高脂马尾松营养袋育苗技术

文章总结了培育高脂马尾松营养袋种子苗的播种、育苗及其管理技术方面的一些成功经验.     

修枝间伐对松突圆蚧抑制作用的研究

严重危害广东省沿海地区马尾松的松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi),自1982年在深圳、珠海等地发现后，至今危害面积约43万ha，其中枯萎或涉死的约8万ha。     

山桂花人工林林木材性与生长特性关系研究

对山桂花人工林林木木材基本密度和纤维长度径向变异的研究表明 ,山桂花人工林林木的木材材积加权平均基本密度为 0 4 82 6g/cm3 ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材基本密度 (0 5 30 0g/cm3 ) ;山桂花人工林林木木材纤维长度为 1182 4～ 15 96 4 μm ,材积加权平均值为 1375 4 5 μm ,低于山桂花天然林林木的木材纤维长度 (12 0 0～ 2 2 5 0 μm)。通过研究还得出了基本密度 (BD)、纤维长度 (FL)与生长轮 (年龄CA)和生长轮宽度(RW)。数学模型为FL =12 6 9 86 4 1+2 7 0 2 0 7CA - 5 4 4 4 3RW ;BD =0 4 782 - 0 0 0 2 4CA +0 0 0 2 9RW ,以此分析了木材性质与树木生长特性之间的关系 ,为速生用材林的培育提供依据。     

西双版纳西南桦、山桂花人工林水源涵养效能研究

利用蘸水法分析了在西双版纳普文山地营造的西南桦、山桂花人工纯林的乔、灌、草、枯落物等 4个层次的最大持水能力 ,以及测定了这两种人工林土壤的蓄水能力 ,得出西南桦全林最大持水量为 6 2 93mm ,山桂花林为 6 7 94mm。于此对西双版纳种植的西南桦、山桂花人工林在水源涵养功能和作用上有所了解。     

白龙江林区云杉病虫害调查及防治措施

对白龙江林区云杉人工示范林进行病虫害监测调查,结果表明：每hm2云杉人工示范林样地内有3种常见的有害生物危害,即云杉落针病、云杉叶锈病和杉针黄叶甲,感病指数分布为3级、1级和3级。通过化学和烟剂防治手段,病虫害蔓延得到有效控制,为白龙江林区森林提供相关技术参考。     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

Comparison of various extraction methods for policosanol from rice bran wax and establishment of chromatographic fingerprint of policosanol

A capillary gas chromatographic (GC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of policosanol components extracted from rice bran wax. A Varian CP-sil 8 CB column was employed, and an oven temperature was programmed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the composition of policosanol. Quantitative analysis was carried out by means of hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) with dinonyl phthalate (DNP) as internal standard. The results indicated that the extract obtained by dry saponification has the highest contents of octacosanol and triacontanol among extracts by all used extraction methods including dry saponification, saponification in alcohol, saponification in water (neutralized and non-neutralized), and transesterification. Meanwhile, the GC-MS fingerprint of policosanol extracted by dry saponification has been established. Euclidean distance similarity calculation showed remarkable consistency of compositions and contents among 12 batches of policosanol from a rice bran wax variety. This protocol provided a rapid and feasible method for quality control of policosanol products.     

Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and oxidative burst in polymorphonuclear neutrophils by caffeic acid and hispidin derivatives isolated from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.)

Several antioxidant compounds have been previously identified from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis Burm.) by DPPH bleaching and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analyses. Among the isolates, 7-O-caffeoylhydroxymaltol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and hispidin 4-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside [6-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-2-pyrone] were two new compounds. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible effect of the aqueous extract of sword brake fern (SBF) and these two compounds in preventing atherosclerosis. The results demonstrated that SBF and these two compounds strongly inhibited Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBARS), conjugated diene production, and relative electrophoretic mobility. The commercial antioxidant dl-alpha-tocopherol showed lower antioxidant activity than these two compounds at the same molecular concentration. SBF and these two compounds also suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). These findings indicate that sword brake fern may prevent atherosclerosis via inhibition of both LDL oxidation and ROS production.     

Screening of Feather Degrading Bacteria and Optimization of Fer-mentation Conditions from Poultry

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and screen the microorganisms from the soil where chicken feathers were piled for a long time and identify them biologically. Single-factor test and response surface methodology (RSM) analyses were used to explore the optimum conditions for the growth and fermentation of a strain. Screening of bacterial strains from the soil where feathers were piled for a long time was performed, and 12 keratinolytic bacterial strains were isolated. One of these isolates, CH-7, was found to be the most effective feather-degrading strain, which was identified as Lactococcus lactis KU568489.1. The growth situation of feather keratin degrading bacterium analysis results showed that the best degradation effect of CH-7 was found in oxygen, inoculation 5％, initial pH=6.5, fermentation temperature 30℃, speed 220 r ? min-1 and fermentation time 36 h, and CH-7 had the highest degradation rate of feather keratin. The optimization analysis of RSM showed that there was more significances of the three factors, 32℃, pH 6.3 and amount of inoculum at 5.7％ on the degradation of feather keratin. Based on the above results, the feather degrading bacterium, Lactococcus lactis CH-7, was obtained by screening, 30℃ and pH 5.5-6.5 were the best growth conditions. The oxygen, the amount of inoculum 5.7％, the fermentation temperature, 32℃, pH 6.3 and the rotational speed 220 r ? min-1 were the best fermentation conditions. Under these conditions, 38.48％ degradation rate was obtained after 36 h fermentation, which demonstrated the strain CH-7 was potential to the fermented feather meal for feed.