ^-1 和8 μmol·L ^-1 硒均能显著抑制mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。 【结论】硒可通过抑制bMECs Nod2/MAPK/mTORs信号通路中关键因子蛋白的表达而减轻S. aureus诱导的bMECs炎症反应。     

Seasonal changes in feed intake,diet digestibility and diet composition by lactating and non‐lactating goats browsing in a semi‐arid rangeland of Argentina

We determined the seasonal nutrient and secondary compound intake, in vivo diet digestibility (DD) and diet species composition of goats in different physiological states in a desert rangeland of Argentina. During the wet and the dry seasons, 24 mature female Creole goats (six non‐lactating, non‐pregnant and six lactating in each season) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diet botanical composition, DD and dry‐matter intake (DMI) were estimated by the combined use of visual observation, microhistological analyses of faecal samples and n‐alkane technique. Browse species dominated the goats’ diets (>80%) in both seasons and physiological states, with a twofold increase in the proportion of forbs during the wet season (p < 0.10). Lactating goats showed greater DMI than non‐lactating animals, and they also displayed greater intakes of some tanniferous (Mimosa ephedroides) and high‐protein (Atriplex lampa) shrubs (p < 0.10). Lactating and non‐lactating goats selected diets with adequate crude protein (CP) and fibre content but insufficient energy, although lactating goats tended to increase energy and tannin content in their diets (p < 0.20). Physiological state did not influence DD, but digestibility was greater (p < 0.10) in the wet season, attributed to the greater protein content and lower tannin content of the diet. These results have important implications for managerial interventions on traditional goat production systems in the study area aiming at enhancing goat nutrition and welfare, as well as the sustainability of rangeland resources in the region.     

不同丛枝菌根真菌种类对生姜生长的影响

研究盆栽条件下,接种不同丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）种类对生姜不同生育时期农艺性状的影响及其在生姜根内的定殖情况。采用生姜组培苗,于幼苗期分别接种12株AMF进行生姜农艺性状比较试验,在温室盆栽接种后每隔30 d对生姜根系进行取样分析,比较菌根侵染率、侵染强度和丛枝丰度的大小,以观察不同AMF菌株对生姜苗的侵染动态。结果表明,所有接种AMF组的生姜植株,其生长量均高于空白对照组。结合不同菌株在根系的侵染率,筛选出生姜AMF优势种类为：细凹无梗囊霉（Acaulospora scrobiculata）、网状球囊霉（Glomus reticulatum）、隐形球囊霉（Paraglomus occltum）、摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）。说明苗期接种这4个优势菌种,能够促进生姜生长,是适宜生姜生长的优良AMF菌株。     

水稻叶倾角分子机制及育种应用的研究进展

水稻叶倾角是指叶片与茎秆之间的夹角,叶倾角影响叶片光合作用速率,与株型和产量密切相关,如直立叶片就是水稻理想株型形态因素之一。叶倾角的大小受到多种植物激素的调控,是油菜素内酯、生长素、赤霉素、茉莉酸等多种激素相互作用的结果,另外,其他因素如根系分布、叶片大小、生长环境等也会对水稻叶倾角大小产生一定的影响。本文根据水稻叶倾角的研究进展,着重从叶枕的发育、激素水平及其他因素等方面,对水稻叶倾角的分子机制及其在育种中的应用进行阐述与总结,以期为水稻株型的分子设计育种提供参考,为进一步提高水稻的产量奠定理论基础。     

一种快速高效提取花生叶片DNA的简化方法

为获得适用于高通量测序的高质量花生叶片DNA,本方法取第三对真叶为实验材料,设计烧制圆球状枪头和离心管装置代替研钵研磨,并在CTAB法的基础上在杂质沉淀前快速分离DNA等简化方法提取DNA。琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果表明DNA条带清晰、完整性高。经超微量分光光度计检测,DNA浓度范围在104～131ng/μL,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₈₀为1.7～2.0,OD₂₆₀/OD₂₃₀大于2.0,说明杂质少,可获得高纯度,高浓度的DNA。此方法与常用的植物基因组DNA提取方法相比,具有成本低、时间短、质量高的优点,可用于基因组重测序、分子生物学技术以及分子标记筛选等后续研究,可提高花生分子育种与筛选工作效率。     

早熟优质陆地棉新陆中82号的选育

本文概述了新陆中82号的选育过程、特征特性及主要栽培技术。     

Effect of photoperiod on development and reproduction of Megacopta cribraria(Hemiptera:Plataspidae)

Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) continually outbreaks due to suitable photoperiod in recent years. Effect of photoperiod on growth, development and reproduction of M. cribraria were assessed in this study. Results indicated that developmental duration, nutrient accumulation efficiency, and adult fecundity of M. cribraria were significantly different under 6 photoperiodical conditions. Developmental duration of nymph stage gradually tended to be shorter as day time increase. Body weights of 5th instar nymphs for 16 h and 4 h day time photoperiods were 5.2 mg and 4.6 mg, respectively. Moreover, longevity of adults tended to be longer as day time increase. However, for the short day photoperiod (4 L:20 D and 8 L:16 D), population showed no reproductive behaviors. Index of population trend increased with photoperiod extension and adults showed stronger reproductive capacity and longer longevity. This research identified the favorable photoperiodical conditions before outbreak. It may provided reference for ecological adaptability of M. cribraria, and contribute to the scientific basis for forecasting and controlling of M. cribraria.     

Influence of rotation system on siderophere-producing microorganism(SPM) in rhizosphere soil of southern China

Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.